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Hervás M, Navajas R, Chagoyen M, García JA, Martínez-Turiño S. Phosphorylation-Related Crosstalk Between Distant Regions of the Core Region of the Coat Protein Contributes to Virion Assembly of Plum Pox Virus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:653-667. [PMID: 31859600 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-19-0305-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic proteins are often targets of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Capsid protein (CP) of plum pox virus (PPV), a member of genus Potyvirus, has been reported to be prone to phosphorylation in four serines at the N-terminal region. CP phosphorylation has been proposed to influence PPV infection by regulating CP accumulation in coordination with a second PTM, O-GlcNAcylation. In this study, a further proteomic characterization of PPV CP phosphorylation revealed additional phospho-targets, thus evidencing even greater complexity of the network of PTMs affecting this protein. In particular, two new phosphorylation targets, T254 and T313, at protein distal core, appear to be highly relevant for infection. Although abolishing phosphorylation at these positions does not have a severe effect on infectivity or viral accumulation, phospho-mimicking at either of these targets disrupts cell-to-cell movement. Strand-specific reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis and fractionation by centrifugation in a continuous sucrose gradient enabled us to conclude that such a deleterious effect is not related to failures in replication but is a consequence of inaccurate virion assembly. The analysis of spontaneous compensatory mutations at the CP core identified in a multiple phospho-mimicking mutant disclosed a functional dialogue between distant phospho-targets, which was further supported by an in silico PPV virion model, built on the watermelon mosaic virus atomic structure. Therefore, whereas joint and opposite action of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation at the N-terminal disordered protrusion of CP appears to regulate protein stability, we propose that phosphorylations at the core region control assembly and disassembly of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hervás
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Proteomics Unit, CNB-CSIC, ProteoRed ISCIII, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Mónica Chagoyen
- Computational Systems Biology Group, CNB-CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sandra Martínez-Turiño
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Hervás M, Ciordia S, Navajas R, García JA, Martínez-Turiño S. Common and Strain-Specific Post-Translational Modifications of the Potyvirus Plum pox virus Coat Protein in Different Hosts. Viruses 2020; 12:E308. [PMID: 32178365 PMCID: PMC7150786 DOI: 10.3390/v12030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation are widespread post-translational modifications (PTMs), often sharing protein targets. Numerous studies have reported the phosphorylation of plant viral proteins. In plants, research on O-GlcNAcylation lags behind that of other eukaryotes, and information about O-GlcNAcylated plant viral proteins is extremely scarce. The potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV) causes sharka disease in Prunus trees and also infects a wide range of experimental hosts. Capsid protein (CP) from virions of PPV-R isolate purified from herbaceous plants can be extensively modified by O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. In this study, a combination of proteomics and biochemical approaches was employed to broaden knowledge of PPV CP PTMs. CP proved to be modified regardless of whether or not it was assembled into mature particles. PTMs of CP occurred in the natural host Prunus persica, similarly to what happens in herbaceous plants. Additionally, we observed that O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation were general features of different PPV strains, suggesting that these modifications contribute to general strategies deployed during plant-virus interactions. Interestingly, phosphorylation at a casein kinase II motif conserved among potyviral CPs exhibited strain specificity in PPV; however, it did not display the critical role attributed to the same modification in the CP of another potyvirus, Potato virus A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hervás
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), ProteoRed ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), ProteoRed ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (R.N.)
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Martínez-Turiño
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Fathi A, Dahlke C, Addo MM. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccines for WHO blueprint priority pathogens. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2269-2285. [PMID: 31368826 PMCID: PMC6816421 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1649532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The devastating Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa in 2013-2016 has flagged the need for the timely development of vaccines for high-threat pathogens. To be better prepared for new epidemics, the WHO has compiled a list of priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which R&D efforts are, therefore, paramount (R&D Blueprint: https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/ ). To this end, the detailed characterization of vaccine platforms is needed. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been established as a robust vaccine vector backbone for infectious diseases for well over a decade. The recent clinical trials testing the vaccine candidate VSV-EBOV against EBOV disease now have added a substantial amount of clinical data and suggest VSV to be an ideal vaccine vector candidate for outbreak pathogens. In this review, we discuss insights gained from the clinical VSV-EBOV vaccine trials as well as from animal studies investigating vaccine candidates for Blueprint pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Fathi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems , Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems , Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems , Germany
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4
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Kamenova I, Borisova A. Update on Distribution and Genetic Variability of Plum pox virus Strains in Bulgaria. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:243-256. [PMID: 31244570 PMCID: PMC6586188 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2018.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Field surveys for Plum pox virus (PPV) infection were conducted in stone fruit orchards all over Bulgaria. In total, 1168 out of 3020 leaf samples from cultivated Prunus spp. and wildly growing P. cerasifera trees reacted positive for PPV in DASI-ELISA with the universal monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5B. Further ELISA analyses showed that 987 and 127 isolates belonged to PPV-M and PPV-D serotypes, respectively. The plum and P. cerasifera showed 82.0% and 50.5% levels of infection, respectively followed by the peach (40.0%) and the apricot (32.0%). Five hundred fifty one PPV isolates were further typed by IC-RT-PCR with PPV-Rec, -M and -D-specific primers, targeting (Cter)NIb-(Nter) CP genome region, as 125 isolates were sequenced. The results revealed the presence of PPV-Rec, PPV-M and PPV-D and mixed infections of these strains. PPV-Rec was the most prevalent strain (49.0%), followed by PPV-M (40.1%), while PPV-D was the less spread strain (8.2%). PPV-Rec was the most common strain in plums, including the eight "old-aged" trees from the region of the first Sharka discovery. PPV-M was the most prevalent strain in peach and apricot. Phylogenetic analyses on (Cter)NIb-(Nter)CP of the isolates were performed. PPV-Rec isolates formed a homogeneous group, while PPV-M isolates split into PPV-Ma and PPV-Mb subgroups. Five separated clades were formed by the analyzed PPV-D isolates. Nucleotide sequences of the partial CP coding region of the analyzed isolates revealed a slightly higher intra-strain genetic variability in PPV-Rec and PPV-M isolates, while that of PPV-D strain isolates was higher from the reported for these strains.
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Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Wojtyniak P, Struzik J, Toka FN, Winnicka A, Gieryńska M. ECTV Abolishes the Ability of GM-BM Cells to Stimulate Allogeneic CD4 T Cells in a Mouse Strain-Independent Manner. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:392-409. [PMID: 30884992 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1569676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is the etiological agent of mousepox, an acute and systemic disease with high mortality rates in susceptible strains of mice. Resistance and susceptibility to mousepox are triggered by the dichotomous T-helper (Th) immune response generated in infected animals, with strong protective Th1 or nonprotective Th2 profile, respectively. Th1/Th2 balance is influenced by dendritic cells (DCs), which were shown to differ in their ability to polarize naïve CD4+ T cells in different mouse strains. Therefore, we have studied the inner-strain differences in the ability of conventional DCs (cDCs), generated from resistant (C57BL/6) and susceptible (BALB/c) mice, to stimulate proliferation and activation of Th cells upon ECTV infection. We found that ECTV infection of GM-CSF-derived bone marrow (GM-BM) cells, composed of cDCs and macrophages, affected initiation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells proliferation in a mouse strain-independent manner. Moreover, infected GM-BM cells from both mouse strains failed to induce and even inhibited the production of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines by allogeneic CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that in in vitro conditions ECTV compromises the ability of cDCs to initiate/polarize adaptive antiviral immune response independently of the host strain resistance/susceptibility to lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- a Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Wojtyniak
- a Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Justyna Struzik
- a Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Felix N Toka
- a Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland.,b Center for Integrative Mammalian Research , Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine , Basseterre, St. Kitts , West Indies
| | - Anna Winnicka
- c Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gieryńska
- a Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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Martínez‐Turiño S, Pérez JDJ, Hervás M, Navajas R, Ciordia S, Udeshi ND, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, García JA. Phosphorylation coexists with O-GlcNAcylation in a plant virus protein and influences viral infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1427-1443. [PMID: 29024291 PMCID: PMC5895533 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation are two widespread post-translational modifications (PTMs), often affecting the same eukaryotic target protein. Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus which infects a wide range of plant species. O-GlcNAcylation of the capsid protein (CP) of PPV has been studied extensively, and some evidence of CP phosphorylation has also been reported. Here, we use proteomics analyses to demonstrate that PPV CP is phosphorylated in vivo at the N-terminus and the beginning of the core region. In contrast with the 'yin-yang' mechanism that applies to some mammalian proteins, PPV CP phosphorylation affects residues different from those that are O-GlcNAcylated (serines Ser-25, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Ser-118). Our findings show that PPV CP can be concurrently phosphorylated and O-GlcNAcylated at nearby residues. However, an analysis using a differential proteomics strategy based on iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) showed a significant enhancement of phosphorylation at Ser-25 in virions recovered from O-GlcNAcylation-deficient plants, suggesting that crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation in PPV CP takes place. Although the preclusion of phosphorylation at the four identified phosphotarget sites only had a limited impact on viral infection, the mimicking of phosphorylation prevents PPV infection in Prunus persica and weakens infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and other herbaceous hosts, prompting the emergence of potentially compensatory second mutations. We postulate that the joint action of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation in the N-proximal segment of CP allows a fine-tuning of protein stability, providing the amount of CP required in each step of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez‐Turiño
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain
| | - José De Jesús Pérez
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain
- Present address:
División de Biología MolecularInstituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C.Camino a la Presa San José 2055San Luis PotosíSLPMéxico
| | - Marta Hervás
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Proteomics UnitCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), ProteoRed ISCIIIMadrid 28049Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Proteomics UnitCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), ProteoRed ISCIIIMadrid 28049Spain
| | - Namrata D. Udeshi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA
- Present address:
Proteomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Room 5033CambridgeMA 02142USA
| | | | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904USA
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain
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Charon J, Theil S, Nicaise V, Michon T. Protein intrinsic disorder within the Potyvirus genus: from proteome-wide analysis to functional annotation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:634-52. [PMID: 26699268 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within proteins, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are devoid of stable secondary and tertiary structures under physiological conditions and rather exist as dynamic ensembles of inter-converting conformers. Although ubiquitous in all domains of life, the intrinsic disorder content is highly variable in viral genomes. Over the years, functional annotations of disordered regions at the scale of the whole proteome have been conducted for several animal viruses. But to date, similar studies applied to plant viruses are still missing. Based on disorder prediction tools combined with annotation programs and evolutionary studies, we analyzed the intrinsic disorder content in Potyvirus, using a 10-species dataset representative of this genus diversity. In this paper, we revealed that: (i) the Potyvirus proteome displays high disorder content, (ii) disorder is conserved during Potyvirus evolution, suggesting a functional advantage of IDRs, (iii) IDRs evolve faster than ordered regions, and (iv) IDRs may be associated with major biological functions required for the Potyvirus cycle. Notably, the proteins P1, Coat protein (CP) and Viral genome-linked protein (VPg) display a high content of conserved disorder, enriched in specific motifs mimicking eukaryotic functional modules and suggesting strategies of host machinery hijacking. In these three proteins, IDRs are particularly conserved despite their high amino acid polymorphism, indicating a link to adaptive processes. Through this comprehensive study, we further investigate the biological relevance of intrinsic disorder in Potyvirus biology and we propose a functional annotation of potyviral proteome IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Charon
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Theil
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Valérie Nicaise
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Thierry Michon
- UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France. and UMR Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
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Abstract
Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are also seed transmitted. As important pathogens, potyviruses are much more studied than other plant viruses belonging to other genera and their study covers many aspects of plant virology, such as functional characterization of viral proteins, molecular interaction with hosts and vectors, structure, taxonomy, evolution, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Biotechnological applications of potyviruses are also being explored. During this last decade, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular biology of these viruses and the functions of their various proteins. After a general presentation on the family Potyviridae and the potyviral proteins, we present an update of the knowledge on potyvirus multiplication, movement, and transmission and on potyvirus/plant compatible interactions including pathogenicity and symptom determinants. We end the review providing information on biotechnological applications of potyviruses.
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García JA, Glasa M, Cambra M, Candresse T. Plum pox virus and sharka: a model potyvirus and a major disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:226-41. [PMID: 24102673 PMCID: PMC6638681 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. PPV diversity is structured into at least eight monophyletic strains. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION First discovered in Bulgaria, PPV is nowadays present in most of continental Europe (with an endemic status in many central and southern European countries) and has progressively spread to many countries on other continents. GENOMIC STRUCTURE Typical of potyviruses, the PPV genome is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), with a protein linked to its 5' end and a 3'-terminal poly A tail. It is encapsidated by a single type of capsid protein (CP) in flexuous rod particles and is translated into a large polyprotein which is proteolytically processed in at least 10 final products: P1, HCPro, P3, 6K1, CI, 6K2, VPg, NIapro, NIb and CP. In addition, P3N-PIPO is predicted to be produced by a translational frameshift. PATHOGENICITY FEATURES PPV causes sharka, the most damaging viral disease of stone fruit trees. It also infects wild and ornamental Prunus trees and has a large experimental host range in herbaceous species. PPV spreads over long distances by uncontrolled movement of plant material, and many species of aphid transmit the virus locally in a nonpersistent manner. SOURCES OF RESISTANCE A few natural sources of resistance to PPV have been found so far in Prunus species, which are being used in classical breeding programmes. Different genetic engineering approaches are being used to generate resistance to PPV, and a transgenic plum, 'HoneySweet', transformed with the viral CP gene, has demonstrated high resistance to PPV in field tests in several countries and has obtained regulatory approval in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio García
- Departmento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Sheveleva A, Ivanov P, Prihodko Y, James D, Chirkov S. Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Winona-Like Plum pox virus Isolates in Russia. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:1135-1142. [PMID: 30727054 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-11-1045-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In studying the distribution and genetic diversity of Plum pox virus (PPV) in Russia, over a dozen new PPV isolates belonging to the strain Winona (PPV-W) were identified by immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with the PPV-W-specific primers 3174-SP-F3/3174-SP-R1. Isolates were detected in two geographically distant regions of European Russia (Northern Caucasus and Moscow regions) in naturally infected plum (Prunus domestica), blackthorn (P. spinosa), Canadian plum (P. nigra), and downy cherry (P. tomentosa). The new PPV-W isolates were shown to be serologically related but not identical by triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analysis using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5B-IVIA and MAbs specific to the N-terminal epitopes of PPV-W isolate 3174. Analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the (C-ter)NIb-(N-ter)CP genome region indicate great genetic diversity among isolates, with phylogenetic analysis revealing seven clades. Isolates P1 and P3 found in plum in the south of Russia clustered closely with the putative ancestral PPV-W isolate LV-145bt from Latvia, while isolate 1410-7 found in P. nigra in Moscow appears to be closely related to the Canadian isolate W3174. The data obtained indicate wide dissemination of PPV-W isolate in stone fruit in the European part of the former USSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sheveleva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - Peter Ivanov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - Yuri Prihodko
- All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Delano James
- Sidney Laboratory-Centre for Plant Health, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8801 East Saanich Road, Sidney, BC, V8L 1H3, Canada
| | - Sergei Chirkov
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University
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Nagyová A, Kamencayová M, Glasa M, Subr ZW. The 3'-proximal part of the Plum pox virus P1 gene determinates the symptom expression in two herbaceous host plants. Virus Genes 2012; 44:505-12. [PMID: 22367316 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Three major strains of the Plum pox virus (PPV) are the most important in Europe: PPV-D, PPV-M, and PPV-Rec. By combining the genomes of two different strains of PPV (PPV-D with PPV-Rec; PPV-D with PPV-M), 20 inter-strain chimeric infectious clones (CICPPV) were constructed. Biological properties of CICPPV were tested by inoculating them on different herbaceous host species susceptible to PPV. Four of the seven species tested, exhibited visible symptoms. In Nicotiana benthamiana all CICPPV induced systemic mosaic and leaf malformation. Pisum sativum showed a broad range of symptom severity (systemic chlorotic and necrotic lesions) but neither qualitative nor quantitative aspects of symptomatology were related to a single PPV genome locus. Nicotiana occidentalis and Nicandra physaloides proved to be suitable for symptom-based differentiation. Depending on the virus strain/chimera, N. occidentalis showed two types of symptoms: mild systemic chlorotic spots or local necrotic lesions/systemic vein necroses. N. physaloides reacted to the PPV infection either symptomless or by local necrotic lesions. Our results demonstrated that the P1/HC-pro region of the PPV genome appears to be the determinant of the symptom manifestation in these host plants. In silico analysis mapped it to the 3'-proximal part of the P1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžbeta Nagyová
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
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