A novel synthesis of imatinib and its intermediates

Synthesis, in silico and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of some amidoxime-based benzimidazole and benzimidamide derivatives

Amidoximes are employed as building blocks to synthesise heterocyclic motifs with biological significance. They are very reactive and are used as prodrugs of amidine. This present study unveils the synthesis of amidoxime-based benzimidazole and benzimidamide motifs and evaluates their in silico and in vitro antimicrobial potential as future drug candidates. The compounds (2a, 2b, 4a-c) were synthesized using multi-step synthetic pathways. The synthesised compounds were characterised using physico-chemical examination, 1H- and 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses. The in silico antimicrobial potentials of the synthesized compounds were carried out against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase of E. coli (PDB ID: 2VF5), and N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) of C. albicans (PDB ID: 1IYL), while the in vitro antimicrobial screening was investigated against selected bacteria and fungi. The in silico studies were carried out using predicted ADMET screening, molecular docking, MM-GBSA, induced-fit docking (IFD), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Furthermore, the in vitro experimental validations were performed using the agar diffusion method and the standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs used were gentamicin and ketoconazole respectively. The predicted toxicity test of the compounds showed no significant risk, except for 4c, which showed high tumorigenic risk. Compounds 2b and 2a gave better binding energies; -8.0 kcal mol-1 for 2VF5 and -11.7 kcal mol-1 for 1IYL, respectively. The antimicrobial zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration values were 40 mm and 3.90 mg mL-1 against S. mutans, then 42 mm and 1.90 mg mL-1 against C. albicans. Potential antimicrobial drug candidates have been identified in this report and should be explored for future preclinical research.

Access to Amides and Lactams via Pyridotriazole as a Transformable Directing Group

Amide and lactam frameworks were synthesized via an efficient two-step strategy. In this protocol, pyridotriazoles were first treated with isocyanates to form the corresponding amides, which were found to be sufficiently reactive to undergo subsequent intramolecular N-H insertion in the absence of any additional reagents or catalysts.

Catalytic and non-catalytic amidation of carboxylic acid substrates

The present review offers an apt summary of amide bond formation with carboxylic acid substrates by taking advantage of several methods. Carboxamides can be regarded as a substantial part of organic and medicinal chemistry due to their utility in synthesizing peptides, lactams, and more than 25% of familiar drugs. Moreover, they play a leading role in the synthesis of bioactive products with anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. The data are arranged based on the type and amount of reagents used to conduct amidation and are also divided into the following categories: catalytic amidation of carboxylic acids, non-catalytic amidation, and transamidation.

An Efficient Method for Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds to the Corresponding Aromatic Amines with NH2NH2·H2O Catalysed by H2O2-Treated Activated Carbon

An efficient and green protocol for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amines has been developed. The reduction catalyst system includes NH2NH2·H2O and H2O2-treated activated carbon. Without adding additional metals, the H2O2-treated activated carbon could be reused for many cycles without decreasing catalytic efficiency. The aromatic amines could be obtained in good to excellent yields.

Synthesis and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Imatinib Analogues Featuring Unusual Structural Motifs

A convenient synthesis of imatinib, a potent inhibitor of ABL1 kinase and widely prescribed drug for the treatment of a variety of leukemias, was devised and applied to the construction of a series of novel imatinib analogues featuring a number of non-aromatic structural motifs in place of the parent molecule's phenyl moiety. These analogues were subsequently evaluated for their biopharmaceutical properties (e.g., ABL1 kinase inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity). The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane- and cubane-containing analogues were found to possess higher themodynamic solubility, whereas cubane- and cyclohexyl-containing analogues exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against ABL1 kinase and the most potent cytotoxicity values against cancer cell lines K562 and SUP-B15. Molecular modeling was employed to rationalize the weak activity of the compounds against ABL1 kinase, and it is likely that the observed cytotoxicity of these agents arises through off-target effects.

Imatinib intermediate as a two in one dual channel sensor for the recognition of Cu2+and I−ions in aqueous media and its practical applications

An imatinib intermediate was developed for the colorimetric sensing of Cu²⁺ions in aqueous solution.