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A Novel Role of Secretory Cytosolic Tryparedoxin Peroxidase in Delaying Apoptosis of Leishmania-Infected Macrophages. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0008122. [PMID: 36073913 PMCID: PMC9583715 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00081-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (cTXNPx) of Leishmania donovani is a defensive enzyme. Apart from the nonsecretory form, the cTXNPx is released in the spent media of Leishmania cultures and also in the host cell cytosol. The secretory form of the enzyme from the parasite interacts with multiple proteins in the host cell cytosol, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) being one of them. Immunoprecipitation with anti-cTXNPx and anti-AIF antibodies suggests a strong interaction between AIF and cTXNPx. Consequent to parasite invasion, the migration of AIF to the nucleus to precipitate apoptosis is inhibited in the presence of recombinant cTXNPx expressed in the host cell. This inhibition of AIF movement results in lesser host cell death, giving an advantage to the parasite for continued survival. Staurosporine-induced AIF migration to the nucleus was also inhibited in the presence of recombinant cTXNPx in the host cell. Therefore, this study demonstrates the ability of a Leishmania parasite enzyme, cTXNPx, to interfere with the migration of the host AIF protein, providing a survival advantage to the Leishmania parasite.
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2
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Verburg SG, Lelievre RM, Westerveld MJ, Inkol JM, Sun YL, Workenhe ST. Viral-mediated activation and inhibition of programmed cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010718. [PMID: 35951530 PMCID: PMC9371342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous intracellular genetic parasites that heavily rely on the infected cell to complete their replication life cycle. This dependency on the host machinery forces viruses to modulate a variety of cellular processes including cell survival and cell death. Viruses are known to activate and block almost all types of programmed cell death (PCD) known so far. Modulating PCD in infected hosts has a variety of direct and indirect effects on viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis following virus infection is widely studied, but several modalities of PCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and paraptosis, are relatively understudied. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which viruses activate and inhibit PCDs and suggest perspectives on how these affect viral pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Grace Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordon Marcus Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yi Lin Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samuel Tekeste Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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3
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Yan YQ, Jin LB, Wang Y, Lu SY, Pei YF, Zhu DW, Pang FS, Dong H, Hu GX. Goose parvovirus and the protein NS1 induce apoptosis through the AIF-mitochondrial pathway in goose embryo fibroblasts. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:68-76. [PMID: 33933710 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Goose parvovirus (GPV) infection as well as the possible role of NS1 protein on apoptosis induction in goose embryo fibroblast (GEF) cells were examined. Flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assays revealed that GPV infection and NS1 transfection induced significant apoptosis in GEF cells compared to what was observed in mock-infected cells. Interestingly, the increase in the rate of apoptosis detected in GPV-infected GEFs was accompanied by an increased viral load in the cells. In addition, the apoptotic pathway was mediated by apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs) and internal factors that influence the release of AIFs. The results indicated that the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and AIF expression was increased in the nucleus (P < 0.01). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased gradually within 48 h (P < 0.001). Cathepsin D activities were also increased (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that the AIF-mediated pathway is a new mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and that mitochondrial depolarization, ROS content, and cathepsin D activities are the key factors influencing apoptosis in GEF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China
| | - Li-Bo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130033, China
| | - Song-Yan Lu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yi-Feng Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China
| | - Dong-Wei Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China.
| | - Gui-Xue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang C, Fang F, Wang Y, Chang H, Chen Z, Chen P. Differential mitochondrial proteomic analysis of A549 cells infected with avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H9. Virol J 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 33602268 PMCID: PMC7891018 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been reported to cross species barriers to infect humans. H5N1 viruses can cause severe damage and are associated with a high mortality rate, but H9N2 viruses do not cause such outcomes. Our purpose was to use proteomics technology to study the differential expression of mitochondrial-related proteins related to H5N1 and H9N2 virus infections.
Methods According to the determined viral infection titer, A549 cells were infected with 1 multiplicity of infection virus, and the mitochondria were extracted after 24 h of incubation. The protein from lysed mitochondria was analyzed by the BCA method to determine the protein concentration, as well as SDS-PAGE (preliminary analysis), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Differential protein spots were selected, and Western blotting was performed to verify the proteomics results. The identified proteins were subjected to GO analysis for subcellular localization, KEGG analysis for functional classification and signaling pathways assessment, and STRING analysis for functional protein association network construction. Results In the 2-D gel electrophoresis analysis, 227 protein spots were detected in the H5N1-infected group, and 169 protein spots were detected in the H9N2-infected group. Protein spots were further subjected to mass spectrometry identification and removal of redundancy, and 32 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Compared with the H9N2 group, the H5N1-infected group had 16 upregulated mitochondrial proteins and 16 downregulated proteins. The differential expression of 70-kDa heat shock protein analogs, short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase was verified by Western blot, and the results were consistent with the proteomics findings. Functional analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in apoptosis and metabolism. Conclusions Compared with their expression in the H9N2 group, the differential expression of eight mitochondrial proteins in the H5N1 group led to host T cell activation, antigen presentation, stress response, ATP synthesis and cell apoptosis reduction, leading to higher pathogenicity of H5N1 than H9N2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01512-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Ze Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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5
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Chu X, Cheng L, Cai C. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 plays a protective role in bronchopulmonary dysplasia via the inhibition of apoptosis and interaction with the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:265-275. [PMID: 33708512 PMCID: PMC7944181 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory disease in premature infants and is characterized by alveolar and pulmonary vascular dysplasia. Long-term oxygen exposure can cause BPD in preterm infants. Numerous studies have shown that long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) is involved in the process of biological metabolism; however, its role in the development of BPD is unclear. Apoptosis-induced factor (AIF) is a key component involved in apoptosis. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) signaling pathway is a body-derived antioxidant signaling pathway. METHODS In this study, the relative expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), AIF, Keap1, and Nrf2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, the apoptosis of A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that, compared to the control group, the expression of MALAT1 increased significantly, and AIF decreased substantially in BPD premature infants. In the A549 hyperoxic lung injury model, compared with the air group, the expression of MALAT1 in the hyperoxia group decreased markedly, while the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 increased considerably. Furthermore, compared with the control plasmid transfection air group (NC group), the expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 increased significantly in the small interfering RNA (siRNA) group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that MALAT1 can play a protective role in BPD via the reduction of apoptosis and anti-oxidation, offering clinicians a new way to prevent and treat BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chu
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Lai Y, Wang M, Cheng A, Mao S, Ou X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Jia R, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhang S, Zhao XX, Huang J, Gao Q, Wang Y, Xu Z, Chen Z, Zhu L, Luo Q, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Tian B, Pan L, Rehman MU, Chen X. Regulation of Apoptosis by Enteroviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1145. [PMID: 32582091 PMCID: PMC7283464 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus infection can cause a variety of diseases and severely impair the health of humans, animals, poultry, and other organisms. To resist viral infection, host organisms clear infected cells and viruses via apoptosis. However, throughout their long-term competition with host cells, enteroviruses have evolved a series of mechanisms to regulate the balance of apoptosis in order to replicate and proliferate. In the early stage of infection, enteroviruses mainly inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and the autophagy pathway and by impairing cell sensors, thereby delaying viral replication. In the late stage of infection, enteroviruses mainly regulate apoptotic pathways and the host translation process via various viral proteins, ultimately inducing apoptosis. This paper discusses the means by which these two phenomena are balanced in enteroviruses to produce virus-favoring conditions – in a temporal sequence or through competition with each other. This information is important for further elucidation of the relevant mechanisms of acute infection by enteroviruses and other members of the picornavirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Lai
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Gong Y, Kong T, Ren X, Chen J, Lin S, Zhang Y, Li S. Exosome-mediated apoptosis pathway during WSSV infection in crustacean mud crab. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008366. [PMID: 32433716 PMCID: PMC7266354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes to modulate cellular response of recipients. While the role of exosomes during viral infection is beginning to be appreciated, the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in immunoregulation in invertebrates has not been addressed. Here, we observed that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral replication by inducing apoptosis of hemocytes. Besides, miR-137 and miR-7847 were found to be less packaged in mud crab exosomes during viral infection, with both miR-137 and miR-7847 shown to negatively regulate apoptosis by targeting the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Our data also revealed that AIF translocated to the nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation, and could competitively bind to HSP70 to disintegrate the HSP70-Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) complex, thereby activating the mitochondria apoptosis pathway by freeing Bax. The present finding therefore provides a novel mechanism that underlies the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and apoptosis pathway in innate immune response in invertebrates. As a form of intercellular vesicular transport, exosomes are widely involved in the regulation of a variety of pathological processes in mammals, yet, the role of exosomes during virus infection in crustaceans remains unknown. In the present study, we identified the miRNAs packaged by exosomes that were possibly involved in WSSV infection by mediating hemocytes apoptosis in crustacean mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The results revealed that exosomes released from WSSV-injected mud crabs could suppress viral replication by inducing hemocytes apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that miR-137 and miR-7847 were less packaged in exosomes after WSSV challenge, resulting in the activation of AIF, while AIF could translocate to nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation or disintegrate the HSP70-Bax complex and freeing Bax to mitochondria, which eventually caused apoptosis and suppressed viral infection of the recipient hemocytes. Our finding is the first to reveal the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in antiviral immune response in mud crabs, which shows a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrate resistance to pathogenic microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory system, causing usually a self-limited disease with mild respiratory symptoms. Acute lung injury, pulmonary microvascular leakage and cardiovascular collapse may occur in severe cases, usually in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury is a syndrome associated with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and respiratory failure. Influenza virus primarily binds to the epithelium, interfering with the epithelial sodium channel function. However, the main clinical devastating effects are caused by endothelial dysfunction, thought to be the main mechanism leading to pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. A significant association was found between influenza infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The incidence of admission due to AMI during an acute viral infection was six times as high during the 7 days after laboratory confirmation of influenza infection as during the control interval (10-fold in influenza B, 5-fold in influenza A, 3.5-fold in respiratory syncytial virus and 2.7-fold for all other viruses). Our review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction during influenza infection leading to cardiovascular collapse and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - M Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - A Blum
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
- Vascular and Regenerative Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Galilee, Safed, Israel
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9
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Feng S, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhu X, Ren Z. HG30, a tetrahydroanthraquinone compound isolated from the roots of Prismatomeris connate, induces apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:124-131. [PMID: 29427923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HG30, a tetrahydroanthraquinone compound isolated from the roots of Prismatomeris connate, was previously shown to inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of HG30 in two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299, and to explore potential underlying mechanisms. In cell viability and colony formation assays, HG30 treatment suppressed the proliferation and number of colonies formed by A549 and H1299 cells. Western blot analysis further demonstrated that induction of apoptosis by HG30 in A549 and H1299 cells involves both caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways, including mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated pathways, and an apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) -associated caspase-independent apoptosis pathway. Specifically, HG30 treatment affected Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins by down-regulating of Mcl-1, survivin and XIAP and up-regulation of Bid, and Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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10
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Nainu F, Shiratsuchi A, Nakanishi Y. Induction of Apoptosis and Subsequent Phagocytosis of Virus-Infected Cells As an Antiviral Mechanism. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1220. [PMID: 29033939 PMCID: PMC5624992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are infectious entities that hijack host replication machineries to produce their progeny, resulting, in most cases, in disease and, sometimes, in death in infected host organisms. Hosts are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms that span from innate to adaptive as well as from humoral to cellular immune responses. We previously demonstrated that mouse cells underwent apoptosis in response to influenza virus infection. These apoptotic, virus-infected cells were then targeted for engulfment by macrophages and neutrophils. We more recently reported similar findings in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which lacks adaptive immunity, after an infection with Drosophila C virus. In these experiments, the inhibition of phagocytosis led to severe influenza pathologies in mice and early death in Drosophila. Therefore, the induction of apoptosis and subsequent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells appear to be an antiviral innate immune mechanism that is conserved among multicellular organisms. We herein discuss the underlying mechanisms and significance of the apoptosis-dependent phagocytosis of virus-infected cells. Investigations on the molecular and cellular features responsible for this underrepresented virus–host interaction may provide a promising avenue for the discovery of novel substances that are targeted in medical treatments against virus-induced intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Host Defense and Responses, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Laboratory of Host Defense and Responses, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Host Defense and Responses, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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