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Rahman R, Rahman S, Afrad MMH, Talha M, Islam D, Uddin KMM, Ahmed S, Afrad MH, Faruque ASG, Hossian ME, Rahman M. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human sapovirus among hospitalized acute diarrhea patients in Bangladesh, 2012-2015. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6220-6228. [PMID: 34081341 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human sapovirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis, is not well studied and poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the contribution of sapovirus in diarrhea, their clinical association, and genotypic diversity. Fecal specimens (n = 871) were randomly selected from diarrheal patients who attended International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2012-December 2015 and tested for the presence of sapovirus RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sapovirus RNA was identified in 2.3% (n = 20) of the samples. Seventy-five percent of the sapovirus positive cases were coinfected with other pathogens, such as rotavirus, norovirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, adenovirus, Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae. A vast genetic diversity was observed among sapovirus with at least seven common genotypes (GI.1, GI.2, GI.7, GII.1, GII.4, GII.6, and GIV), and a new genotype GII.NA1. Some of the GI.1 strains detected were similar to GI.4 in the polymerase region sequence and were confirmed as recombinant strains. Our findings suggest that the overall contribution of sapovirus in hospitalized diarrheal illness is low but highlight enormous genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajibur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sezanur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md M H Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Talha
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deen Islam
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Main Uddin
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mokibul H Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu S G Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad E Hossian
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR), Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Genomic Analyses of Human Sapoviruses Detected over a 40-Year Period Reveal Disparate Patterns of Evolution among Genotypes and Genome Regions. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050516. [PMID: 32392864 PMCID: PMC7290424 DOI: 10.3390/v12050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sapovirus is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups. The use of full-length viral genomes has proven beneficial to investigate evolutionary dynamics and transmission chains. In this study, we developed a full-length genome sequencing platform for human sapovirus and sequenced the oldest available strains (collected in the 1970s) to analyse diversification of sapoviruses. Sequence analyses from five major genotypes (GI.1, GI.2, GII.1, GII.3, and GIV.1) showed limited intra-genotypic diversification for over 20–40 years. The accumulation of amino acid mutations in VP1 was detected for GI.2 and GIV.1 viruses, while having a similar rate of nucleotide evolution to the other genotypes. Differences in the phylogenetic clustering were detected between RdRp and VP1 sequences of our archival strains as well as other reported putative recombinants. However, the lack of the parental strains and differences in diversification among genomic regions suggest that discrepancies in the phylogenetic clustering of sapoviruses could be explained, not only by recombination, but also by disparate nucleotide substitution patterns between RdRp and VP1 sequences. Together, this study shows that, contrary to noroviruses, sapoviruses present limited diversification by means of intra-genotype variation and recombination.
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Makhaola K, Moyo S, Kebaabetswe LP. Distribution and Genetic Variability of Sapoviruses in Africa. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050490. [PMID: 32349380 PMCID: PMC7291139 DOI: 10.3390/v12050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the distribution and genetic diversity of sapoviruses detected among humans, animals and the environment in African countries. Databases were searched for studies conducted in African countries and published between Jan 2005 and Mar 2019. Only studies where RT- PCR was used for initial detection were included in the systematic review. We identified 27 studies from 14 African countries with 18 focused on human sapoviruses, two on animal sapoviruses and seven on sapoviruses observed in the environment. Samples. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of human sapovirus infections among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was similar at 5.0% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.0–7.0) and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.0–3.0), respectively. In environmental samples sapovirus detection rates ranged from 0% to 90% while in animal studies it was 1.7% to 34.8%. Multiple causes of gastroenteritis, sensitivity of detection method used, diversity of sapovirus strains and rotavirus vaccine coverage rate are some of the factors that could have contributed to the wide range of sapovirus detection rates that were reported. The studies reported human genogroups GI, GII, and GIV, with genogroup GI being the most prevalent. Some potential novel strains were detected from animal samples. Most studies genotyped a small portion of either the capsid and/or polymerase region. However, this is a limitation as it does not allow for detection of recombinants that occur frequently in sapoviruses. More studies with harmonized genotyping protocols that cover longer ranges of the sapovirus genome are needed to provide more information on the genomic characterization of sapoviruses circulating in African countries. Further investigations on animal to human transmission for sapoviruses are needed as inter-species transmissions have been documented for other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso Makhaola
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lemme P. Kebaabetswe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- Correspondence:
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Reymão TKA, Hernandez JDM, Costa STPD, Sousa MSD, Oliveira DDS, Silva LDD, Bandeira RDS, Lima ICGD, Soares LDS, Mascarenhas JDP, Gabbay YB. SAPOVIRUSES IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS FROM MANAUS , AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL, 2010-2011. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:81. [PMID: 27828622 PMCID: PMC5096635 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sapoviruses (SaVs) are responsible for acute gastroenteritis in humans, especially children and the elderly. In Brazil, data on SaVs infections are very limited, especially in Northern Brazil. Here, we investigated the occurrence of SaVs in samples from hospitalized children under ten years old that presented acute gastroenteritis. Positive samples were genotyped and phylogenetic analysis was performed using prototype strains sequences obtained from GenBank database. In total, 156 fecal samples were screened by RT-PCR for SaVs. A positivity rate of 3.8% (6/156) was found in children under three years of age. Four genotypes were detected: GI.I, GI.2 and GII.2?-GII.4?/GII.4, suggesting a possible inter-genotypes recombination. Most infections (83.3%) occurred between August and September. The positivity was similar to that found in other countries and genotyping demonstrated the presence of distinct genotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the circulation of SaVs in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Amazon region, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maísa Silva de Sousa
- Federal University of Pará, Tropical Medicine Center, Postgraduate Program in Tropical Diseases. Belém, Pará, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Darleise de Souza Oliveira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Luciana Damascena da Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Renato da Silva Bandeira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Ian Carlos Gomes de Lima
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Luana da Silva Soares
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | | | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Virology Section. Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
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Jun Q, Lulu T, Qingling M, Xingxing Z, Haiting L, Shasha G, Zibing C, Xuepeng C, Jinsheng Z, Zaichao Z, Kuojun C, Chuangfu C. Serological and molecular investigation of porcine sapovirus infection in piglets in Xinjiang, China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:863-9. [PMID: 26898687 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) is one of the important pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis in piglets. A survey on the infection and epidemic status of PoSaV in Xinjiang Province, Northwest China, was conducted in this study. We applied indirect viral protein 1 (VP1)-ELISA method to detect specific antibodies in 1218 serum samples of 3-month-old piglets collected from eight regions in Xinjiang during 2013-2014 and also detected PoSaV in 146 diarrhea stools of piglets in these eight regions using RT-PCR technology. The results showed that the PoSaV-serological positive rates in piglets in eight different regions in Xinjiang were between 32.82 and 47.06% with a mean rate of 37.68%. The average positive rate of PCR in stools of piglets was 3.42%. Sequencing and comparative analysis of five PCR-amplified DNA fragments revealed that four epidemic strains of PoSaV (swine/XJ-KO1, swine/XJ-AK2, swine/XJ-KS1, and swine/XJ-SHZ1) shared high nucleotide and amino acid identities with Cowden strain, while strain swine/XJ-AK1 shared higher high identities with Po/OH-JJ681/2000/US isolate. Phylogenetic clustering further verified that the epidemic strains of PoSaVs, i.e., swine/XJ-KO1, swine/XJ-AK2, swine/XJ-KS1, and swine/XJ-SHZ1, belong to genogroup (GIII) while swine/XJ-AK1 belongs to GVI. This survey confirmed for the first time that PoSaV infection was common in piglets in Xinjiang, China, and that the epidemic strains exist at least in both GIII and GVI clusters. This study provided the useful epidemiological data for scientific control and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Jun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Tian Lulu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Meng Qingling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
| | - Zhang Xingxing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Lu Haiting
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Gong Shasha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Cheng Zibing
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Tacheng, Xinjiang, 834700, China
| | - Cai Xuepeng
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, China
| | - Zhang Jinsheng
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Tacheng, Xinjiang, 834700, China
| | - Zhang Zaichao
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Cai Kuojun
- Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Chen Chuangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
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Sisay Z, Wang Q, Oka T, Saif L. Prevalence and molecular characterization of porcine enteric caliciviruses and first detection of porcine kobuviruses in US swine. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1583-8. [PMID: 23456421 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of porcine sapoviruses (SaVs) and noroviruses (NoVs) in nursing piglets on three pig farms in Ohio was studied. Fecal samples (n = 139) were collected from individual pigs and screened for caliciviruses by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using partial sequences of the RNA polymerase region. Three different SaV genogroups, including a newly emerging one (DO19 Korea-like) were detected. No NoVs were detected. Kobuviruses, emerging members of the family Picornaviridae, were detected by primers designed for SaV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of porcine DO19 Korea-like SaV and kobuvirus in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufan Sisay
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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