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Pardo JM, Chittarath K, Vongphachanh P, Hang LT, Oeurn S, Arinaitwe W, Rodriguez R, Sophearith S, Malik AI, Cuellar WJ. Cassava Witches' Broom Disease in Southeast Asia: A Review of Its Distribution and Associated Symptoms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112217. [PMID: 37299196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cassava witches' broom disease (CWBD) is one of the main diseases of cassava in Southeast Asia (SEA). Affected cassava plants show reduced internodal length and proliferation of leaves (phyllody) in the middle and top part of the plant, which results in reduced root yields of 50% or more. It is thought to be caused by phytoplasma; however, despite its widespread distribution in SEA still little is known about CWBD pathology. The overarching goal of this study was to review and corroborate published information on CWBD biology and epidemiology considering recent field observations. We report the following: (1) CWBD symptoms are conserved and persistent in SEA and are distinct from what has been reported as witches' broom in Argentina and Brazil. (2) In comparison with cassava mosaic disease, another major disease of cassava in SEA, symptoms of CWBD develop later. (3) Phytoplasma detected in CWBD-affected plants belong to different ribosomal groups and there is no association study available indicating phytoplasma as the causing agent of CWBD. These findings are essential clues for designing surveillance and management strategies and for future studies to better understand the biology, tissue localization and spatial spread of CWBD in SEA and other potential risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pardo
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Khonesavanh Chittarath
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Pinkham Vongphachanh
- Plant Protection Center (PPC), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane P.O. Box 811, Laos
| | - Le Thi Hang
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Samoul Oeurn
- Plant Protection Sanitary and Phytosanitary Department, General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA), Phnom Penh 120406, Cambodia
| | - Warren Arinaitwe
- Cassava Program Asia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane P.O. Box 783, Laos
| | - Rafael Rodriguez
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Sok Sophearith
- Cassava Program Cambodia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Phnom Penh 120904, Cambodia
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Cassava Program Asia Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Vientiane P.O. Box 783, Laos
| | - Wilmer J Cuellar
- Cassava Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
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Ou D, Qiu JH, Su ZQ, Wang L, Qiu BL. The phylogeny and distribution of Wolbachia in two pathogen vector insects, Asian citrus psyllid and Longan psyllid. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121186. [PMID: 36949814 PMCID: PMC10025399 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolbachia is the most abundant bacterial endosymbiont among insects. It can play a prominent role in the development, reproduction and immunity of its given insect host. To date, Wolbachia presence is well studied within aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers, but relatively few studies have investigated its presence in psyllids. Methods Here, the infection status of Wolbachia in five species of psyllid, including Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and longan psyllid Cornegenapsylla sinica was investigated. The phylogenetic relationships of different Wolbachia lines and their infection density and patterns in D. citri and C. sinica from different countries was also examined. Results The infection rates of Wolbachia in D. citri and C. sinica were both 100%, and their sequencing types are ST173 and ST532 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Wolbachia lines in D. citri and C. sinica both belong to the Con subgroup of Wolbachia supergroup B. In addition, Wolbachia displayed a scattered localization pattern in the 5th instar nymphs and in the reproductive organs of both D. citri and C. sinica but differed in other tissues; it was highest in the midgut, lowest in the salivary glands and medium in both the testes and ovaries. Conclusion Our findings assist in further understanding the coevolution of Wolbachia and its psyllid hosts. Given that Wolbachia could play an important role in insect pest control and pathogen transmission inhibition, our findings may also provide new insights for development of control strategies for D. citri and C. sinica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hong Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qin Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Li Qiu,
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Costus stripe mosaic virus, a tentative new member of the genus Potyvirus. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2541-2548. [PMID: 32851430 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphological, biological, serological, and molecular tests underpin the description of costus stripe mosaic virus (CoSMV) as a new member of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae. Found affecting the native ornamental Costus spiralis in Brazil, the pathogen showed a severely restricted natural and experimental host range. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the CoSMV genome contains a large open reading frame (ORF) of 9,446 nucleotides that encodes a polyprotein with 3,046 amino acids, which is potentially cleaved into ten products, and a small ORF (77 amino acids) knows as PIPO. Genome analysis demonstrated the highest CoSMV nucleotide sequence identity to onion yellow dwarf virus (51.79%). No evidence of recombination was detected in the CoSMV genome, and phylogenetic analysis revealed its basal position in a group formed by members of the genus Potyvirus, along with Cyrtanthus elatus virus A (Vallota speciosa virus) and canna yellow streak virus. CoSMV was not transmitted by aphids of the species Aphis solanella, Myzus persicae or Uroleucon sonchi, which could be due to mutations in the HC-Pro motifs required for aphid transmission. A divergence in the P1 protein cleavage site was found when compared to other members of the family Potyviridae. Based on its unique biological and molecular characteristics and the current species demarcation criteria, we propose CoSMV to be a new tentative member of the genus Potyvirus.
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Abstract
Potyviridae is the largest family of plant-infecting RNA viruses, encompassing over 30% of known plant viruses. The family is closely related to animal picornaviruses such as enteroviruses and belongs to the picorna-like supergroup. Like all other picorna-like viruses, potyvirids employ polyprotein processing as a gene expression strategy and have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes, most of which are monopartite with a long open reading frame. The potyvirid polyproteins are highly conserved in the central and carboxy-terminal regions. In contrast, the N-terminal region is hypervariable and contains position-specific mutations resulting from transcriptional slippage during viral replication, leading to translational frameshift to produce additional viral proteins essential for viral infection. Some potyvirids even lack one of the N-terminal proteins P1 or helper component-protease and have a genus-specific or species-specific protein instead. This review summarizes current knowledge about the conserved and divergent features of potyvirid genomes and biological relevance and discusses future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
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Figueira ADR, Geraldino-Duarte PS, Pinzón Nuñez AM, Lent JV, Galvino-Costa SBF, Farman M, Goodin MM. Characterization of Soybean yellow shoot virus, a New Member of the Family Potyviridae Infecting Soybean Plants in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1172-1180. [PMID: 30907693 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1067-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new virus species, belonging to the family Potyviridae and capable of infecting most of the soybean cultivars grown in Brazil, was collected in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and named Soybean yellow shoot virus (SoyYSV). In this study, the complete 9,052-nucleotide genome of SoyYSV was determined and the structural, biological, and molecular properties of the virus were investigated. The SoyYSV genome encoded a single polyprotein that could be subsequently cleaved, generating 11 proteins. The SoyYSV genome shared 49% nucleotide and 36% amino acid sequence identity with Blackberry virus Y. However, the P1 protein of SoyYSV was much smaller and lacked the ALK1 domain characteristic of the genus Brambyvirus. Electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous virus particles, 760 to 780 nm in length, and cytoplasmic inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected with Potyviridae species. In addition to soybean, SoyYSV infected species in the Amaranthaceae, Caricaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families. Among the most common potyviruses present in Brazil, only SoyYSV induced local necrotic lesions in Carica papaya L. SoyYSV was transmissible by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii but lacked the HC-Pro domain required for aphid transmission in other potyviruses. No seed transmission in soybean was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Dos Reis Figueira
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jan van Lent
- 2 Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Suellen B F Galvino-Costa
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M Farman
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Michael M Goodin
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
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Molecular characterization of an unusual new plant RNA virus reveals an evolutionary link between two different virus families. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206382. [PMID: 30346992 PMCID: PMC6197668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual novel plant virus provisionally named goji berry chlorosis virus (GBCV) was isolated from goji berry plants (Lycium chinense Miller) showing chlorosis symptoms and its complete genome sequence was determined. The viral genome consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 10,100 ribonucleotides and contains six open reading frames (ORFs). Electron microscopy showed that the viral genome is packaged as a filamentous particle with an average length of approximately 850 nm. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid similarity analysis of the encoded ORFs revealed that this new virus could be classified in an intermediate position between the families Benyviridae and Virgaviridae. The GBCV 200-kDa replicase (ORF1) is more similar to benyvirus replicases than to virgavirus replicases, while its 17-kDa coat protein (CP, ORF2) is more closely related with virgavirus CPs than benyvirus CPs. ORF3 was predicted to produce a C-terminally extended protein from ORF2 via frameshifting. While ORF4 (45-kDa), ORF5 (44-kDa), and ORF6 (16-kDa) have no apparent sequence homology with other known viruses, ORF5 is predicted to encode a movement protein (MP) that is phylogenetically related to the furovirus MP and ORF6 was experimentally proven to encode a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. These unusual characteristics suggest that GBCV may represent an evolutionary link between the families Benyviridae and Virgaviridae and indicate the existence of a novel, unidentified virus group.
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Kwon SJ, Jin M, Cho IS, Yoon JY, Choi GS. Identification of rehmannia virus 1, a novel putative member of the genus Closterovirus, from Rehmannia glutinosa. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3383-3388. [PMID: 30191375 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome sequencing analysis of a symptomatic Rehmannia glutinosa plant revealed a virome containing two known RNA viruses and one novel virus. In this study, we examined the molecular and biological characteristics of the novel virus. The complete genome of the novel virus is composed of monopartite single-stranded RNA of 15,322 nucleotides with 69% nucleotide sequence identity (with 68% coverage) to tobacco virus 1. Its genome organization is typical of the members of the genus Closterovirus, containing nine putative open reading frames. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the genome and encoded protein sequences strongly support that the identified virus is a new species of the genus Closterovirus in the family Closteroviridae. The name rehmannia virus 1 (ReV1) is proposed for this novel virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Kwon
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gug-Seoun Choi
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
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Complete genome sequence of a novel virus, classifiable within the Potyviridae family, which infects passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). Arch Virol 2018; 163:3191-3194. [PMID: 30094513 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the complete nucleotide sequence of a new member of the Potyviridae family isolated from passion fruit plants grown in Israel, called Passiflora edulis symptomless virus (PeSV). The PeSV genome is 9,928 nucleotides long and encodes a 3,173 amino acids polyprotein that is predicted to be proteolytically cleaved into 10 mature peptides. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that PeSV represents a new species, and is most closely related to rose yellow mosaic virus (RoYMV). According to currently accepted criteria for genus demarcation, both viruses should be assigned as representative isolates of new species in the recently approved genus, Roymovirus, in the Potyviridae family.
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Erratum to: Complete genome sequence of longan witches’ broom-associated virus, a novel member of the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2891. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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