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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Rémondin C, Mignani S, Rochais C, Dallemagne P. Synthesis and interest in medicinal chemistry of β-phenylalanine derivatives (β-PAD): an update (2010-2022). Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1147-1162. [PMID: 38722231 PMCID: PMC11221601 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2347063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Phenylalanine derivatives (β-PAD) represent a structural family of therapeutic interest, either as components of drugs or as starting materials for access to key compounds. As scaffolds for medicinal chemistry work, β-PAD offer the advantage of great diversity and modularity, a chiral pseudopeptidic character that opens up the capacity to be recognized by natural systems, and greater stability than natural α-amino acids. Nevertheless, their synthesis remains a challenge in drug discovery and numerous methods have been devoted to their preparation. This review is an update of the access routes to β-PAD and their various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Mignani
- Normandie Univ.,
UNICAEN, CERMN,
14000, Caen, France
- UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie
Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, Université Paris
Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité,
CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères,
75006, Paris, France
- CQM – Centro de Química da
Madeira, MMRG, Universidad da
Madeira, Campus da Penteada,
9020-105, Funchal,
Portugal
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3
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Sarfraz M, Ibrahim MK, Ejaz SA, Attaullah HM, Aziz M, Arafat M, Shamim T, Elhadi M, Ruby T, Mahmood HK. An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04815-0. [PMID: 38165591 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the potential of piperidine-based 2H chromen-2-one derivatives against targeted enzymes, i.e., cholinesterase's and monoamine oxidase enzymes. The compounds were divided into three groups, i.e., 4a-m ((3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), 5a-e (3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methypipridin-3-yl)methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), and 7a-b (7-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)propoxy)-3,4-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives) with slight difference in the basic structure. The comprehensive computational investigations were conducted including density functional theories studies (DFTs), 2D-QSAR studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The QSAR equation revealed that the activity of selected chromen-2-one-based piperidine derivatives is being affected by the six descriptors, i.e., Nitrogens Count, SdssCcount, SssOE-Index, T-2-2-7, ChiV6chain, and SssCH2E-Index. These descriptor values were further used for the preparation of chromen-2-one based piperidine derivatives. Based on this, 83 new derivatives were created from 7 selected parent compounds. The QSAR model predicted their IC50 values, with compound 4 k and 4kk as the most potent multi-targeted derivative. Molecular docking results exhibited these compounds as the best inhibitors; however, 4kk exhibited greater activity than the parent compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic simulation studies along with the suitable physicochemical properties. These results prove to be an essential guide for the further design and development of new piperidine based chromen-2-one derivatives having better activity against neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- AU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Attaullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahira Shamim
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University College of Conventional Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muawya Elhadi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, P.O.Box 1040, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Ruby
- Institute of Zoology, Bahaudin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Kashif Mahmood
- Institute of Zoology, Bahaudin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Alborghetti M, Bianchini E, De Carolis L, Galli S, Pontieri FE, Rinaldi D. Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases: clinical applications based on preclinical findings. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:16-21. [PMID: 37488838 PMCID: PMC10479837 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors, encompassing selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, are available to treat Parkinson's disease. These drugs ameliorate motor symptoms and improve motor fluctuation in the advanced stages of the disease. There is also evidence supporting the benefit of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as mood deflection, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. Preclinical studies indicate that type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors hold a strong neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases for reducing oxidative stress and stimulating the production and release of neurotrophic factors, particularly glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, which support dopaminergic neurons. Besides, safinamide may interfere with neurodegenerative mechanisms, counteracting excessive glutamate overdrive in basal ganglia motor circuit and reducing death from excitotoxicity. Due to the dual mechanism of action, the new generation of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors, including safinamide, is gaining interest in other neurological pathologies, and many supporting preclinical studies are now available. The potential fields of application concern epilepsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, and above all, ischemic brain injury. The purpose of this review is to investigate the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide in Parkinson's disease and beyond, focusing on possible future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Alborghetti
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bianchini
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS—Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lanfranco De Carolis
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Galli
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco E. Pontieri
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS—Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Domiziana Rinaldi
- Neurology Unit, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS—Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Dugarte-Dugarte AJ, Toro RA, van de Streek J, Henao JA, Fitch AN, Dejoie C, Delgado JM, Díaz de Delgado G. Hydrogen bonding patterns and C-H...π interactions in the structure of the antiparkinsonian drug (R)-rasagiline mesylate determined using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2023; 79:462-472. [PMID: 37820013 PMCID: PMC10833353 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520623007758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The structure of (R)-rasagiline mesylate [(R)-RasH+·Mes-], an active pharmaceutical ingredient used to treat Parkinson's disease, is presented. The structure was determined from laboratory and synchrotron powder diffraction data, refined using the Rietveld method, and validated and optimized using dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. The unit-cell parameters obtained in both experiments are in good agreement and the refinement with both datasets converged to good agreement factors. The final parameters obtained from laboratory data were a = 5.4905 (8), b = 6.536 (2), c = 38.953 (3) Å, V = 1398.0 (4) Å3 and from synchrotron powder data were a = 5.487530 (10) Å, b = 6.528939 (12) Å, c = 38.94313 (9) Å, V = 1395.245 (5) Å3 with Z = 4 and space group P212121. Preferred orientation was properly accounted for using the synchrotron radiation data, leading to a March-Dollase parameter of 1.140 (1) instead of the 0.642 (1) value obtained from laboratory data. In the structure, (R)-RasH+ moieties form layers parallel to the ab plane connected by mesylate ions through N-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds. These layers stack along the c axis and are further connected by C-H...π interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plot calculations indicate that the main interactions are: H...H (50.9%), H...C/C...H (27.1%) and H...O/O...H (21.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Analio J. Dugarte-Dugarte
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía-LNDRX, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Robert A. Toro
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - José Antonio Henao
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Estructural (GIQUE), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Andrew N. Fitch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble, Cedex 9 38043, France
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble, Cedex 9 38043, France
| | - José Miguel Delgado
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía-LNDRX, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Graciela Díaz de Delgado
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía-LNDRX, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
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Georgieva MK, Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Yancheva D. Radical Scavenging Mechanisms of 1-Arylhydrazone Benzimidazole Hybrids with Neuroprotective Activity. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4364-4373. [PMID: 37163390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-arylhydrazone hybrids showed promising potential as multifunctional drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotection studies conducted using an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the SH-SY5Y cell line revealed a remarkable activity of the compound possessing a vanilloid structural fragment. The cell viability was preserved up to 84% and this effect was significantly higher than the one exerted by the reference compounds melatonin and rasagiline. Another compound with a catecholic moiety demonstrated the second-best neuroprotective activity. Computational studies were further conducted to characterize in depth the antioxidant properties of both compounds. The possible radical scavenging mechanisms were estimated as well as the most reactive sites through which the compounds may deactivate a variety of free radicals. Both of the compounds are able to deactivate not only the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals but also alkoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, following hydrogen atom transfer or radical adduct formation mechanism. In nonpolar medium, 3e is predicted to react slightly faster than 3a with alkoxyl radicals and around two orders of magnitude faster than 3a with hydroperoxyl radicals. The most reactive sites for formal hydrogen atom transfer in 3a are the meta-hydroxy group in the phenyl ring in water and the amide N-H group in benzene; in 3e, the amide N-H group is more reactive in both solvents. The radical adduct formation can occur at several positions in 3a and 3e, the most active being C4, C6, and C14. The stability of the formed radicals was estimated by NBO calculations. The NBO calculations indicated that the spin density in the radicals formed by the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the amide groups of both compounds is delocalized over the phenyl ring and the hydrazone chain. The obtained theoretical data for the better radical scavenging ability of the vanilloid hybrid corroborate its experimentally established better neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena K Georgieva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Yi C, Liu X, Chen K, Liang H, Jin C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115308. [PMID: 37001389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ((benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as MAO-B inhibitors. SAR studies indicated that cyclizing benzyl ether into benzofuran ring resulted in the most potent MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.037 μM), (2S,4S)-4-fluoro-1-((2-(4-fluorophenyl) benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (C14). PK properties of C14 in rats and mice were significantly improved compared to our previous candidate and safinamide, indicating that benzofuran moiety is essential for improving PK properties. Moreover, C14 displayed good metabolic stability and brain-blood barrier permeability, as well as favorable in vitro properties. Finally, C14 significantly inhibited MAO-B in the mouse brain. C14 exhibited a potential efficacy for DA deficits in the MPTP-induced mouse model and significantly increased DA concentration in the striatum. Thus, we identified that C14 may be a promising drug candidate for PD treatment.
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Duque KR, Vizcarra JA, Hill EJ, Espay AJ. Disease-modifying vs symptomatic treatments: Splitting over lumping. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:187-209. [PMID: 36803811 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of putative disease-modifying therapies in neurodegeneration have obeyed the century-old principle of convergence, or lumping, whereby any feature of a clinicopathologic disease entity is considered relevant to most of those affected. While this convergent approach has resulted in important successes in trials of symptomatic therapies, largely aimed at correcting common neurotransmitter deficiencies (e.g., cholinergic deficiency in Alzheimer's disease or dopaminergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease), it has been consistently futile in trials of neuroprotective or disease-modifying interventions. As individuals affected by the same neurodegenerative disorder do not share the same biological drivers, splitting such disease into small molecular/biological subtypes, to match people to therapies most likely to benefit them, is vital in the pursuit of disease modification. We here discuss three paths toward the splitting needed for future successes in precision medicine: (1) encourage the development of aging cohorts agnostic to phenotype in order to enact a biology-to-phenotype direction of biomarker development and validate divergence biomarkers (present in some, absent in most); (2) demand bioassay-based recruitment of subjects into disease-modifying trials of putative neuroprotective interventions in order to match the right therapies to the right recipients; and (3) evaluate promising epidemiologic leads of presumed pathogenetic potential using Mendelian randomization studies before designing the corresponding clinical trials. The reconfiguration of disease-modifying efforts for patients with neurodegenerative disorders will require a paradigm shift from lumping to splitting and from proteinopathy to proteinopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Duque
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emily J Hill
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Buzoianu AD, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Feng L, Huang H, Chen L, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of Histamine H3/H4 Receptor Modulators BF-2649 and Clobenpropit with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide in Combination with Alpha Synuclein Reduces Brain Pathology in Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:55-96. [PMID: 37480459 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) in military personnel engaged in combat operations is likely to develop in their later lives. In order to enhance the quality of lives of PD patients, exploration of novel therapy based on new research strategies is highly warranted. The hallmarks of PD include increased alpha synuclein (ASNC) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to brain pathology. In addition, there are evidences showing increased histaminergic nerve fibers in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc), striatum (STr), and caudate putamen (CP) associated with upregulation of histamine H3 receptors and downregulation of H4 receptors in human brain. Previous studies from our group showed that modulation of potent histaminergic H3 receptor inverse agonist BF-2549 or clobenpropit (CLBPT) partial histamine H4 agonist with H3 receptor antagonist induces neuroprotection in PD brain pathology. Recent studies show that PD also enhances amyloid beta peptide (AβP) depositions in brain. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP together with ASNC and H3/H4 modulator drugs on PD brain pathology is discussed based on our own observations. Our investigation shows that TiO2 nanowired BF-2649 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or CLBPT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 1 week together with nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to AβP and ASNC induced superior neuroprotection in PD-induced brain pathology. These observations are the first to show the modulation of histaminergic receptors together with antibodies to AβP and ASNC induces superior neuroprotection in PD. These observations open new avenues for the development of novel drug therapies for clinical strategies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rayff da Silva P, de Andrade JC, de Sousa NF, Portela ACR, Oliveira Pires HF, Remígio MCRB, da Nóbrega Alves D, de Andrade HHN, Dias AL, Salvadori MGDSS, de Oliveira Golzio AMF, de Castro RD, Scotti MT, Felipe CFB, de Almeida RN, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Linalool and Citronellal Derivatives Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disorders: A Review with Experimental Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:842-866. [PMID: 36809939 PMCID: PMC10227923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms. This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer's and anti-Parkinson's activity of linalool and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cabral de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Ribeiro Portela
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes Oliveira Pires
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Caroline Rodrigues Bezerra Remígio
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Humberto Hugo Nunes de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Arthur Lins Dias
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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12
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Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Guzmán-López EG, Hernández-Ayala LF, Galano A. Chalcone Derivatives with a High Potential as Multifunctional Antioxidant Neuroprotectors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38254-38268. [PMID: 36340167 PMCID: PMC9631883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A systematic, rational search for chalcone derivatives with multifunctional behavior has been carried out, with the support of a computer-assisted protocol (CADMA-Chem). A total of 568 derivatives were constructed by incorporating functional groups into the chalcone structure. Selection scores were calculated from ADME properties, toxicity, and manufacturability descriptors. They were used to select a subset of molecules (23) with the best drug-like behavior. Reactivity indices were calculated for this subset. They were chosen to account for electron and hydrogen atom donating capabilities, which are key processes for antioxidant activity. The indexes showed that four chalcone derivatives (dCHA-279, dCHA-568, dCHA-553, and dCHA-283) are better electron and H donors than the parent molecule and some reference antioxidants (Trolox, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol). In addition, based on molecular docking, they are predicted to act as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Therefore, these four molecules are proposed as promising candidates to act as multifunctional antioxidants with neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa Avenida Ferrocarril
San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Gabriel Guzmán-López
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Felipe Hernández-Ayala
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento
de Química. Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes
de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía
Iztapalapa, Código Postal 09310, Ciudad de México, México
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13
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Neuroprotective Function of Rasagiline and Selegiline, Inhibitors of Type B Monoamine Oxidase, and Role of Monoamine Oxidases in Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911059. [PMID: 36232361 PMCID: PMC9570229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of toxic species of α-synuclein. The common clinical features are chronic progressive decline of motor, cognitive, behavioral, and autonomic functions. They include Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, and multiple system atrophy. Their etiology has not been clarified and multiple pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation systems, and neuroinflammation. Current available therapy cannot prevent progressive neurodegeneration and “disease-modifying or neuroprotective” therapy has been proposed. This paper presents the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by the inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. They prevent mitochondrial apoptosis, induce anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors. They also prevent toxic oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein. Monoamine oxidase is involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, independently of the catalytic activity. Type A monoamine oxidases mediates rasagiline-activated signaling pathways to induce neuroprotective genes in neuronal cells. Multi-targeting propargylamine derivatives have been developed for therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have presented neuroprotection of rasagiline and selegiline, but beneficial effects have been scarcely presented. Strategy to improve clinical trials is discussed to achieve disease-modification in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-05-6173-1111 (ext. 3494); Fax: +81-561-731-142
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14
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Yadav P, Gupta R, Arora G, Srivastava A, Sharma RK. One‐pot Synthesis of Propargylamines using Aldehydes‐Amines‐Acetylene
via
an Efficient Nickel‐Based Silica‐Coated Magnetic Nanocatalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Radhika Gupta
- Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Shyam Lal College University of Delhi Delhi 110032 India
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Anju Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rakesh K. Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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15
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Rendić SP, Crouch RD, Guengerich FP. Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2145-2246. [PMID: 35648190 PMCID: PMC9159052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, "general chemicals," natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10-15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
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16
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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17
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From the tyrosine hydroxylase hypothesis of Parkinson's disease to modern strategies: a short historical overview. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:487-495. [PMID: 35460433 PMCID: PMC9188506 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A time span of 60 years covers the detection of catecholamines in the brain, their function in movement and correlation to Parkinson’s disease (PD). The clinical findings that orally given l-DOPA can alleviate or even prevent akinesia gave great hope for the treatment of PD. Attention focused on the role of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of catecholamines. It became evident that the enzyme driven formation is lowered in PD. Such results could only be obtained from studying human brain samples demonstrating the necessity for human brain banks. Originally, a TH enzyme deficiency was suspected in PD. Studies were conducted on the enzyme properties: its induction and turnover, the complex regulation starting with cofactor requirements as tetrahydrobiopterin and ferrous iron, and the necessity for phosphorylation for activity as well as inhibition by toxins or regulatory feedback inhibition by catecholamines. In the course of time, it became evident that neurodegeneration and cell death of dopaminergic neurons is the actual pathological process and the decrease of TH a cophenomenon. Nevertheless, TH immunochemistry has ever since been a valuable tool to study neuronal pathways, neurodegeneration in various animal models of neurotoxicity and cell cultures, which have been used as well to test potential neuroprotective strategies.
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18
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Effect of MAO-B Inhibitors on Neurometabolic Profile of Patients Affected by Parkinson Disease: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071931. [PMID: 35407539 PMCID: PMC8999805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder whose treatment is symptomatic. No suitable methods for assessing the effects of dopaminergic drugs on disease progression in clinical trials have yet been provided. The aim of this longitudinal study is to evaluate the influence of rasagiline and selegiline on neurometabolic profile in de novo PD patients by using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We enrolled de novo PD patients who were divided into two groups of 20 patients each, according to the dopaminergic treatment prescribed at the baseline visit (rasagiline or selegiline). At the baseline visit and after 12 months, all patients underwent neurological evaluation as well as 1H-MRS. Forty healthy controls (HC) underwent 1H-MRS at baseline and after 12 months. PD patients, compared to HC, showed significantly lower concentrations of NAA in the motor cortex, while the Cho levels showed a decreasing trend. After 12 months of therapy, the 1H-MRS study revealed that rasagiline and selegiline in a similar way were able to restore the NAA levels to values similar to those of HC. In addition, this neurometabolic change showed a correlation with UPDRS-III scores. This is the first longitudinal study that provides preliminary evidence that 1H-MRS may be a suitable method to evaluate objectively the influence of MAO-B inhibitors on the neurometabolic profile of PD patients. These results could open a new scenario on the hypothesis of a drug-induced slowing effect of PD progression.
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19
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Shkodina AD, Tan SC, Hasan MM, Abdelgawad M, Chopra H, Bilal M, Boiko DI, Tarianyk KA, Alexiou A. Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101554. [PMID: 34973458 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common motor disorder that has become increasingly prevalent in the ageing population. Recent works have suggested that circadian rhythms disruption is a common event in PD patients. Clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm of biological processes in eukaryotic organisms, but their roles in PD remain unclear. Despite this, several lines of evidence point to the possibility that clock genes may have a significant impact on the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to consolidate recent understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD. We first summarized the findings of clock gene expression and epigenetic analyses in PD patients and animal models. We also discussed the potential contributory role of clock gene variants in the development of PD and/or its symptoms. We further reviewed the mechanisms by which clock genes affect mitochondrial dynamics as well as the rhythmic synthesis and secretion of endocrine hormones, the impairment of which may contribute to the development of PD. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the currently available studies, and suggested future potential studies to deepen our understanding of the roles of clock genes in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mai Abdelgawad
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place NSW2700, Australia; AFNP Med, Haidingergasse 29, 1030 Wien, Austria
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20
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Shkodina AD, Tan SC, Hasan MM, Abdelgawad M, Chopra H, Bilal M, Boiko DI, Tarianyk KA, Alexiou A. Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101554. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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21
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Shkodina AD, Tan SC, Hasan MM, Abdelgawad M, Chopra H, Bilal M, Boiko DI, Tarianyk KA, Alexiou A. Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Knez D, Hrast M, Frlan R, Pišlar A, Žakelj S, Kos J, Gobec S. Indoles and 1-(3-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazines: Reversible and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors identified by screening an in-house compound library. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105581. [PMID: 34990933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic indications for monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitors that have emerged from biological studies on animal and cellular models of neurological and oncological diseases have focused drug discovery projects upon identifying reversible MAO inhibitors. Screening of our in-house academic compound library identified two hit compounds that inhibit MAO-B with IC50 values in micromolar range. Two series of indole (23 analogues) and 3-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazine (16 analogues) MAO-B inhibitors were derived from hits, and screened for their structure-activity relationships. Both series yielded low micromolar selective inhibitors of human MAO-B, namely indole 2 (IC50 = 12.63 ± 1.21 µM) and piperazine 39 (IC50 = 19.25 ± 4.89 µM), which is comparable to selective MAO-B inhibitor isatin (IC50 = 6.10 ± 2.81 µM), yet less potent in comparison to safinamide (IC50 = 0.029 ± 0.002 µM). Selective MAO-B inhibitors 2, 14, 38 and 39 exhibited favourable permeation of the blood-brain barrier and low cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Hrast
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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23
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Kamecki F, Knez D, Carvalho D, Marcucci C, Rademacher M, Higgs J, Žakelj S, Marcos A, de Tezanos Pinto F, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Gobec S, Colettis N, Marder M. Multitarget 2'-hydroxychalcones as potential drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and their comorbidities. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108837. [PMID: 34653442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) calls for multidirectional treatment. Restoring neurotransmitter levels by combined inhibition of cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidases (MAOs, MAO-A and MAO-B), in conjunction with strategies to counteract amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, may constitute a therapeutically strong multi-target approach for the treatment of NDDs. Chalcones are a subgroup of flavonoids with a broad spectrum of biological activity. We report here the synthesis of 2'-hydroxychalcones as MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. Compounds 5c (IC50 = 0.031 ± 0.001 μM), 5a (IC50 = 0.084 ± 0.003 μM), 2c (IC50 = 0.095 ± 0.019 μM) and 2a (IC50 = 0.111 ± 0.006 μM) were the most potent, selective and reversible inhibitors of human (h)MAO-B isoform. hMAO-B inhibitors 1a, 2a and 5a also inhibited murine MAO-B in vivo in mouse brain homogenates. Molecular modelling rationalised the binding mode of 2'-hydroxychalcones in the active site of hMAO-B. Additionally, several derivatives inhibited murine acetylcholinesterase (mAChE) (IC50 values from 4.37 ± 0.83 μM to 15.17 ± 6.03 μM) and reduced the aggregation propensity of Aβ. Moreover, some derivatives bound to the benzodiazepine binding site (BDZ-bs) of the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors (1a and 2a with Ki = 4.9 ± 1.1 μM and 5.0 ± 1.1 μM, respectively), and exerted sedative and/or anxiolytic like effects on mice. The biological results reported here on 2'-hydroxychalcones provide an extension to previous studies on chalcone scaffold and show them as a potential treatment strategy for NDDs and their associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Kamecki
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Diego Carvalho
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Carolina Marcucci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marina Rademacher
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Josefina Higgs
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Simon Žakelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Alejandra Marcos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Felicitas de Tezanos Pinto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Andrés Abin-Carriquiry
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Natalia Colettis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariel Marder
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Schlimpen F, Plaçais C, Starck E, Bénéteau V, Pale P, Chassaing S. α-Tertiary Propargylamine Synthesis via KA 2-Type Coupling Reactions under Solvent-Free Cu I-Zeolite Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16593-16613. [PMID: 34806367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of copper(I)-zeolite catalysis was evaluated in the three-component KA2-coupling mediated synthesis of α-tertiary propargylamines. Our archetypal copper(I)-doped zeolite CuI-USY proved to be efficient under ligand- and solvent-free conditions at 80 °C. Usable up to four times, this catalytic material enables the coupling of diverse ketones, alkynes, and amines with a broad functional group tolerance. A decarboxylative and a desilylative version, respectively, involving an alkynoic acid and trimethylsilylacetylene as alkyne surrogates, was also set up to bypass selectivity issues and/or to access α-tertiary propargylamines that are unattainable under standard KA2 conditions. Interestingly, the KA2-type coupling reactions were successfully linked to other CuI-catalyzed reactions, thus resulting in sequential one-pot processes under full CuI-USY catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schlimpen
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Clotilde Plaçais
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Eliot Starck
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Valérie Bénéteau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
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25
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Gulcan HO. Selected natural and synthetic agents effective against Parkinson's disease with diverse mechanisms. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:199-208. [PMID: 34844541 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211129141316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) has been extensively investigated with respect to its neuropathological background and possible treatment options. Since the symptomatic outcomes are generally related to dopamine deficiency, the current treatment strategies towards PD mainly employ dopaminergic agonists as well as the compounds acting on dopamine metabolism. These drugs do not provide disease modifying properties; therefore alternative drug discovery studies focus on targets involved in the progressive neurodegenerative character of PD. This study has aimed to present the pathophysiology of PD concomitant to the representation of drugs and promising molecules displaying activity against the validated and non-validated targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozan Gulcan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99520, T.R. North Cyprus, via Mersin 10. Turkey
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26
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Elkamhawy A, Woo J, Gouda NA, Kim J, Nada H, Roh EJ, Park KD, Cho J, Lee K. Melatonin Analogues Potently Inhibit MAO-B and Protect PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101604. [PMID: 34679739 PMCID: PMC8533333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes dopamine and plays an important role in oxidative stress by altering the redox state of neuronal and glial cells. MAO-B inhibitors are a promising therapeutical approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Herein, 24 melatonin analogues (3a–x) were synthesized as novel MAO-B inhibitors with the potential to counteract oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. Structure elucidation, characterization, and purity of the synthesized compounds were performed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. At 10 µM, 12 compounds showed >50% MAO-B inhibition. Among them, compounds 3n, 3r, and 3u–w showed >70% inhibition of MAO-B and IC50 values of 1.41, 0.91, 1.20, 0.66, and 2.41 µM, respectively. When compared with the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), compounds 3n, 3r, 3u, and 3v demonstrated better selectivity indices (SI > 71, 109, 83, and 151, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 3n and 3r exhibited safe neurotoxicity profiles in PC12 cells and reversed 6-OHDA- and rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative stress. Both compounds significantly up-regulated the expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Treatment with Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective effects of the tested compounds, suggesting a critical role of HO-1 up-regulation. Both compounds increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which is a key regulator of the antioxidative response. Taken together, these data show that compounds 3n and 3r could be further exploited for their multi-targeted role in oxidative stress-related PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jiyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Jushin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
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27
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Grigoriou S, Martínez-Martín P, Ray Chaudhuri K, Rukavina K, Leta V, Hausbrand D, Falkenburger B, Odin P, Reichmann H. Effects of safinamide on pain in patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2336. [PMID: 34478245 PMCID: PMC8553314 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are integral to Parkinson's Disease (PD) and management remains a challenge. Safinamide is a novel molecule in relation to addressing NMS due to its multifocal mechanism of action with both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of safinamide on NMS and its burden in PD patients with motor fluctuations after 6 months of treatment. METHODS This observational, multicenter, open-label, pilot study assessed a wide range of NMS using the following rating scales, NMSS (non-motor symptom scale), KPPS (King's PD pain scale), HADS (hospital anxiety and depression scale), PDQ-8 (Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire), and PDSS-2 (Parkinson's disease sleep scale), EuroQol-5D 3 level version (EQ-5D-3L), CGI-I (clinical global impression of improvement), and PGI-C (patient global impression of change). Motor examination using UPDRS part III (Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, motor examination), UPDRS IV (complications of therapy) and Hoehn and Yahr staging were also obtained. RESULTS 27 patients were included in the analysis and were evaluated at baseline and ≥ 6 months after safinamide treatment. 26 patients had a daily maintenance dose of 100 mg and 1 patient a daily dose of 50 mg. Significant improvements in UPDRS IV, KPPS item 5 (region-specific "off" dystonia), KPPS domain 3 (items 4-6, fluctuation related pain) and KPPS total score were observed after treatment with safinamide, while maintaining stable dopaminergic medication. No statistically significant differences were found in NMSS, HADS, PDSS-2, EQ-5D-3L, and PDQ-8 after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that safinamide may have a beneficial effect on pain, a key unmet need in fluctuating PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Grigoriou
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Pablo Martínez-Martín
- National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Valentina Leta
- Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, UK.,Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Denise Hausbrand
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Per Odin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Hirata Y, Tsunekawa Y, Takahashi M, Oh-Hashi K, Kawaguchi K, Hayazaki M, Watanabe M, Koga KI, Hattori Y, Takemori H, Furuta K. Identification of novel neuroprotective N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives that prevent oxytosis/ferroptosis and localize to late endosomes and lysosomes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:225-235. [PMID: 34407426 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the aging process and the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. We previously reported that a novel oxindole compound, GIF-0726-r, effectively prevents endogenous oxidative stress, such as oxytosis/ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, in mouse hippocampal cells. In this study, using two hundred compounds that were developed based on the structure-activity relationship of GIF-0726-r, we screened for the most potent compounds that prevent glutamate- and erastin-induced oxytosis and ferroptosis. Using submicromolar concentrations, we identified nine neuroprotective compounds that have N,N-dimethylaniline as a common structure but no longer contain an oxindole ring. The most potent derivatives, GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r (the racemate of GIF-2115 and GIF-2196), did not affect glutathione levels, had no antioxidant activity in vitro, or ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway, but prevented oxytosis/ferroptosis via reducing reactive oxygen production and decreasing ferrous ions. Furthermore, we developed fluorescent probes of GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r to image their distribution in live cells and found that they preferentially accumulated in late endosomes/lysosomes, which play a central role in iron metabolism. These results suggest that GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r protect hippocampal cells from oxytosis/ferroptosis by targeting late endosomes and lysosomes, as well as decreasing ferrous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsunekawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mayu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kyoka Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masumi Hayazaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miyu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Koga
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yurika Hattori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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29
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Computationally Assisted Lead Optimization of Novel Potent and Selective MAO-B Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101304. [PMID: 34680421 PMCID: PMC8533211 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dietary flavonoid acacetin 7-O-methyl ether derivatives were computationally designed aiming to improve the selectivity and potency profiles against monoamine oxidase (MAO) B. The designed compounds were evaluated for their potential to inhibit human MAO-A and -B. Compounds 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4c were the most potent with a Ki of 37 to 68 nM against MAO-B. Compounds 1c–4c displayed more than a thousand-fold selectivity index towards MAO-B compared with MAO-A. Moreover, compounds 1c and 2c showed reversible inhibition of MAO-B. These results provide a basis for further studies on the potential application of these modified flavonoids for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease and other neurological disorders.
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30
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Cho HU, Kim S, Sim J, Yang S, An H, Nam MH, Jang DP, Lee CJ. Redefining differential roles of MAO-A in dopamine degradation and MAO-B in tonic GABA synthesis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1148-1158. [PMID: 34244591 PMCID: PMC8333267 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is believed to mediate the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, in the brain. Between the two types of MAO, MAO-B has been believed to be involved in dopamine degradation, which supports the idea that the therapeutic efficacy of MAO-B inhibitors in Parkinson's disease can be attributed to an increase in extracellular dopamine concentration. However, this belief has been controversial. Here, by utilizing in vivo phasic and basal electrochemical monitoring of extracellular dopamine with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and multiple-cyclic square wave voltammetry and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of dopamine with GRABDA2m, we demonstrate that MAO-A, but not MAO-B, mainly contributes to striatal dopamine degradation. In contrast, our whole-cell patch-clamp results demonstrated that MAO-B, but not MAO-A, was responsible for astrocytic GABA-mediated tonic inhibitory currents in the rat striatum. We conclude that, in contrast to the traditional belief, MAO-A and MAO-B have profoundly different roles: MAO-A regulates dopamine levels, whereas MAO-B controls tonic GABA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-U Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunpil Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Sim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulkee Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong-Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea.
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31
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Li X, Wang W, Yan J, Zeng F. Glutamic Acid Transporters: Targets for Neuroprotective Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678154. [PMID: 34220434 PMCID: PMC8242205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals. At present, no effective drug has been developed to treat PD. Although a variety of drugs exist for the symptomatic treatment of PD, they all have strong side effects. Most studies on PD mainly focus on dopaminergic neurons. This review highlights the function of glutamic acid transporters (GLTs), including excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), during the development of PD. In addition, using bioinformatics, we compared the expression of different types of glutamate transporter genes in the cingulate gyrus of PD patients and healthy controls. More importantly, we suggest that the functional roles of glutamate transporters may prove beneficial in the treatment of PD. In summary, VGLUTs and EAATs may be potential targets in the treatment of PD. VGLUTs and EAATs can be used as clinical drug targets to achieve better efficacy. Through this review article, we hope to enable future researchers to improve the condition of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Manujyothi R, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Solvent-free synthesis of propargylamines: an overview. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19433-19449. [PMID: 35479216 PMCID: PMC9033675 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propargylamines are a class of compounds with many pharmaceutical and biological properties. A green approach to synthesize such compounds is very relevant. This review aims to describe the solvent-free synthetic approaches towards propargylamines via A3 and KA2 coupling reactions covering the literature up to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Manujyothi
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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Overview of the Neuroprotective Effects of the MAO-Inhibiting Antidepressant Phenelzine. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:225-242. [PMID: 33839994 PMCID: PMC8732914 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenelzine (PLZ) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant with anxiolytic properties. This multifaceted drug has a number of pharmacological and neurochemical effects in addition to inhibition of MAO, and findings on these effects have contributed to a body of evidence indicating that PLZ also has neuroprotective/neurorescue properties. These attributes are reviewed in this paper and include catabolism to the active metabolite β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) and effects of PLZ and PEH on the GABA-glutamate balance in brain, sequestration of reactive aldehydes, and inhibition of primary amine oxidase. Also discussed are the encouraging findings of the effects of PLZ in animal models of stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis, as well other actions such as reduction of nitrative stress, reduction of the effects of a toxin on dopaminergic neurons, potential anticonvulsant actions, and effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neural cell adhesion molecules, an anti-apoptotic factor, and brain levels of ornithine and N-acetylamino acids.
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Szepesy J, Humli V, Farkas J, Miklya I, Tímár J, Tábi T, Gáborján A, Polony G, Szirmai Á, Tamás L, Köles L, Vizi ES, Zelles T. Chronic Oral Selegiline Treatment Mitigates Age-Related Hearing Loss in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2853. [PMID: 33799684 PMCID: PMC7999597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), a sensorineural hearing loss of multifactorial origin, increases its prevalence in aging societies. Besides hearing aids and cochlear implants, there is no FDA approved efficient pharmacotherapy to either cure or prevent ARHL. We hypothesized that selegiline, an antiparkinsonian drug, could be a promising candidate for the treatment due to its complex neuroprotective, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission enhancing effects. We monitored by repeated Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) measurements the effect of chronic per os selegiline administration on the hearing function in BALB/c and DBA/2J mice, which strains exhibit moderate and rapid progressive high frequency hearing loss, respectively. The treatments were started at 1 month of age and lasted until almost a year and 5 months of age, respectively. In BALB/c mice, 4 mg/kg selegiline significantly mitigated the progression of ARHL at higher frequencies. Used in a wide dose range (0.15-45 mg/kg), selegiline had no effect in DBA/2J mice. Our results suggest that selegiline can partially preserve the hearing in certain forms of ARHL by alleviating its development. It might also be otoprotective in other mammals or humans.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage
- Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology
- Auditory Threshold/drug effects
- Auditory Threshold/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Protective Agents/administration & dosage
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Selegiline/administration & dosage
- Selegiline/pharmacology
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Synaptic Transmission/physiology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Szepesy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (G.P.); (Á.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Viktória Humli
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
| | - János Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
| | - Ildikó Miklya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
| | - Júlia Tímár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anita Gáborján
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (G.P.); (Á.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Gábor Polony
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (G.P.); (Á.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Ágnes Szirmai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (G.P.); (Á.S.); (L.T.)
| | - László Tamás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (G.P.); (Á.S.); (L.T.)
| | - László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elek Sylvester Vizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (J.S.); (V.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.); (J.T.); (L.K.); (E.S.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Duarte P, Cuadrado A, León R. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: From Classic to New Clinical Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:229-259. [PMID: 32852645 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are involved in the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. This pointed them as potential targets for several disorders and along the last 70 years a wide variety of MAO inhibitors have been developed as successful drugs for the treatment of complex diseases, being the first drugs approved for depression in the late 1950s. The discovery of two MAO isozymes (MAO-A and B) with different substrate selectivity and tissue expression patterns led to novel therapeutic approaches and to the development of new classes of inhibitors, such as selective irreversible and reversible MAO-B inhibitors and reversible MAO-A inhibitors. Significantly, MAO-B inhibitors constitute a widely studied group of compounds, some of them approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further applications are under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This review summarizes the most important aspects regarding the development and clinical use of MAO inhibitors, going through mechanistic and structural details, new indications, and future perspectives. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. The two different isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B, are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane in different tissues. The enzymatic reaction involves formation of the corresponding aldehyde and releasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia or a substituted amine depending on the substrate. MAO's role in neurotransmitter metabolism made them targets for major depression and Parkinson's disease, among other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, these compounds are being studied for other diseases such as cardiovascular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duarte
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÚficas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Mild traumatic brain injury exacerbates Parkinson's disease induced hemeoxygenase-2 expression and brain pathology: Neuroprotective effects of co-administration of TiO 2 nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:157-231. [PMID: 33223035 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the leading predisposing factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild or moderate TBI induces rapid production of tau protein and alpha synuclein (ASNC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in several brain areas. Enhanced tau-phosphorylation and ASNC alters the molecular machinery of the brain leading to PD pathology. Recent evidences show upregulation of constitutive isoform of hemeoxygenase (HO-2) in PD patients that correlates well with the brain pathology. mTBI alone induces profound upregulation of HO-2 immunoreactivity. Thus, it would be interesting to explore whether mTBI exacerbates PD pathology in relation to tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression. In addition, whether neurotrophic factors and stem cells known to reduce brain pathology in TBI could induce neuroprotection in PD following mTBI. In this review role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin (CBL), a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments using nanowired delivery in PD following mTBI is discussed based on our own investigation. Our results show that mTBI induces concussion exacerbates PD pathology and nanowired delivery of MSCs and CBL induces superior neuroprotection. This could be due to reduction in tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression in PD following mTBI, not reported earlier. The functional significance of our findings in relation to clinical strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Liu J, Xu F, Nie Z, Shao L. Gut Microbiota Approach-A New Strategy to Treat Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:570658. [PMID: 33194809 PMCID: PMC7643014 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.570658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra, which contain a variety of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn). Medications that increase or substitute for dopamine can be used for the treatment of PD. Recently, numerous studies have shown gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining multiple aspects of host physiology including host metabolism and neurodevelopment. In this review article, the role of gut microbiota in the etiological mechanism of PD will be reviewed. Furthermore, we discussed current pharmaceutical medicine-based methods to prevent and treat PD, followed by describing specific strains that affect the host brain function through the gut-brain axis. We explained in detail how gut microbiota directly produces neurotransmitters or regulate the host biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters secreted by the intestinal lumen bacteria may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that, in turn, can regulate neural signaling in the enteric nervous system and subsequently control brain function and behavior through the brain-gut axis. Finally, we proved that the microbial regulation of the host neuronal system. Endogenous α-syn can be transmitted long distance and bidirectional between ENS and brain through the circulatory system which gives us a new option that the possibility of altering the community of gut microbiota in completely new medication option for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunity, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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Sturchio A, Marsili L, Vizcarra JA, Dwivedi AK, Kauffman MA, Duker AP, Lu P, Pauciulo MW, Wissel BD, Hill EJ, Stecher B, Keeling EG, Vagal AS, Wang L, Haslam DB, Robson MJ, Tanner CM, Hagey DW, El Andaloussi S, Ezzat K, Fleming RMT, Lu LJ, Little MA, Espay AJ. Phenotype-Agnostic Molecular Subtyping of Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Cincinnati Cohort Biomarker Program (CCBP). Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:553635. [PMID: 33132895 PMCID: PMC7578373 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.553635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing biomarker development programs have been designed to identify serologic or imaging signatures of clinico-pathologic entities, assuming distinct biological boundaries between them. Identified putative biomarkers have exhibited large variability and inconsistency between cohorts, and remain inadequate for selecting suitable recipients for potential disease-modifying interventions. We launched the Cincinnati Cohort Biomarker Program (CCBP) as a population-based, phenotype-agnostic longitudinal study. While patients affected by a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders will be deeply phenotyped using clinical, imaging, and mobile health technologies, analyses will not be anchored on phenotypic clusters but on bioassays of to-be-repurposed medications as well as on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, and pharmacogenomics analyses blinded to phenotypic data. Unique features of this cohort study include (1) a reverse biology-to-phenotype direction of biomarker development in which clinical, imaging, and mobile health technologies are subordinate to biological signals of interest; (2) hypothesis free, causally- and data driven-based analyses; (3) inclusive recruitment of patients with neurodegenerative disorders beyond clinical criteria-meeting patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and (4) a large number of longitudinally followed participants. The parallel development of serum bioassays will be aimed at linking biologically suitable subjects to already available drugs with repurposing potential in future proof-of-concept adaptive clinical trials. Although many challenges are anticipated, including the unclear pathogenic relevance of identifiable biological signals and the possibility that some signals of importance may not yet be measurable with current technologies, this cohort study abandons the anchoring role of clinico-pathologic criteria in favor of biomarker-driven disease subtyping to facilitate future biosubtype-specific disease-modifying therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Luca Marsili
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joaquin A. Vizcarra
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alok K. Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo A. Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología “José María Ramos Mejía” y División Neurología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Medicina de Precision y Genomica Clinica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral– Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Andrew P. Duker
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Peixin Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Wissel
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emily J. Hill
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Stecher
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Keeling
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Achala S. Vagal
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David B. Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Caroline M. Tanner
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel W. Hagey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kariem Ezzat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronan M. T. Fleming
- Analytical Biosciences, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Long J. Lu
- Programa de Medicina de Precision y Genomica Clinica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral– Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Max A. Little
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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40
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Hydride Abstraction as the Rate-Limiting Step of the Irreversible Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase B by Rasagiline and Selegiline: A Computational Empirical Valence Bond Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176151. [PMID: 32858935 PMCID: PMC7503497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the degradation of a very broad range of biogenic and dietary amines including many neurotransmitters in the brain, whose imbalance is extensively linked with the biochemical pathology of various neurological disorders, and are, accordingly, used as primary pharmacological targets to treat these debilitating cognitive diseases. Still, despite this practical significance, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the irreversible MAO inhibition with clinically used propargylamine inhibitors rasagiline and selegiline is still not unambiguously determined, which hinders the rational design of improved inhibitors devoid of side effects current drugs are experiencing. To address this challenge, we present empirical valence bond QM/MM simulations of the rate-limiting step of the MAO inhibition involving the hydride anion transfer from the inhibitor α-carbon onto the N5 atom of the flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The proposed mechanism is strongly supported by the obtained free energy profiles, which confirm a higher reactivity of selegiline over rasagiline, while the calculated difference in the activation Gibbs energies of ΔΔG‡ = 3.1 kcal mol-1 is found to be in very good agreement with that from the measured literature kinact values that predict a 1.7 kcal mol-1 higher selegiline reactivity. Given the similarity with the hydride transfer mechanism during the MAO catalytic activity, these results verify that both rasagiline and selegiline are mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors and offer guidelines in designing new and improved inhibitors, which are all clinically employed in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Canale V, Grychowska K, Kurczab R, Ryng M, Keeri AR, Satała G, Olejarz-Maciej A, Koczurkiewicz P, Drop M, Blicharz K, Piska K, Pękala E, Janiszewska P, Krawczyk M, Walczak M, Chaumont-Dubel S, Bojarski AJ, Marin P, Popik P, Zajdel P. A dual-acting 5-HT 6 receptor inverse agonist/MAO-B inhibitor displays glioprotective and pro-cognitive properties. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112765. [PMID: 32949963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex etiology of Alzheimer's disease has initiated a quest for multi-target ligands to address the multifactorial causes of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this context, we designed dual-acting 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors using pharmacophore hybridization strategy. Our approach involved linking priviliged scaffolds of 5-HT6R with aryloxy fragments derived from reversible and irreversible MAO-B inhibitors. The study identified compound 48 that acts as an inverse agonist of 5-HT6R at Gs signaling and an irreversible MAO-B inhibitor. Compound 48 showed moderate metabolic stability in rat microsomal assay, artificial membrane permeability, no hepatotoxicity, and it was well distributed to the brain. Additionally, 48 showed glioprotective properties in a model of cultured astrocytes using 6-OHDA as the cytotoxic agent. Finally, compound 48 (MED = 1 mg/kg, p.o.) fully reversed memory deficits in the NOR task induced by scopolamine in rats. A better understanding of effects exerted by dual-acting 5-HT6R/MAO-B modulators may impact the future development of neurodegenerative-directed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Canale
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grychowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ryng
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Abdul Raheem Keeri
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Drop
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Janiszewska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Toxicology, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Krawczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of New Drug Development, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Toxicology, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Severine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of New Drug Development, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Feizipour S, Sobhani S, Mehrafza S, Gholami M, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Safari S, Davoudizadeh R. Selegiline acts as neuroprotective agent against methamphetamine-prompted mood and cognitive related behavior and neurotoxicity in rats: Involvement of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signal pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:606-615. [PMID: 32742598 PMCID: PMC7374985 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.38827.9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of selegiline and the molecular mechanisms involved in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Male wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (10 rats in each group). Group 1 and group 2 received normal saline and methamphetamine (10 mg/kg), respectively. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated simultaneously with methamphetamine and selegiline. From day 22 to day 28, forced swim test, elevated plus maze, and open field test were conducted to assess mood (anxiety and depression) levels, and from day 17 to day 21, Morris Water Maze was conducted for cognition assessment. On day 29, hippocampus of the animals were isolated and evaluated by ELISA method for oxidative, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors and expression levels of active (total) and inactive (phosphorylated) forms of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Akt (Protein Kinase B) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins. Results: Selegiline reduced behavioral impacts caused by methamphetamine in all doses. Methamphetamine administration may improve malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and GSK3 (both forms). Moreover, methamphetamine reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, amount of BDNF, CREB and Akt (both forms). Conclusion: Current research showed that selegiline can protect the brain from methamphetamine-prompted neurodegeneration, and this could be intervened by CREB -BDNF or Akt-GSK3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Feizipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Sobhani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shafagh Mehrafza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicine, Qom branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sepehr A, Taheri F, Heidarian S, Motaghinejad M, Safari S. Neuroprotective and neuro-survival properties of safinamide against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration: Hypothetic possible role of BDNF/TrkB/PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial uncoupling protein -2(UCP-2). Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110094. [PMID: 32682215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a behavioral psychostimulant that has a high potential for misuse and induction of neurotoxicity. Safinamide is a novel inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) with neuroprotective properties. Methamphetamine abuse causes dysfunction in the respiratory chain of the mitochondria, but the specific signaling mechanism and role of the uncoupling protein-2(UCP-2) remain unclear. As we know, some indirect evidence indicates that neurodegeneration can be caused by inhibition of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, TrkB and its downstream signaling pathway, such as the PGC-1α protein. Neuroprotective strategies and approaches to the management, treatment or prevention of methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration by modulating BDNF / TrkB / PGC-1α-UCP-2 can be considered as novel therapeutic approaches to these psychostimulant neurochemical and neurobehavioral approaches. Previous studies have shown that safinamide, a monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) inhibitor, can function as a neuroprotective agent and inhibit the neurodegenerative process especially in Parkinson's disease but its impact on other neurodegenerative processes and drug-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. Although there is some evidence that BDNF / TrkB / PGC-1α-UCP-2 signaling pathway and mitochondrial UCP-2 mediated safinamide induced neuroprotection but it's exact and precise mechanism of action and neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorder and the protective properties against methamphetamine induced neurodegeneration and the role of BDNF / TrkB / PGC-1α signaling pathway and role of mitochondrial UCP-2 in this process have not yet been clarified. Therefore, in subjects addicted to methamphetamine, we hypothesized that safinamide will provide neuroprotection against methamphetamine-prompted neurodegeneration, and it appears that BDNF / TrkB / PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial UCP-2 are likely to play a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah Sepehr
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Heidarian
- Department of chemistry, Zagros Institute of Higher Education, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Zhang J, Rong H, Zhang X, Dong M. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates MPP +/MPTP-Induced Oxidative Stress via ERK1/2-Dependent Nrf2 Activation: Translational Implications for Parkinson Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2981-2995. [PMID: 32445087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder closely associated with oxidative stress. The biochemical and cellular alterations that occur after cell and mouse treatment with the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPP+/MPTP are remarkably similar to those observed in idiopathic PD. Previously, we showed that ferulic acid (FA) has antioxidant properties and the ability to activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The present study tested the hypothesis that FA attenuates MPP+/MPTP-induced oxidative stress by regulating crosstalk between sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and Nrf2 pathways. To test this hypothesis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies using MPP+/MPTP-challenged SH-SY5Y cells or mice treated with or not with FA. FA marginally inhibited SIRT2 in parallel with α-synuclein at levels of transcription and translation in SH-SY5Y cells challenged with MPP+. Moreover, FA attenuated MPP+-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by reactive oxygen species, lipid hydroperoxides, GSH/GSSG ratio, and NAD+/NADH ratio. Mechanistically, FA strongly upregulated the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase-1 expression at the levels of transcription and translation. Interestingly, FA-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation contributed to nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 via de novo synthesis, which was validated by the use of dominant negative ERK2. Surprisingly, activation of the ERK1/2 and inhibition of SIRT2 by FA are mediated by independent mechanisms. Furthermore, FA ameliorated motor deficits and oxidative stress in the ventral midbrain in MPTP-treated (25 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) wild-type mice and α-synuclein knockout mice, but not in Nrf2 knockout mice. Collectively, FA exerts antioxidant effects through ERK1/2-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and these results may have important translational value for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hua Rong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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Buneeva OA, Kapitsa IG, Ivanova EA, Kopylov AT, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. The Effect of a Neuroprotective Dose of Isatin or Deprenyl to Mice on the Profile of Brain Isatin-Binding Proteins. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750820020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Łażewska D, Olejarz-Maciej A, Reiner D, Kaleta M, Latacz G, Zygmunt M, Doroz-Płonka A, Karcz T, Frank A, Stark H, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Dual Target Ligands with 4- tert-Butylphenoxy Scaffold as Histamine H 3 Receptor Antagonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103411. [PMID: 32408504 PMCID: PMC7279487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual target ligands are a promising concept for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). A combination of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibition with histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonism could have positive effects on dopamine regulation. Thus, a series of twenty-seven 4-tert-butylphenoxyalkoxyamines were designed as potential dual-target ligands for PD based on the structure of 1-(3-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)propyl)piperidine (DL76). Probed modifications included the introduction of different cyclic amines and elongation of the alkyl chain. Synthesized compounds were investigated for human H3R (hH3R) affinity and human MAO B (hMAO B) inhibitory activity. Most compounds showed good hH3R affinities with Ki values below 400 nM, and some of them showed potent inhibitory activity for hMAO B with IC50 values below 50 nM. However, the most balanced activity against both biological targets showed DL76 (hH3R: Ki = 38 nM and hMAO B: IC50 = 48 nM). Thus, DL76 was chosen for further studies, revealing the nontoxic nature of DL76 in HEK293 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Ycells. However, no neuroprotective effect was observed for DL76 in hydrogen peroxide-treated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed antiparkinsonian activity of DL76 in haloperidol-induced catalepsy (Cross Leg Position Test) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.Ł.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
| | - David Reiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.R.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Maria Kaleta
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 MedycznaStr, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agata Doroz-Płonka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
| | - Annika Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.R.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (D.R.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.O.-M.); (M.K.); (G.L.); (A.D.-P.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.Ł.); (K.K.-K.)
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Jiang DQ, Li MX, Jiang LL, Chen XB, Zhou XW. Comparison of selegiline and levodopa combination therapy versus levodopa monotherapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:769-779. [PMID: 31175606 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selegiline or levodopa treatment has been suggested as a therapeutic method for Parkinson's disease (PD) in many clinical trial reports. However, the combined effects of two drugs still remain controversial. The aim of this report was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of selegiline plus levodopa (S + L) combination therapy in the treatment of PD compared to that of L monotherapy, to provide a reference resource for rational drug use. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of S + L for PD published up to September, 2018 were searched. Mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. The outcomes measured were as follows: the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores, modified Webster score, adverse events and mortality. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs with 2008 participants were included. Compared with L monotherapy, the pooled effects of S + L combination therapy on UPDRS score were (eleven trials; MD - 7.00, 95% CI - 8.35 to - 5.65, P < 0.00001) for total UPDRS score (nine trials; MD - 5.74, 95% CI - 7.71 to - 3.77, P < 0.00001) for motor UPDRS score (seven trials; MD - 1.61, 95% CI - 2.18 to - 1.04, P < 0.00001) for activities of daily living UPDRS score (three trials; MD - 0.38, 95% CI - 0.61 to - 0.14, P = 0.002) for mental UPDRS score. The Webster score showed significant decrease in the S + L combination therapy compared to L monotherapy (four trials; MD - 5.71, 95% CI - 7.11 to - 4.32, P < 0.00001). Compared with L monotherapy, S + L combination therapy did not increase the number of any adverse events significantly in PD patients (ten trials; OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.83-3.00, P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS S + L combination therapy is superior to L monotherapy for the improvement of clinical symptoms in PD patients. Moreover, the safety profile of S + L combination therapy is comparable with that of L monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No.1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Ming-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Li-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No.1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Bai Chen
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No.1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing-Wen Zhou
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No.1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China.
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48
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Yang L, Li CL, Tsai TH. Preclinical Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Panax ginseng Extract and Selegiline in Freely Moving Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4682-4688. [PMID: 32175515 PMCID: PMC7066651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Selegiline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, is prescribed during the early stages of Parkinson's disease. The nutritional herbal medicine Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been reported to show potential neuroprotective activity; however, the herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between selegiline and P. ginseng extract has not been characterized. Our hypothesis is that the ginseng extract and selegiline produce pharmacokinetic interactions at certain doses. To investigate this hypothesis, a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to monitor selegiline in rat plasma. Experimental rats were divided into groups treated with selegiline alone (10 mg/kg, i.v.; 30 mg/kg, p.o.), with the low-dose ginseng extract (1 g/kg, p.o., for 5 consecutive days) or with the high-dose ginseng extract (3 g/kg, p.o., for 5 consecutive days). The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of selegiline alone was approximately 18%; however, when rats were pretreated with low and high doses of the ginseng extract, the bioavailability of selegiline was 7.2 and 29%, respectively. These results suggested that the ginseng extract may produce a biphasic pharmacokinetic phenomenon. In summary, ginseng alters the oral bioavailability of selegiline, and these observations might provide preclinical information concerning the pharmacokinetic interactions between selegiline and herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lin Li
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty
of Medicine, School of Medicine, National
Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Acupuncture Science, China
Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National United
University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
- E-mail: . Phone: (886-2) 2826 7115. Fax: (886-2) 2822
5044
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Rasagiline and selegiline modulate mitochondrial homeostasis, intervene apoptosis system and mitigate α-synuclein cytotoxicity in disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:131-147. [PMID: 31993732 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease has been considered as a motor neuron disease with dopamine (DA) deficit caused by neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, but now proposed as a multi-system disorder associated with α-synuclein accumulation in neuronal and non-neuronal systems. Neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease has intended to halt or reverse cell death of nigro-striatal DA neurons and prevent the disease progression, but clinical studies have not presented enough beneficial results, except the trial of rasagiline by delayed start design at low dose of 1 mg/day only. Now strategy of disease-modifying therapy should be reconsidered taking consideration of accumulation and toxicity of α-synuclein preceding the manifest of motor symptoms. Hitherto neuroprotective therapy has been aimed to mitigate non-specific risk factors; oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, deficits of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), inflammation and accumulation of pathogenic protein. Future disease-modify therapy should target more specified pathogenic factors, including deregulated mitochondrial homeostasis, deficit of NTFs and α-synuclein toxicity. Selegiline and rasagiline, inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, have been proved to exhibit potent neuroprotective function: regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis system, maintenance of mitochondrial function, increased expression of genes coding antioxidant enzymes, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-survival NTFs, and suppression of oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein and the toxicity in cellular and animal experiments. However, the present available pharmacological therapy starts too late to reverse disease progression, and future disease-modifying therapy should include also non-pharmacological complementary therapy during the prodromal stage.
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Buneeva OA, Kapitsa IG, Ivanova EA, Kopylov AT, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. [The effect of a neuroprotective dose of isatin or deprenyl to mice on the profile of brain isatin-binding proteins]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:407-417. [PMID: 31666414 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196505407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isatin (indol-2,3-dione), an endogenous biofactor found in the brain, peripheral tissues and biological body fluids of humans and animals, exhibits a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. They are realized via interaction with numerous isatin-binding proteins. Some of these proteins identified during proteomic profiling of the brain are involved in the development of neurodegenerative pathology. In the context of the neuroprotective effect, the effect of isatin is comparable to the effects of deprenyl (selegiline), a pharmacological agent used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we have investigated the effect of a single dose administration of isatin (100 mg/kg) and deprenyl (10 mg/kg) to mice on the profile of the brain isatin-binding proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis of brain isatin-binding proteins of mice treated with isatin or deprenyl resulted in identification of a representative group of proteins (n=200) sensitive to the administration of these substances. The change in the profile of isatin-binding proteins may be obviously attributed to accumulation of isatin and deprenyl in the brain and their interaction with target proteins; this prevents protein binding to the affinity sorbent. Thus identified brain isatin-binding proteins of the control animals obviously represent specific targets that interact directly with isatin (and also with deprenyl) <i>in vivo</i>. Isatin or deprenyl administered to animals interact with these proteins and thus inhibit their binding to the affinity sorbent (immobilized isatin analogue).
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Kapitsa
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Ivanova
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A T Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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