1
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Huang M, Chen J, Yang X, Zheng Y, Ma Y, Sun K, Han N, Bian H, Qiu T, Wang J. A unique mutation in PIN-FORMED1 and a genetic pathway for reduced sensitivity of Arabidopsis roots to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14120. [PMID: 38148206 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The small chemical N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) has long been used as a polar auxin transport inhibitor. Recent biochemical and structural investigations have revealed that this molecule competes with the auxin IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) inside the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carriers. However, the existence of any mutations in PIN family proteins capable of uncoupling the docking of IAA from NPA remains unclear. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings overexpressing SMALL AUXIN UP RNA 41 were hypersensitive to NPA-induced root elongation inhibition. We mutagenized this line to improve the genetic screening efficiency for NPA hyposensitivity mutants. Using bulked segregation analysis and mapping-by-sequencing assessment of these mutants, we identified a core genetic pathway for NPA-induced root elongation inhibition, including genes required for auxin biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling. To evaluate specific changes of auxin signaling activity in mutant roots before and after NPA treatment, the DR5::GFP/DR5::YFP markers were introduced and observed. Most importantly, we discovered a unique mutation in the PIN1 protein, substituting a proline residue with leucine at position 584, leading to a loss of NPA sensitivity while keeping the auxin efflux capacity. Transforming the null mutant pin1-201 with the PIN1::PIN1P584L -GFP fusion construct rescued the PIN1 function and provided NPA hyposensitivity. The proline residue is predicted to be adjacent to a hinge in the middle region of the ninth transmembrane helix of PIN1 and is conserved from moss to higher plants. Our work may bring new insights into the engineering of NPA-resistant PINs for auxin biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Ricci A, Polverini E, Bruno S, Dramis L, Ceresini D, Scarano A, Diaz-Sala C. New Insights into the Enhancement of Adventitious Root Formation Using N,N'-Bis(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3610. [PMID: 37896073 PMCID: PMC10610038 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a process of postembryonic organogenesis strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors. Although adventitious rooting has been exploited in vegetative propagation programs for many plant species, it is a bottleneck for vegetative multiplication of difficult-to-root species, such as many woody species. The purpose of this research was to understand how N,N'-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea could exert its already reported adventitious rooting adjuvant activity, starting from the widely accepted knowledge that adventitious rooting is a hormonally tuned progressive process. Here, by using specific in vitro bioassays, histological analyses, molecular docking simulations and in vitro enzymatic bioassays, we have demonstrated that this urea derivative does not interfere with polar auxin transport; it inhibits cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX); and, possibly, it interacts with the apoplastic portion of the auxin receptor ABP1. As a consequence of this dual binding capacity, the lifespan of endogenous cytokinins could be locally increased and, at the same time, auxin signaling could be favored. This combination of effects could lead to a cell fate transition, which, in turn, could result in increased adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Polverini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Dramis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Ceresini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmen Diaz-Sala
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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3
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Nishimura T, Makigawa S, Sun J, Kodama K, Sugiyama H, Matsumoto K, Iwata T, Wasano N, Kano A, Morita MT, Fujii Y, Shindo M. Design and synthesis of strong root gravitropism inhibitors with no concomitant growth inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5173. [PMID: 36997582 PMCID: PMC10063617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a highly potent gravitropic bending inhibitor with no concomitant growth inhibition. Previously, we reported that (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) selectively inhibits root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM. Based on the structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized various C4-substituted analogs of ku-76. Among the analogs, 4-phenylethynyl analog exhibited the highest potency for gravitropic bending inhibition, which was effective at only 0.01 μM. Remarkably, 4-phenylethynyl analog is much more potent than the known inhibitor, NPA. Substitution in the para position on the aromatic ring of 4-phenylethynyl group was tolerated without diminished activity. In addition, evaluation using Arabidopsis indicated that 4-phenylethynyl analog inhibits gravitropism by affecting auxin distribution in the root tips. Based on the effects on Arabidopsis phenotypes, 4-phenylethynyl analog may be a novel inhibitor that differs in action from the previously reported auxin transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Saki Makigawa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun Sun
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kozue Kodama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwata
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naoya Wasano
- International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kano
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
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4
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Luo L, Zhu M, Jia L, Xie Y, Wang Z, Xuan W. Ammonium transporters cooperatively regulate rice crown root formation responding to ammonium nitrogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3671-3685. [PMID: 35176162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crown roots (CRs) are major components of the rice root system. They form at the basal node of the shoot, and their development is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Ammonium nitrogen is known to impact plant root development through ammonium transporters (AMTs), but it remains unclear whether ammonium and AMTs play roles in rice CR formation. In this study, we revealed a significant role of ammonium, rather than nitrate, in regulating rice CR development. High ammonium supply increases CR formation but inhibits CR elongation. Genetic evidence showed that ammonium regulation of CR development relies on ammonium uptake mediated jointly by ammonium transporters OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2; OsAMT1;3, and OsAMT2;1, but not on root acidification which was the result of ammonium uptake. OsAMTs are also needed for glutamine-induced CR formation. Furthermore, we showed that polar auxin transport dependent on the PIN auxin efflux carriers acts downstream of ammonium uptake and assimilation to activate local auxin signaling at CR primordia, in turn promoting CR formation. Taken together, our results highlight a critical role for OsAMTs in cooperatively regulating CR formation through regulating auxin transport under nitrogen-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Luo
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Letian Jia
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Lacek J, García-González J, Weckwerth W, Retzer K. Lessons Learned from the Studies of Roots Shaded from Direct Root Illumination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12784. [PMID: 34884591 PMCID: PMC8657594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The root is the below-ground organ of a plant, and it has evolved multiple signaling pathways that allow adaptation of architecture, growth rate, and direction to an ever-changing environment. Roots grow along the gravitropic vector towards beneficial areas in the soil to provide the plant with proper nutrients to ensure its survival and productivity. In addition, roots have developed escape mechanisms to avoid adverse environments, which include direct illumination. Standard laboratory growth conditions for basic research of plant development and stress adaptation include growing seedlings in Petri dishes on medium with roots exposed to light. Several studies have shown that direct illumination of roots alters their morphology, cellular and biochemical responses, which results in reduced nutrient uptake and adaptability upon additive stress stimuli. In this review, we summarize recent methods that allow the study of shaded roots under controlled laboratory conditions and discuss the observed changes in the results depending on the root illumination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria;
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
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6
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Oka M, Kamada M, Inoue R, Miyamoto K, Uheda E, Yamazaki C, Shimazu T, Sano H, Kasahara H, Suzuki T, Higashibata A, Ueda J. Altered localisation of ZmPIN1a proteins in plasma membranes responsible for enhanced-polar auxin transport in etiolated maize seedlings under microgravity conditions in space. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:1062-1072. [PMID: 32635987 DOI: 10.1071/fp20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the International Space Station experiment 'Auxin Transport', polar auxin transport (PAT) in shoots of etiolated maize (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross Bantam) grown under microgravity in space was substantially enhanced compared with those grown on Earth. To clarify the mechanism, the effects of microgravity on expression of ZmPIN1a encoding essential auxin efflux carrier and cellular localisation of its products were investigated. The amounts of ZmPIN1a mRNA in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls in space-grown seedlings were almost the same as those in 1 g-grown seedlings, but its products were not. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-ZmPIN1a antibody revealed a majority of ZmPIN1a localised in the basal side of plasma membranes of endodermal cells in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls, and in the basal and lateral sides of plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, in which it directed towards the radial direction, but not towards the vascular bundle direction. Microgravity dramatically altered ZmPIN1a localisation in plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, shifting mainly towards the vascular bundle direction. These results suggest that mechanism of microgravity-enhanced PAT in maize shoots is more likely to be due to the enhanced ZmPIN1a accumulation and the altered ZmPIN1a localisation in parenchymatous cells of the coleoptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Oka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Motoshi Kamada
- Future Development Division, Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd, 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Riko Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Uheda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamazaki
- JEM Mission Operations and Integration Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Toru Shimazu
- Technology and Research Promotion Department, Japan Space Forum, Shin-Otemachi Bldg., 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Utilization Engineering Department, Japan Manned Space Systems Corporation, Space Station Test Building, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasahara
- Kibo Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Tomomi Suzuki
- Kibo Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Higashibata
- Kibo Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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8
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Li YH, Mo YW, Wang SB, Zhang Z. Auxin efflux carriers, MiPINs, are involved in adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:15-26. [PMID: 32105796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots form only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) but not at the distal cut surface (DCS) of mango cotyledon segments. In this study, mango embryos treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed significantly increased adventitious root formation, while those treated with 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) demonstrated complete inhibition of adventitious rooting. Mango embryos treated with auxin influx inhibitors demonstrated lower inhibition of adventitious roots than those treated with TIBA. The endogenous indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) content on the PCS and DCS was similar at 0 h, then increased on both surfaces after 6 h, and IAA content on the PCS were always higher than those on the DCS. We cloned three genes encoding auxin efflux carriers (i.e., MiPIN2-4) and examined their temporal and spatial expression patterns under different treatments. Relative expression of all MiPINs studied was very low at 0 h but significantly increased on both PCS and DCS from 1 d to 10 d, to varying degrees. We overexpressed MiPIN1-4 in Arabidopsis plants and found a significant increase in adventitious root quantity in MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 transgenic lines. Immunofluorescence results showed that MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 are primarily localized in the vascular tissues and the cells adjacent to abaxial surface. In conclusion, we propose that in mango cotyledon segments, wounding stimulates IAA biosynthesis, the transcription levels of PIN genes were significantly increased in different magnitudes on the PCS and DCS, resulting in polar IAA transport from the DCS to PCS via the vascular tissues, thereby triggering adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Mo
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Song-Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
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9
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Nongmaithem S, Devulapalli S, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Is naphthylphthalamic acid a specific phytotropin? It elevates ethylene and alters metabolic homeostasis in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110358. [PMID: 31928666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid is characteristically transported from the apex towards the base of the plant, termed as polar auxin transport (PAT). Among the inhibitors blocking PAT, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) that targets ABCB transporters is most commonly used. NPA-treated light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings show severe inhibition of hypocotyl and root elongation. In light-grown tomato seedlings, NPA inhibited root growth, but contrary to Arabidopsis stimulated hypocotyl elongation. The NPA-stimulation of hypocotyl elongation was milder in blue, red, and far-red light-grown seedlings. The NPA-treatment stimulated emission of ethylene from the seedlings. The scrubbing of ethylene by mercuric perchlorate reduced NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation. NPA action on hypocotyl elongation was antagonized by 1-methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene action. NPA-treated seedlings had reduced levels of indole-3-butyric acid and higher levels of zeatin in the shoots. NPA did not alter indole-3-acetic levels in shoots. The analysis of metabolic networks indicated that NPA-treatment induced moderate shifts in the networks compared to exogenous ethylene that induced a drastic shift in metabolic networks. Our results indicate that in addition to ethylene, NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation in tomato may also involve zeatin and indole-3- butyric acid. Our results indicate that NPA-mediated physiological responses may vary in a species-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Nongmaithem
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sameera Devulapalli
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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10
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Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis of the ABCB, PIN/PIN-LIKES, and AUX/LAX Families Involved in Somatic Embryogenesis of Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020453. [PMID: 31936841 PMCID: PMC7014436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell totipotency is one of the 25 major topics in current scientific research, and somatic embryos are good experimental material for studying cell totipotency. Polar auxin transport plays an important regulatory role in somatic embryogenesis (SE). However, little is known about the auxin transport genes and their regulatory mechanisms in Lilium SE. In this study, we applied single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch. for the first time and obtained a total of 119,649 transcripts, of which 14 encoded auxin transport genes. Correlation analyses between somatic embryo induction and gene expression under different treatments revealed that auxin transport genes, especially ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter B family member 21 (ABCB21) and PIN-FORMED (PIN) LIKES 7 (PILS7), may be key players in SE, and the necessary duration of picloram (PIC) treatment to induce SE is as short as 3 days. Our research provides valuable genetic information on Lilium pumilum, elucidating the candidate auxin transport genes involved in SE and their influencing factors. This study lays a foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of auxin transport in SE.
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Zhao C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wei Z, Sun B, Liang M, Li H, Hu F, Xu L. Regulation of endogenous phytohormones alters the fluoranthene content in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:935-943. [PMID: 31726575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are crucial endogenous modulators that regulate and integrate plant growth and responses to various environmental pollutants, including the uptake of pollutants into the plant. However, possible links between endogenous phytohormone pathways and pollutant accumulation are unclear. Here we describe the fluoranthene uptake, plant growth, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in relation to different endogenous phytohormones and different levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three phytohormone inhibitors-N-1-naphthyl-phthalamic acid (NPA), daminozide (DZ), and silver nitrate (SN)-were used to regulate endogenous auxin, gibberellin, and ethylene levels, respectively. Fluoranthene inhibited plant growth and root proliferation while increasing GST and SOD activity. The three inhibitors reduced fluoranthene levels in Arabidopsis by either affecting plant growth or modulating antioxidant enzyme activity. NPA reduced plant growth and increased CAT activity. SN promoted plant growth and increased POD and CAT activity, whereas DZ increased POD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhou Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Márquez-López RE, Pérez-Hernández C, Ku-González Á, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Loyola-Vargas VM. Localization and transport of indole-3-acetic acid during somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:695-708. [PMID: 29119309 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and polar auxin transport have been implicated in controlling zygotic embryo development, but less is known about their role in the development of somatic embryos. The aim of this study was to determine if indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the PIN1 transporter participate in the induction of somatic embryogenesis (SE) and the development of somatic embryos. The results show that IAA levels gradually increase during pre-treatment and accumulate in the chloroplast. During pre-treatment and the globular stage of SE in C. canephora, auxin is distributed uniformly in all of the cells of the somatic embryo. During the subsequent stages of development, auxins are mobilized to the cells that will form the cotyledons and the root meristem. The location of the PIN transporters shifts from the plasmalemma of the protoderm cells during the globular stage to the plasmalemma of the cells that will give rise to the cotyledons and the vascular tissue in the late stages of somatic embryogenesis. The incubation of the explants in the presence of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) produced aberrant somatic embryos, suggesting that PIN1 mediates the transport of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Márquez-López
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Cleyre Pérez-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ángela Ku-González
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Galaz-Ávalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Teale W, Palme K. Naphthylphthalamic acid and the mechanism of polar auxin transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:303-312. [PMID: 28992080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our current understanding of how plants move auxin through their tissues is largely built on the use of polar auxin transporter inhibitors. Although the most important proteins that mediate auxin transport and its regulation have probably all been identified and the mapping of their interactions is well underway, mechanistically we are still surprisingly far away from understanding how auxin is transported. Such an understanding will only emerge after new data are placed in the context of the wealth of physiological data on which they are founded. This review will look back over the use of a key inhibitor called naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and outline its contribution to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of polar auxin transport, before proceeding to speculate on how its use is likely still to be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Teale
- Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität of Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Sciences (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
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Hu Y, Vandenbussche F, Van Der Straeten D. Regulation of seedling growth by ethylene and the ethylene-auxin crosstalk. PLANTA 2017; 245:467-489. [PMID: 28188422 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights that the auxin gradient, established by local auxin biosynthesis and transport, can be controlled by ethylene, and steers seedling growth. A better understanding of the mechanisms in Arabidopsis will increase potential applications in crop species. In dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings, exogenous ethylene treatment triggers an exaggeration of the apical hook, the inhibition of both hypocotyl and root elongation, and radial swelling of the hypocotyl. These features are predominantly based on the differential cell elongation in different cells/tissues mediated by an auxin gradient. Interestingly, the physiological responses regulated by ethylene and auxin crosstalk can be either additive or synergistic, as in primary root and root hair elongation, or antagonistic, as in hypocotyl elongation. This review focuses on the crosstalk of these two hormones at the seedling stage. Before illustrating the crosstalk, ethylene and auxin biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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