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Bruccoleri RE, Oakeley EJ, Faust AME, Altorfer M, Dessus-Babus S, Burckhardt D, Oertli M, Naumann U, Petersen F, Wong J. Genome assembly of the bearded iris, Iris pallida Lam. GIGABYTE 2023; 2023:gigabyte94. [PMID: 37829656 PMCID: PMC10565908 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Irises are perennial plants, representing a large genus with hundreds of species. While cultivated extensively for their ornamental value, commercial interest in irises lies in the secondary metabolites present in their rhizomes. The Dalmatian Iris (Iris pallida Lam.) is an ornamental plant that also produces secondary metabolites with potential value to the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. In addition to providing base notes for the fragrance industry, iris tissues and extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, study of these secondary metabolites has been hampered by a lack of genomic information, requiring difficult extraction and analysis techniques. Here, we report the genome sequence of Iris pallida Lam., generated with Pacific Bioscience long-read sequencing, resulting in a 10.04-Gbp assembly with a scaffold N50 of 14.34 Mbp and 91.8% complete BUSCOs. This reference genome will allow researchers to study the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites in much greater detail, opening new avenues of investigation for drug discovery and fragrance formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E. Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc Altorfer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dessus-Babus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Burckhardt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mevion Oertli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Petersen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Wong
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Yousefsani BS, Boozari M, Shirani K, Jamshidi A, Dadmehr M. A review on phytochemical and therapeutic potential of Iris germanica. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:611-625. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Iris germanica L. is a medicinal plant, which has a long history of uses, mainly in medieval Persia and many places worldwide for the management of a wide variety of diseases. In this study, we aimed to review ethnopharmacological applications in addition to phytochemical and pharmacological properties of I. germanica.
Key findings
Ethnomedical uses of I. germanica have been reported from many countries such as China, Pakistan, India, Iran and Turkey. The medicinal part of I. germanica is the rhizome and the roots. Based on phytochemical investigations, different bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, sterols, phenolics, ceramides and benzoquinones, have been identified in its medicinal parts. Current pharmacological studies represent that the plant possesses several biological and therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects.
Summary
Although the majority of preclinical studies reported various pharmacological activities of this plant, however, sufficient clinical trials are not currently available. Therefore, to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy and therapeutic activities of I. germanica and its bioactive compounds, further clinical and experimental studies are required. Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the pharmacokinetic and safety studies on the extracts of I. germanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Jamshidi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Dadmehr
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amin HIM, Hussain FHS, Najmaldin SK, Thu ZM, Ibrahim MF, Gilardoni G, Vidari G. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020264. [PMID: 33430398 PMCID: PMC7827031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Correspondence: (H.I.M.A.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-380-6359340 (H.I.M.A.); +39-334-3782582 (G.V.)
| | - Faiq H. S. Hussain
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
| | - Soran K. Najmaldin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
| | - Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay 03044, Myanmar;
| | | | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador;
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Medical Analysis Department, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.I.M.A.); (G.V.); Tel.: +39-380-6359340 (H.I.M.A.); +39-334-3782582 (G.V.)
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Chen X, Zhang X, Ma Y, Deng Z, Geng C, Chen J. Iridal-type triterpenoids with anti-HBV activity from Iris confusa. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:126-132. [PMID: 29906558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five new iridal-type triterpenoids, named as spirioiridoconfal A-C (1-3), isobelamcandal (4) and 17-hydroxyl-27-ene-iridal (5), along with one known compound (6) were isolated from the whole plant of Iris confusa. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 3 and 6 showed moderate activity against HBV DNA replication in vitro with the IC50 value at 84.6 ± 24.9 (SI = 2.1) and 58.6 ± 6.1 (SI = 12.7) μM relatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xiuqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Yunbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Zhentao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Changan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Jijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, PR China.
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New C 16 -noriridals and formyl-monocycloiridals from the rhizomes of Iris pseudoacorus. Fitoterapia 2018; 124:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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