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Shushan A, Luria N, Lachman O, Sela N, Laskar O, Belausov E, Smith E, Dombrovsky A. Characterization of a novel psyllid-transmitted waikavirus in carrots. Virus Res 2023; 335:199192. [PMID: 37558054 PMCID: PMC10448213 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Carrots collected from the Western Negev region in Israel during the winter of 2019 showed disease symptoms of chlorosis, leaf curling, a loss of apical dominance, and multiple lateral roots that were not associated with known pathogens of the carrot yellows disease. Symptomatic carrots were studied for a possible involvement of plant viruses in disease manifestations using high throughput sequencing analyses. The results revealed the presence of a waikavirus, sharing a ∼70% nucleotide sequence identity with Waikavirus genus members. Virions purified from waikavirus-positive carrots were visualized by transmission electron microscopy, showing icosahedral particle diameter of ∼28 nm. The genome sequence was validated by overlapping amplicons by designed 12 primer sets. A complete genome sequence was achieved by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for sequencing the 5' end, and RT-PCR with oligo dT for sequencing the 3' end. The genome encodes a single large ORF, characteristic of waikaviruses. Aligning the waikavirus-deduced amino-acid sequence with other waikavirus species at the Pro-Pol region, a conserved sequence between the putative proteinase and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, showed a ∼40% identity, indicating the identification of a new waikavirus species. The amino-acid sequence of the three coat proteins and cleavage sites were experimentally determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A phylogenetic analysis based on the Pro-Pol region revealed that the new waikavirus clusters with persimmon waikavirus and actinidia yellowing virus 1. The new waikavirus genome was localized in the phloem of waikavirus-infected carrots. The virus was transmitted to carrot and coriander plants by the psyllid Bactericera trigonica Hodkinson (Hemiptera: Triozidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shushan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Oded Lachman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Bioinformatics Unit, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Orly Laskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O.B 19, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Elisheva Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeTsiyon 7528809, Israel.
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Svanella-Dumas L, Tsarmpopoulos I, Marais A, Faure C, Theil S, Glasa M, Predajna L, Gaudin J, Tian S, Porcher L, Gentit P, De Oliveira ML, Krause-Sakate R, Candresse T. Molecular and Biological Characterization of Novel and Known Family Secoviridae Members Infecting Lettuce. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1595-1604. [PMID: 37081712 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0095-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing of two lettuces showing virus-like symptoms in France provided evidence of infection by members of the family Secoviridae. One plant (JG1) had a complex mixed infection that involved, among others, a novel waikavirus (lettuce waikavirus 1) and two isolates of a sequivirus related to lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV). The second lettuce plant (JG2) was singly infected by LeMoV. Complete genomic sequences were obtained for all four isolates and, in addition, near complete genome sequences were obtained for other LeMoV or LeMoV-related isolates (from French cultivated and wild lettuces and from a Brazilian cultivated lettuce) and for two isolates of another family Asteraceae-infecting sequivirus, dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV). Analysis of these genomic sequences allows the proposal of tentative genome organization for the various viruses and clarification of their phylogenetic relationships. Sequence and host range comparisons point to significant differences between the two sequivirus isolates identified in the JG1 plant and LeMoV isolates from France and Brazil, suggesting they belong to a novel species for which the name lettuce star mosaic virus is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Svanella-Dumas
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Iason Tsarmpopoulos
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Armelle Marais
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Faure
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Theil
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukas Predajna
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jonathan Gaudin
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Sixing Tian
- ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, Unité de Bactériologie, Virologie et détection des OGM, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Laëtitia Porcher
- ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, Unité de Bactériologie, Virologie et détection des OGM, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Gentit
- ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory, Unité de Bactériologie, Virologie et détection des OGM, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Milena Leite De Oliveira
- Laboratorio Central Multisuarios (LACEM), Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thierry Candresse
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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Weng J, Wu M, Ye Z, Wang L, Ke B, Huang C, Lu Y, Peng J, Lin L, Rao S, Wu G, Chen J, Zheng H, Yan F. Complete nucleotide sequence of hackberry virus A, a tentative member of the genus Waikavirus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:137. [PMID: 37043037 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The complete genomic sequence of a waikavirus from Chinese hackberry in Zhejiang province, China, named "hackberry virus A" (HVA), was determined using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The bicistronic genomic RNA of HVA was found to consist of 12,691 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, and to encode a large polyprotein of 3783 amino acids (aa) and an additional 10.3-kDa protein. The aa sequences of the Pro-Pol and the CP regions of this virus share 39.8-44.2% and 25.5-36.4% identity, respectively, with currently known waikaviruses. These values are significantly below the current species demarcation threshold (< 75% and < 80% aa identity for the CP and Pro-Pol region, respectively) for the family Secoviridae, indicating that HVA represents a new species in the genus Waikavirus. This is the first report of a virus infecting Chinese hackberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhuangxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bin Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chanchan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guanwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Complete nucleotide sequence of sweetbriar rose curly-top associated virus, a tentative member of the genus Waikavirus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:651-654. [PMID: 35043228 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel virus, tentatively named "sweetbriar rose curly-top associated virus" (SRCTaV), was identified in sweetbriar rose (Rosa rubiginosa) using high-throughput sequencing. The complete genome sequence of SRCTaV was determined and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SRCTaV is closely related to members of the genus Waikavirus.
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Stewart LR, Willman M, Marty D, Cole AE, Willie K. Critical residues for proteolysis activity of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) 3C-like protease and comparison of activity of orthologous waikavirus proteases. Virology 2021; 567:57-64. [PMID: 34998226 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) encodes a 3C-like protease that cleaves the N-terminal polyprotein (R78) as previously demonstrated. Here, we examined amino acid residues required for catalytic activity of the protease, including those in the predicted catalytic triad, amino acid residues H2667, D2704, and C2798, as well as H2817 hypothesized to be important in substrate binding. These and other residues were targeted for mutagenesis and tested for proteolytic cleavage activity on the N-terminal 78 kDa MCDV-S polyprotein substrate to identify mutants that abolished catalytic activity. Mutations that altered the predicted catalytic triad residues and H2817 disrupted MCDV-S protease activity, as did mutagenesis of a conserved tyrosine residue, Y2774. The protease activity and R78 cleavage of orthologs from divergent MCDV isolates MCDV-Tn and MCDV-M1, and other waikavirus species including rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and bellflower vein chlorosis virus (BVCV) were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Stewart
- USDA ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Matthew Willman
- USDA ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - DeeMarie Marty
- USDA ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | | | - Kristen Willie
- USDA ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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Complete genome sequence of camellia virus A, a tentative new member of the genus Waikavirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3207-3210. [PMID: 34480637 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new positive-strand RNA virus genome was discovered in Camellia japonica plants. The complete genome of the virus is 12,570 nt in size, excluding the poly(A) tail, and contains one large open reading frame (ORF1) and two small open reading frames (ORF2, ORF3). ORF1 and ORF2 are homologous to sequences of waikaviruses, while ORF3 has no relatives in the databases. ORF1 encodes a putative polyprotein precursor that is putatively processed into eight smaller proteins, as in typical waikaviruses. Comprehensive analysis, including BLAST searches, genome organization and pairwise sequence comparisons, and phylogeny reconstructions, invariably placed the virus with the waikaviruses. Furthermore, due to lower amino acid sequence identity to known waikaviruses than the threshold species demarcation cutoff, this virus may represent a new species in the genus Waikavirus, family Secoviridae, and we have tentatively named it "camellia virus A" (CamVA). Finally, a field survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of CamVA in camellias and its associated symptoms.
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The Triticum Mosaic Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site Relies on a Picornavirus-Like YX-AUG Motif To Designate the Preferred Translation Initiation Site and To Likely Target the 18S rRNA. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01705-18. [PMID: 30541835 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01705-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several viruses encode an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at the 5' end of their RNA, which, unlike most cellular mRNAs, initiates translation in the absence of a 5' m7GpppG cap. Here, we report a uniquely regulated translation enhancer found in the 739-nucelotide (nt) sequence of the Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) leader sequence that distinguishes the preferred initiation site from a plethora of IRES-encoded AUG triplets. Through deletion mutations of the TriMV 5' untranslated region (UTR), we show that the TriMV 5' UTR encodes a cis-acting picornaviral Y16-X11-AUG-like motif with a 16-nt polypyrimidine CU-tract (Y16), at a precise, 11-nt distance (X11) from the preferred 13th AUG. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that this motif is conserved among potyviral leader sequences with multiple AUGs. Consistent with a broadly conserved mechanism, the motif could be functionally replaced with known picornavirus YX-AUG motifs and is predicted to function as target sites for the 18S rRNA by direct base pairing. Accordingly, mutations that disrupted overall complementarity to the 18S rRNA markedly reduced TriMV IRES activity, as did the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides designed to block YX-AUG accessibility. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant viral IRES YX-AUG motif, and our findings suggest that a conserved mechanism regulates translation for multiple economically important plant and animal positive single-stranded RNA viruses.IMPORTANCE Uncapped viral RNAs often rely on their 5' leader sequences to initiate translation, and the Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) devotes an astonishing 7% of its genome to directing ribosomes to the correct AUG. Here we uncover a novel mechanism by which a TriMV cis-regulatory element controls cap-independent translation. The upstream region of the functional AUG contains a 16-nt polypyrimidine tract located 11 nt from the initiation site. Based on functional redundancy with similar motifs derived from human picornaviruses, the motif is likely to operate by directing ribosome targeting through base pairing with 18S rRNA. Our results provide the first report of a broad-spectrum mechanism regulating translation initiation for both plant- and animal-hosted picornaviruses.
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Koloniuk I, Fránová J. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of red clover associated virus 1 (RCaV1), a putative member of the genus Waikavirus (family Secoviridae, order Picornavirales). Arch Virol 2018; 163:3447-3449. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Seo JK, Kim MK, Kwak HR, Kim JS, Choi HS. Complete genome sequence of longan witches' broom-associated virus, a novel member of the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2885-2889. [PMID: 28501954 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a new virus isolated from a longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) plant showing witches' broom syndrome was determined. The viral genome is composed of a monopartite single-stranded RNA of 9,428 nucleotides excluding the 3' poly(A) tail and contains one large single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3086 amino acids. BLAST searches of protein databases showed that the encoded polyprotein has a maximum amino acid sequence identity of 35% (with 85% coverage) to that of the isolate Minnesota of rose yellow mosaic virus (RoYMV; family Potyviridae; genus not assigned). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the genome and encoded protein sequences showed that the identified virus has the general features that are characteristic of members of the family Potyviridae although it has extremely low sequence similarity to known members of the family Potyviridae. The name longan witches' broom-associated virus (LWBaV) is proposed for this new virus, which may be considered a member of a new genus in the family Potyviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of International Agricultural Technology and Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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The complete genome sequence of a novel virus, bellflower veinal mottle virus, suggests the existence of a new genus within the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2457-2461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stewart LR, Jarugula S, Zhao Y, Qu F, Marty D. Identification of a maize chlorotic dwarf virus silencing suppressor protein. Virology 2017; 504:88-95. [PMID: 28160664 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), a member of the genus Waikavirus, family Secoviridae, has a 11784 nt (+)ssRNA genome that encodes a 389kDa proteolytically processed polyprotein. We show that the N-terminal 78kDa polyprotein (R78) of MCDV acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing in a well-established assay system. We further demonstrate that R78 is cleaved by the viral 3C-like protease into 51 and 27kDa proteins (p51 and p27), and that p51 is responsible for silencing suppressor activity. Silencing suppressor activity of R78 is conserved in three divergent MCDV strains (MCDV-Severe, MCDV-M1, and MCDV-Tennessee), as well as the waikavirus Bellflower vein chlorosis virus, but was not detected for orthologous protein of Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV-A) or the similarly-positioned protein from the sequivirus Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV). This is the first identification of a virus suppressor of RNA silencing encoded by a waikavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Stewart
- USDA-ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Sridhar Jarugula
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Yujing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - DeeMarie Marty
- USDA-ARS Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, USA
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