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Dastjerdi A, Jeckel S, Davies H, Irving J, Longue C, Plummer C, Vidovszky MZ, Harrach B, Chantrey J, Martineau H, Williams J. Novel adenovirus associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis in a captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3097-3102. [PMID: 34724349 PMCID: PMC9787489 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses cause a range of major diseases across many diverse animal species including ruminants. They are classified into six genera in the family Adenoviridae. In deer species, two adenoviruses are currently recognized: deer adenovirus 1 in the Atadenovirus genus, and deer adenovirus 2 in the Mastadenovirus genus. Deer adenovirus 1 causes adenovirus haemorrhagic disease with high fatality in black-tailed and mule deer in North America. Conversely, deer adenovirus 2 was incidentally detected from a healthy white-tailed deer fawn, but experimentally it has been shown to cause pyrexia, cough and moderate to severe haemorrhage. Here, we detected a novel adenovirus, reindeer adenovirus 1, from lung lesions of a 5-year-old male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). This animal presented with aspiration pneumonia and necrotizing bronchiolitis following a period of clinical weakness, nasal discharge and wasting. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed large intranuclear basophilic inclusions associated with the areas of necrotizing bronchiolitis. Next generation sequencing of the lung tissue identified a novel mastadenovirus with close similarity to deer adenovirus 2 and bovine adenovirus 3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a deer mastadenovirus associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis in captive reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Dastjerdi
- Virology DepartmentAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)‐WeybridgeAddlestoneSurreyUK
| | - Sonja Jeckel
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - Hannah Davies
- Virology DepartmentAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)‐WeybridgeAddlestoneSurreyUK,School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Jennifer Irving
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian Chantrey
- Veterinary Pathology and Preclinical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool Veterinary SchoolNestonUK
| | - Henny Martineau
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldHertfordshireUK
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2
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Imus JK, Lehmkuhl HD, Woods LW. Resistance of colostrum-deprived domestic lambs to infection with deer adenovirus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:78-82. [PMID: 30541409 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718817508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven colostrum-deprived, 3-4-wk-old Rambouillet-Hampshire lambs were inoculated via the mucous membranes with deer adenovirus (DAdV) and monitored for clinical signs for 21 d post-inoculation at which time animals were euthanized and postmortem examinations were performed. Pre-inoculation and post-inoculation serum samples were tested for antibodies to DAdV, ovine adenovirus 7, bovine adenovirus 7, and goat adenovirus 1. Evidence for DAdV infection was determined by virus isolation, PCR tests, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry tests for DAdV. No clinical signs or lesions consistent with adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD) in deer were seen in the lambs, and the lambs did not seroconvert to DAdV. DAdV was not detected by PCR, virus isolation, or immunohistochemistry in any of the samples tested from the lambs. A positive control deer similarly inoculated with DAdV developed fatal AHD 1 wk post-inoculation. Our colostrum-deprived lambs did not become infected when inoculated with DAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Imus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
| | - Howard D Lehmkuhl
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
| | - Leslie W Woods
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Imus [nee Arnall], Woods).,National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA (Lehmkuhl)
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3
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Woods LW, Schumaker BA, Pesavento PA, Crossley BM, Swift PK. Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease in California mule deer, 1990-2014. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:530-537. [PMID: 29582709 PMCID: PMC6505921 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718766036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed case records from the California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) laboratory and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) spanning 25 years (1990-2014) for all deer accessions submitted to CAHFS for pathology and/or histopathology, with and without a diagnosis of adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD), in order to determine the prevalence of AHD in California. We also examined spatial and temporal distribution, age, and mule deer subspecies in deer that died from AHD. Of 483 deer submitted to CAHFS for diagnostic testing in 1990-2014, 17.2% were diagnosed with confirmed AHD, and 26.5% were confirmed plus suspected cases of AHD. Columbian black-tailed deer ( Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), particularly fawns and juveniles, were most frequently affected. Deer adenovirus ( Odocoileus adenovirus 1; OdAdV-1) was detected by immunohistochemistry in archived CDFW formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from deer that died in mortality events in 1981, 1983, and 1986-1987. OdAdV-1 is a common cause of hemorrhagic disease mortality events in California deer, and mortality as a result of AHD is documented as early as 1981.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Woods, Crossley), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Pesavento, Woods), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Schumaker).,Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift)
| | - Brant A Schumaker
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Woods, Crossley), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Pesavento, Woods), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Schumaker).,Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift)
| | - Patricia A Pesavento
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Woods, Crossley), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Pesavento, Woods), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Schumaker).,Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift)
| | - Beate M Crossley
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Woods, Crossley), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Pesavento, Woods), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Schumaker).,Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift)
| | - Pamela K Swift
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Woods, Crossley), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (Pesavento, Woods), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Schumaker).,Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA (Swift)
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4
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Miller MM, Cornish TE, Creekmore TE, Fox K, Laegreid W, McKenna J, Vasquez M, Woods LW. Whole-genome sequences of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus isolates from deer, moose and elk are highly conserved and support a new species in the genus Atadenovirus. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2320-2328. [PMID: 28809152 PMCID: PMC5656758 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first complete genome sequence of Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus 1 (OdAdV-1). This virus can cause sporadic haemorrhagic disease in cervids, although epizootics with high mortality have occurred in California. OdAdV-1 has been placed in the genus Atadenovirus, based on partial hexon, pVIII and fibre genes. Ten field isolates recovered from naturally infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana) and moose (Alces alces) from Wyoming, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from California, and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from Colorado and Washington state were sequenced. The genome lengths ranged from 30 620 to 30 699 bp, contained the predicted proteins and gene organization typical of members of genus Atadenovirus, and had a high percentage of A/T nucleotides (66.7 %). Phylogenic analysis found that the closest ancestry was with ruminant atadenoviruses, while a divergence of the hexon, polymerase and penton base proteins of more than 15 % supports classification as a new species. Genetic global comparison between the 10 isolates found an overall 99 % identity, but greater divergence was found between those recovered from moose and elk as compared to deer, and a single variable region contained most of these differences. Our findings demonstrate that OdAdV-1 is highly conserved between 10 isolates recovered from multiple related cervid species, but genotypic differences, largely localized to a variable region, define two strains. We propose that the virus type name be changed to cervid adenovirus 1, with the species name Cervid atadenovirus A. Sequence data were used to develop molecular assays for improved detection and genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M. Miller
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
- *Correspondence: Myrna M. Miller,
| | - Todd E. Cornish
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Terry E. Creekmore
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Karen Fox
- Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, 4330 Laporte Ave, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - Will Laegreid
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Jennifer McKenna
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Marce Vasquez
- University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | - Leslie W. Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, 620 West Health Science Dr., 620 West Health Science Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Woods LW, Lehmkuhl HD, Hobbs LA, Parker JC, Manzer M. Evaluation of the pathogenic potential of cervid adenovirus in calves. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:33-7. [PMID: 18182505 DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four 3-month-old Jersey calves and three 3-month-old Holstein calves were inoculated with cervid adenovirus and monitored for clinical signs until necropsied between 10 and 42 days postinoculation. The neonatal Jersey calves had received colostrum, and the Holstein calves were colostrum deprived. Preinoculation and postinoculation serum samples were tested for antibodies to the cervid adenovirus, bovine adenovirus type 6, bovine adenovirus type 7, and goat adenovirus type 1. Virus isolation was performed on kidney, nasal secretion, and/or lung homogenates in fetal white-tailed deer lung cells. Negatively stained preparations of feces from Jersey calves were examined weekly using an electron microscope, and weekly blood samples were collected for complete blood counts. Full necropsies were performed on all calves. A complete selection of tissues was evaluated for microscopic changes, and immunohistochemistry was performed on all tissues using a polyclonal antibody to deer adenovirus. No clinical signs were observed in the calves during the study period. Following inoculation, colostrum-deprived calves developed low antibody titers to deer adenovirus, while the Jersey calves that received colostrum did not. Calves that received colostrum had high antibody titers to bovine adenovirus type 7 and goat adenovirus type 1. No consistent gross or microscopic lesions were seen. Adenovirus was not observed in negatively stained preparations of feces. Immunohistochemistry results did not demonstrate virus in all tissues examined microscopically, and virus was not isolated from lungs, nasal secretions, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie W Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, P.O. Box 1770, Davis, CA 95617-1770, USA.
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Graham DA, Calvert V, Benkö M, Curran W, Wylie M, Snodden DA, Moffet DA, Papp T, Adair BM, Smyth JA. Isolation of bovine adenovirus serotype 6 from a calf in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 2005; 156:82-6. [PMID: 15689037 DOI: 10.1136/vr.156.3.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two viruses, designated 99-8130(C) and 99-8130(I), were isolated in calf testis cells from the colon and ileum, respectively, of a suckled beef calf which had developed dysentery and died. Electron microscopy indicated that the mean (sd) size of the viral particles, 83 (2.5) nm, and their morphology were consistent with their being members of the family Adenoviridae. They were confirmed as adenoviruses by PCR when products of the expected size (608 bp) were amplified from both isolates by using a primer pair specific for members of the genus Atadenovirus. A comparison of the sequence of a 567 bp segment of the 99-8130(C) amplicon with that of other prototype bovine adenovirus (BAdV) strains of atadenoviruses identified the isolate as BAdV serotype 6 (BAdV-6), which had 99.3 per cent and 100 per cent identities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, with the prototype BAdV-6 strain 671130. A virus neutralisation test was developed and indicated a high prevalence of antibody to BAdV-6 in Northern Irish cattle. There was no evidence of adenoviral inclusions in tissues from the affected calf and no antigen was detected when the tissues were stained by an immunoperoxidase technique, using a homologous antiserum raised in rabbits. The two viruses were the third reported isolation of BAdV-6, and the first from a clinically ill bovine animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Graham
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD
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