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Parras-Jurado A, Muñoz D, Beperet I, Williams T, Caballero P. Insecticidal Traits of Variants in a Genotypically Diverse Natural Isolate of Anticarsia Gemmatalis Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV). Viruses 2023; 15:1526. [PMID: 37515212 PMCID: PMC10386246 DOI: 10.3390/v15071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a major pest of soybean, can be controlled below economic thresholds with methods that do not involve the application of synthetic insecticides. Formulations based on natural isolates of the Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) (Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus) played a significant role in integrated pest management programs in the early 2000s, but a new generation of chemical insecticides and transgenic soybean have displaced AgMNPV-based products over the past decade. However, the marked genotypic variability present among and within alphabaculovirus isolates suggests that highly insecticidal genotypic variants can be isolated and used to reduce virus production costs or overcome isolate-dependent host resistance. This study aimed to select novel variants of AgMNPV with suitable insecticidal traits that could complement the existing AgMNPV active ingredients. Three distinct AgMNPV isolates were compared using their restriction endonuclease profile and in terms of their occlusion body (OB) pathogenicity. One isolate was selected (AgABB51) from which eighteen genotypic variants were plaque purified and characterized in terms of their insecticidal properties. The five most pathogenic variants varied in OB pathogenicity, although none of them was faster-killing or had higher OB production characteristics than the wild-type isolate. We conclude that the AgABB51 wild-type isolates appear to be genotypically structured for fast speed of kill and high OB production, both of which would favor horizontal transmission. Interactions among the component variants are likely to influence this insecticidal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Parras-Jurado
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Polígono Industrial Mocholi Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Delia Muñoz
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Beperet
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Polígono Industrial Mocholi Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Trevor Williams
- Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Polígono Industrial Mocholi Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
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2
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Ferreira BC, Melo FL, Silva AMR, Sanches MM, Moscardi F, Ribeiro BM, Souza ML. Biological and molecular characterization of two Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus clones exhibiting contrasting virulence. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 164:23-31. [PMID: 30930188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus natural populations are known to be genetically heterogeneous and such genotypic diversity could have implications in the performance of biocontrol agents. The Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) has been widely used to control the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, in Brazil. In the present work, morphological and molecular analyses as well as the biological activity of AgMNPV genotypes derived from a Brazilian field isolate (AgMNPV-79) were carried out. The existence of genotypic variants in the population was confirmed by DNA restriction analysis. Although difference in virulence was observed among the variants, the most (Ag79-01) and the least (AgL-16) virulent clones do not show any morphological and cytopathological changes when compared to the most studied isolate (AgMNPV-2D). The complete genome analysis of the two viral clones showed the presence of single open reading frames (ORFs) of the pe-38 and he65 genes, which contrasts with the two split ORFs present in the genome of the AgMNPV-2D isolate. The viral clone AgL-16 has many variations in the ie-2 and pe-38 genes, which are transcription regulatory genes responsible for the regulation of viral early gene expression during insect cell infection. Furthermore, other genes showed alterations like the odv-e56, which have an essential role in the maturation and envelopment of the ODVs, and bro-a and bro-b genes which were fused to form a single ORF. For the Ag79-01, although the total number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) was more prominent in the pe-38 gene, its genome showed very few modifications in comparison to the AgMNPV-2D genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Ferreira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - F L Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A M R Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M M Sanches
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - F Moscardi
- Embrapa Soja, CEP 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - B M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M L Souza
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen), Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte Final, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Brito AFD, Braconi CT, Weidmann M, Dilcher M, Alves JMP, Gruber A, Zanotto PMDA. The Pangenome of the Anticarsia gemmatalis Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV). Genome Biol Evol 2015; 8:94-108. [PMID: 26615220 PMCID: PMC4758234 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alphabaculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is the world's most successful viral bioinsecticide. Through the 1980s and 1990s, this virus was extensively used for biological control of populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Velvetbean caterpillar) in soybean crops. During this period, genetic studies identified several variable loci in the AgMNPV; however, most of them were not characterized at the sequence level. In this study we report a full genome comparison among 17 wild-type isolates of AgMNPV. We found the pangenome of this virus to contain at least 167 hypothetical genes, 151 of which are shared by all genomes. The gene bro-a that might be involved in host specificity and carrying transporter is absent in some genomes, and new hypothetical genes were observed. Among these genes there is a unique rnf12-like gene, probably implicated in ubiquitination. Events of gene fission and fusion are common, as four genes have been observed as single or split open reading frames. Gains and losses of genomic fragments (from 20 to 900 bp) are observed within tandem repeats, such as in eight direct repeats and four homologous regions. Most AgMNPV genes present low nucleotide diversity, and variable genes are mainly located in a locus known to evolve through homologous recombination. The evolution of AgMNPV is mainly driven by small indels, substitutions, gain and loss of nucleotide stretches or entire coding sequences. These variations may cause relevant phenotypic alterations, which probably affect the infectivity of AgMNPV. This work provides novel information on genomic evolution of the AgMNPV in particular and of baculoviruses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Fernandes de Brito
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meik Dilcher
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - João Marcelo Pereira Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICB II, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Gruber
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICB II, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Braconi CT, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Leme AFP, Oliveira JVDC, Pauletti BA, Garcia-Maruniak A, Ribeiro BM, Maruniak JE, Zanotto PMDA. Proteomic analyses of baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus budded and occluded virus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:980-989. [PMID: 24443474 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses infect insects, producing two distinct phenotypes during the viral life cycle: the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) for intra- and inter-host spread, respectively. Since the 1980s, several countries have been using Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) as a biological control agent against the velvet bean caterpillar, A. gemmatalis. The genome of AgMNPV isolate 2D (AgMNPV-2D) carries at least 152 potential genes, with 24 that possibly code for structural proteins. Proteomic studies have been carried out on a few baculoviruses, with six ODV and two BV proteomes completed so far. Moreover, there are limited data on virion proteins carried by AgMNPV-2D. Therefore, structural proteins of AgMNPV-2D were analysed by MALDI- quadrupole-TOF and liquid chromatography MS/MS. A total of 44 proteins were associated with the ODV and 33 with the BV of AgMNPV-2D. Although 38 structural proteins were already known, we found six new proteins in the ODV and seven new proteins carried by the AgMNPV-2D BV. Eleven cellular proteins that were found on several other enveloped viruses were also identified, which are possibly carried with the virion. These findings may provide novel insights into baculovirus biology and their host interaction. Moreover, our data may be helpful in subsequent applied studies aiming to improve AgMNPV use as a biopesticide and a biotechnology tool for gene expression or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Torres Braconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - James E Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
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Oliveira JV, de Brito AF, Braconi CT, de Melo Freire CC, Iamarino A, de Andrade Zanotto PM. Modularity and evolutionary constraints in a baculovirus gene regulatory network. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:87. [PMID: 24006890 PMCID: PMC3879405 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure of regulatory networks remains an open question in our understanding of complex biological systems. Interactions during complete viral life cycles present unique opportunities to understand how host-parasite network take shape and behave. The Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus, whose genome may encode for 152 open reading frames (ORFs). Here we present the analysis of the ordered cascade of the AgMNPV gene expression. RESULTS We observed an earlier onset of the expression than previously reported for other baculoviruses, especially for genes involved in DNA replication. Most ORFs were expressed at higher levels in a more permissive host cell line. Genes with more than one copy in the genome had distinct expression profiles, which could indicate the acquisition of new functionalities. The transcription gene regulatory network (GRN) for 149 ORFs had a modular topology comprising five communities of highly interconnected nodes that separated key genes that are functionally related on different communities, possibly maximizing redundancy and GRN robustness by compartmentalization of important functions. Core conserved functions showed expression synchronicity, distinct GRN features and significantly less genetic diversity, consistent with evolutionary constraints imposed in key elements of biological systems. This reduced genetic diversity also had a positive correlation with the importance of the gene in our estimated GRN, supporting a relationship between phylogenetic data of baculovirus genes and network features inferred from expression data. We also observed that gene arrangement in overlapping transcripts was conserved among related baculoviruses, suggesting a principle of genome organization. CONCLUSIONS Albeit with a reduced number of nodes (149), the AgMNPV GRN had a topology and key characteristics similar to those observed in complex cellular organisms, which indicates that modularity may be a general feature of biological gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Velasco Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas Caixa Postal 6170, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Anderson Fernandes de Brito
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio César de Melo Freire
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Atila Iamarino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICB II, Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - ICB II, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo CEP: 05508-900, Brasil
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6
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A simplified method for the extraction of baculoviral DNA for PCR analysis: A practical application. J Virol Methods 2008; 148:286-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Structural and ultrastructural alterations of Malpighian tubules of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infected with different Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) recombinant viruses. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 98:7-19. [PMID: 18304572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malpighian tubules constitute the main excretion organ of insects. Infection by egt(-) recombinant AcMNPV baculovirus in lepidopteran larvae promotes early degeneration of these structures, which has been correlated with earlier death of the host. However, no trace of viral infection has been detected in that tissue. We constructed two AgMNPV recombinants with the egfp gene under control of the hsp70 promoter, one being egt(-), and used another two recombinants (one egt(-)) containing the lacZ gene. Morphological alterations in the tubules were analyzed by light and electron microscopies. Bioassays were conducted to compare the pathogenicity of recombinants. Results showed progressive presence of marker proteins and tissue degeneration without signals of infection in the tissue. Morphological and bioassay results showed increased pathogenicity for lacZ-containing recombinants compared to the egfp ones; as for egt(-) viruses, we noted higher intensity and earlier onset of alterations. The absence of infection led us to believe that Malpighian tubules degeneration is provoked initially by the death of tracheal cells attached to the tubules and later, by the death of Malpighian tubule cells themselves. Tubule cell death might be due to oncosis and apoptosis, which may be activated by depletion of energy reserves and by accumulation of marker proteins, respectively. Absence of the egt gene may be leading to a higher energetic expense due to molting, thus aggravating tubule cell death, resulting in faster death of host.
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Salem TZ, Maruniak JE. A universal transgene silencing approach in baculovirus–insect cell system. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:1-8. [PMID: 17548118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Baculovirus-insect cell system (BICS) is considered one of the most efficient eukaryotic gene expression systems. This system has also been used for producing different recombinant baculoviruses with increased insect toxicity as potential biopesticides. Establishing a universal gene silencing (UGS) system is very important due to the increasing number of studies using RNA interference (RNAi) with BICS. In this work, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as the RNAi consistent target sequence located downstream of a depressant insect-neurotoxin gene, LqqIT2 used as a model of the gene of interest. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and inverted repeats of EGFP gene (IR-EG) were examined in targeting the EGFP-LqqIT2 (EL)-fusion mRNA or LqqIT2-EGFP (LE)-bicistronic mRNA for degradation. Suppression efficiencies using these inducers were examined transiently and stably in uninfected and infected insect Sf9 cells. Moreover, RNAi showed persistence for 4 and 8 days in baculovirus-infected as well as uninfected Sf9 cells, respectively. Bicistronic RNA seems an efficient way to lower cost and effort of the gene silencing approach while maintaining the biological activity of the protein of interest when the RNAi is not in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Z Salem
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Oliveira JVDC, Wolff JLC, Garcia-Maruniak A, Ribeiro BM, de Castro MEB, de Souza ML, Moscardi F, Maruniak JE, Zanotto PMDA. Genome of the most widely used viral biopesticide: Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:3233-3250. [PMID: 17030857 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate 2D (AgMNPV-2D), which is the most extensively used virus pesticide in the world, was completely sequenced and shown to have 132 239 bp (G+C content 44.5 mol%) and to be capable of encoding 152 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Three ORFs were unique to AgMNPV-2D, one of which (ag31) had similarity to eukaryotic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. The lack of chiA and v-cath may explain some of the success and growth of the AgMNPV biological control programme, as it may explain the high recovery of polyhedra sequestered inside dead larvae in the field, which are collected and used for further application as biological pesticides in soybean fields. The genome organization was similar to that of the Choristoneura fumiferana defective MNPV (CfDefNPV). Most of the variation between the two genomes took place near highly repetitive regions, which were also closely associated with bro-coding regions. The separation of the NPVs into groups I and II was supported by: (i) a phenogram of the complete genomes of 28 baculovirus and Heliothis zea virus 1, (ii) the most parsimonious reconstruction of gene content along the phenograms and (iii) comparisons of genomic features. Moreover, these data also reinforced the notion that group I of the NPVs can be split further into the AgMNPV lineage (AgMNPV, CfDefNPV, Epiphyas postvittana NPV, Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV and C. fumiferana MNPV), sharing eight defining genes, and the Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) lineage (AcMNPV, Rachiplusia ou NPV and Bombyx mori NPV), sharing nine defining genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bionformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Caldas Wolff
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak
- Entomology and Nematology Department, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | | | | | - Marlinda Lobo de Souza
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia-Núcleo Temático de Controle Biológico (NTCB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - James Edward Maruniak
- Entomology and Nematology Department, PO Box 110620, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular e Bionformática, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dalmolin CC, da Silva FR, Mello LV, Rigden DJ, Castro MEB. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the DNA polymerase gene of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Res 2005; 110:99-109. [PMID: 15845260 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The DNA polymerase from Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) was identified and sequenced, and its amino acid sequence was compared with other viral DNA polymerases to identify conserved regions and to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. The sequence analysis of the AgMNPV DNA polymerase gene revealed the presence of a 2976 nucleotides open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 991 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 114.7 kDa. Among the baculovirus DNA polymerase genes identified to date, the AgMNPV DNA polymerase gene shared maximum amino acid sequence identity with the DNA polymerase gene of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus defective strain (CfDEFNPV) (94%). The alignment of 140 virus sequences, 23 of them from baculovirus, showed that, of the 10 conserved regions identified, 5 are exclusive to baculoviruses (R1, R5, R9, R6 and R10), only 2 of them (R6 and R10) previously described as such in the literature. Our analysis, based on their positions in the AgMNPV DNA polymerase model, suggests that R9 and R10 could interact with DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA polymerase sequences places the enzyme from AgMNPV within the cluster containing the polymerases of Group I Nucleopolyhedrovirus and suggests that the AgMNPV DNA polymerase is more closely related to that of CfDEFNPV than to those of other baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Cristina Dalmolin
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica (PqEB), W5 Norte Final, CEP 70770-900 Brasília DF, Brazil
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11
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de Lima L, Pinedo FJR, Ribeiro BM, Zanotto PMA, Wolff JLC. Identification, expression and phylogenetic analysis of the Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) Helicase gene. Virus Genes 2005; 29:345-52. [PMID: 15550775 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-004-7438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The helicase gene from Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) was identified and localized in the 58.85-65.90 m.u. of the viral genomic map. This gene encodes a putative polypeptide of 1221 amino acids containing motifs homologous to those found in the helicase superfamily. Expression of the AgMNPV helicase was observed as early as 4h post-infection (p.i.) up until 10 h p.i. A unique early transcription initiation site was observed upstream a putative TATA box. Phylogenetic analysis of the helicase genes of 23 baculoviruses indicated that the AgMNPV helicase is closely related to the helicase genes from Epiphyas postvitanna multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus and Choristoneura fumiferana defective nucleopolyhedrovirus.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Animals
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics
- Lepidoptera/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleopolyhedroviruses/genetics
- Nucleopolyhedroviruses/isolation & purification
- Open Reading Frames
- Phylogeny
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoberto de Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier da Almeida Souza 200, SP, Brazil
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12
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Iwanaga M, Takaya K, Katsuma S, Ote M, Tanaka S, Kamita SG, Kang W, Shimada T, Kobayashi M. Expression profiling of baculovirus genes in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:599-614. [PMID: 15369793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The baculoviruses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) and Autographa californica multicapsid NPV (AcMNPV) are highly homologous at the genomic level, but they have essentially nonoverlapping host ranges. In order to characterize baculovirus replication in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines, the expression profiles of baculovirus-specific genes (at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 or 72 h post-infection) were examined in BmN (BmNPV-permissive) or Sf-9 (AcMNPV-permissive) cells that were inoculated with BmNPV or AcMNPV. Surprisingly, nearly all of the 154 genes of AcMNPV appeared to be expressed in both Sf-9 and BmN cells although the peak expression levels of these genes were delayed by roughly 12 h in the nonpermissive BmN cells. In addition, the expression levels of the very late AcMNPV polyhedrin and p10 genes were dramatically reduced in BmN cells, which presumably led to the inability of AcMNPV to form polyhedral inclusion bodies in BmN cells. Nearly all of the 136 genes of BmNPV appeared to be expressed in BmN cells, however, BmNPV gene expression was dramatically reduced in Sf-9 cells inoculated with BmNPV. Experiments in which BmNPV DNAs were transfected to Sf-9 cells suggested that this dramatic reduction in gene expression was not the result of poor attachment, penetration or uncoating of the BmNPV virion into Sf-9 cells. In conclusion, we established a system to monitor global gene expression patterns during baculovirus infection in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines. This system was used to identify global trends in the transcription of baculovirus genes during productive and nonproductive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Iwanaga
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Slack JM, Ribeiro BM, de Souza ML. The gp64 locus of Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus contains a 3′ repair exonuclease homologue and lacks v-cath and ChiA genes. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:211-219. [PMID: 14718636 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is one of the most successful biological insecticides. In this study, we cloned and sequenced a 12.5 kbp BamHI-D restriction endonuclease fragment of the AgMNPV isolate 2D genome that includes the gp64 gene. We compared this highly conserved region with that of other baculoviruses. AgMNPV contained two genes, p22.2 and v-trex, in common with Choristoneura fumiferana MNPV (CfMNPV) that were not present in other baculoviruses. The v-trex gene has homology to a eukaryotic 3' repair exonuclease and appears to have been acquired from an invertebrate host. The v-trex gene product has the potential to be involved in virus recombination or UV-light tolerance. Multigene phylogenetic analysis suggested that AgMNPV is most closely related to Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV). AgMNPV differed from other group I NPVs in that ChiA and v-cath gene homologues were missing from the region downstream of the gp64 gene. Proteinase assays and genetic probes suggest the v-cath gene is absent from AgMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Slack
- Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Cellular, Universidade de Brasília, CEP 70910-900 Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Marlinda Lobo de Souza
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, CEP 70770-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Razuck FB, Ribeiro B, Vargas JH, Wolff JL, Ribeiro BM. Characterization of the p10 gene region of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Genes 2002; 24:243-7. [PMID: 12086145 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015328516018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) p10 gene region was cloned, sequenced and the putative p10 gene expression characterized by Northern-blot analysis. Sequence analysis of the p10 gene region indicated the presence of two complete open reading frames (ORFs) of 713 and 281 nucleotides, which codes for polypeptides of 273 and 93 amino acids, with homology to the P26 and P10 proteins of baculoviruses, respectively. Two additional partial ORFs, coding for partial polypeptides of 110 and 146 amino acids, showed homology to the p22.2 gene of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV) and p74 genes of different baculoviruses, respectively. A small ORF of 224 nucleotides coding for a protein of 74 amino acids showed homology to the 3'-end of the early p94 gene of AcMNPV. A putative baculovirus very late promoter motif TAAG was identified in the 5'-non-translated region (5'-UTR) at position-54 upstream of the start codon. The consensus polyadenylation sequence AATAAA is present 146nt downstream of the termination codon and the p10 ORF is flanked by the p26 and p74 ORFs. Homology comparisons showed that the P10 protein of AgMNPV is most closely related (82% amino acid sequence identity) to the P10 from the Orgyia pseudotsugata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). Transcriptional analysis of the AgMNPV p10 gene showed that p10-specific transcripts could be detected late in infection.
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Rodrigues JC, De Souza ML, O'Reilly D, Velloso LM, Pinedo FJ, Razuck FB, Ribeiro B, Ribeiro BM. Characterization of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Genes 2001; 22:103-12. [PMID: 11210933 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008142621359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Anticarsia gemmatalis nucelopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) egt gene was cloned, sequenced and its expression characterized by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Sequence analysis of the gene indicated the presence of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1482 nucleotides, which codes for a polypeptide of 494 amino acids. ATATA box and a conserved regulatory sequence (CATT) found in other baculovirus early genes were present in the promoter region of the egt gene. A poly-A consensus sequence was present in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the gene. Homology comparisons showed that the EGT protein of AgMNPV is most closely related (95.9% amino acid sequence identity) to the EGT from the Choristoneura fumiferana DEF nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfDEF). Transcriptional analysis of the AgMNPV egt gene showed that egt-specific transcripts can be detected both early and late in infection. The EGT protein was detected, by western blot analysis, in the intra- (from 12 to 48 h post-infection) and extra-cellular (from 12 to 96 h post-infection) fractions of infected insect cells. The AgMNPV Bgl II-F fragment, which has homology to the AcMNPV ie-1 gene, was cloned and used to cotransfect SF21 cells with the cloned AgMNPV egt gene. EGT activity was observed, suggesting that AgMNPV ie-1 can transactivate egt expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rodrigues
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brasil.
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