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Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081498. [PMID: 35893556 PMCID: PMC9394342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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Lübeck M, Lübeck PS. Fungal Cell Factories for Efficient and Sustainable Production of Proteins and Peptides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040753. [PMID: 35456803 PMCID: PMC9025306 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are a large and diverse taxonomically group of microorganisms found in all habitats worldwide. They grow as a network of cells called hyphae. Since filamentous fungi live in very diverse habitats, they produce different enzymes to degrade material for their living, for example hydrolytic enzymes to degrade various kinds of biomasses. Moreover, they produce defense proteins (antimicrobial peptides) and proteins for attaching surfaces (hydrophobins). Many of them are easy to cultivate in different known setups (submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation) and their secretion of proteins and enzymes are often much larger than what is seen from yeast and bacteria. Therefore, filamentous fungi are in many industries the preferred production hosts of different proteins and enzymes. Edible fungi have traditionally been used as food, such as mushrooms or in fermented foods. New trends are to use edible fungi to produce myco-protein enriched foods. This review gives an overview of the different kinds of proteins, enzymes, and peptides produced by the most well-known fungi used as cell factories for different purposes and applications. Moreover, we describe some of the challenges that are important to consider when filamentous fungi are optimized as efficient cell factories.
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Fan H, Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Song B, Xu H, Zhai Y, Qiao M, Sun F. A cryo-electron microscopy support film formed by 2D crystals of hydrophobin HFBI. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7257. [PMID: 34907237 PMCID: PMC8671466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a powerful tool to resolve high-resolution structures of biomacromolecules in solution. However, air-water interface induced preferred orientations, dissociation or denaturation of biomacromolecules during cryo-vitrification remains a limiting factor for many specimens. To solve this bottleneck, we developed a cryo-EM support film using 2D crystals of hydrophobin HFBI. The hydrophilic side of the HFBI film adsorbs protein particles via electrostatic interactions and sequesters them from the air-water interface, allowing the formation of sufficiently thin ice for high-quality data collection. The particle orientation distribution can be regulated by adjusting the buffer pH. Using this support, we determined the cryo-EM structures of catalase (2.29 Å) and influenza haemagglutinin trimer (2.56 Å), which exhibited strong preferred orientations using a conventional cryo-vitrification protocol. We further show that the HFBI film is suitable to obtain high-resolution structures of small proteins, including aldolase (150 kDa, 3.28 Å) and haemoglobin (64 kDa, 3.6 Å). Our work suggests that HFBI films may have broad future applications in increasing the success rate and efficiency of cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Song
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, 101400, Beijing, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Landeta-Salgado C, Cicatiello P, Lienqueo ME. Mycoprotein and hydrophobin like protein produced from marine fungi Paradendryphiella salina in submerged fermentation with green seaweed Ulva spp. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Hydrophobin HGFI improving the nanoparticle formation, stability and solubility of Curcumin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Andreu C, Gómez-Peinado J, Winandy L, Fischer R, Del Olmo ML. Surface display of HFBI and DewA hydrophobins on Saccharomyces cerevisiae modifies tolerance to several adverse conditions and biocatalytic performance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1505-1518. [PMID: 33484321 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are relatively small proteins produced naturally by filamentous fungi with interesting biotechnological and biomedical applications given their self-assembly capacity, efficient adherence to natural and artificial surfaces, and to introduce modifications on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of surfaces. In this work we demonstrate the efficient expression on the S. cerevisiae cell surface of class II HFBI of Trichoderma reesei and class I DewA of Aspergillus nidulans, a hydrophobin not previously exposed, using the Yeast Surface Display a-agglutinin (Aga1-Aga2) system. We show that the resulting modifications affect surface properties, and also yeast cells' resistance to several adverse conditions. The fact that viability of the engineered strains increases under heat and osmotic stress is particularly interesting. Besides, improved biocatalytic activity toward the reduction of ketone 1-phenoxypropan-2-one takes place in the reactions carried out at both 30 °C and 40 °C, within a concentration range between 0.65 and 2.5 mg/mL. These results suggest interesting potential applications for hydrophobin-exposing yeasts. KEY POINTS : • Class I hydrophobin DewA can be efficiently exposed on S. cerevisiae cell surfaces. • Yeast exposure of HFBI and DewA increases osmotic and heat resistance. • Engineered strains show modified biocatalytic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Andreu
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Peinado
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lex Winandy
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Li Del Olmo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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7
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Kulkarni SS, Nene SN, Joshi KS. Exploring malted barley waste for fungi producing surface active proteins like hydrophobins. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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8
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Cheng Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Yang L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yang H, Wang Z. Soluble hydrophobin mutants produced in Escherichia coli can self-assemble at various interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:384-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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He X, Gong X, Li W, Cao W, Yan J, Guo R, Niu B, Jia L. Preparation and Characterization of Amphiphilic Composites Made with Double‐Modified (Etherified and Esterified) Potato Starches. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Gong
- Agriculture and Forestry Technologically CollegeHebei North UniversityZhangjiakou075000P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Wenling Cao
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Jianghao Yan
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Guo
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Baolong Niu
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
- Key Laboratoryof Interface Science Engineering in Advanced MaterialsTaiyuan University of TechnologyMinistry of EducationTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Lan Jia
- College of Materials Science EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
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Sallada ND, Harkins LE, Berger BW. Effect of gene copy number and chaperone coexpression on recombinant hydrophobin HFBI biosurfactant production in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2029-2040. [PMID: 30934110 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small highly surface-active fungal proteins with potential as biosurfactants in a wide array of applications. However, practical implementation of hydrophobins at large scale has been hindered by low recombinant yields. In this study, the effects of increasing hydrophobin gene copy number and overexpressing endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone proteins Kar2p, Pdi1p, and Ero1p were explored as a means to enhance recombinant yields of the class II hydrophobin HFBI in the eukaryotic expression host Pichia pastoris. One-, 2-, and 3-copy-HFBI strains were attained using an in vitro multimer ligation approach, with strains displaying copy number stability following subsequent transformations as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Increasing HFBI copy number alone had no effect on increasing HFBI secretion, but increasing copy number in concert with chaperone overexpression synergistically increased HFBI secretion. Overexpression of PDI1 or ERO1 caused insignificant changes in HFBI secretion in 1- and 2-copy strains, but a statistically significant HFBI secretion increase in 3-copy strain. KAR2 overexpression consistently resulted in enhanced HFBI secretion in all copy number strains, with 3-copy-HFBI secreting 22±1.6 fold more than the 1-copy-HFBI/no chaperone strain. The highest increase was seen in 3-copy-HFBI/Ero1p overexpressing strain with 30±4.0 fold increase in HFBI secretion over 1-copy-HFBI/no chaperone strain. This corresponded to an expression level of approximately 330 mg/L HFBI in the 5 ml small-scale format used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D Sallada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lauren E Harkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bryan W Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Zhang H, Ji S, Guo R, Zhou C, Wang Y, Fan H, Liu Z. Hydrophobin HFBII-4 from Trichoderma asperellum induces antifungal resistance in poplar. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:603-612. [PMID: 30982213 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the class II hydrophobin gene HFBII-4 was cloned from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 and recombinant rHFBII-4 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Treatment of Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap poplar) with rHFBII-4 altered the expression levels of genes in the auxin, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction pathways. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activities were induced with rHFBII-4. Evans Blue and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining indicated that cell membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species were lower in the leaves of plants treated with rHFBII-4. The chlorophyll content was higher than that of control at 2-5 days after treatment. Furthermore, poplar seedlings were inoculated with Alternaria alternata, disease symptoms were observed. The diseased area was smaller in leaves induced with rHFBII-4 compared with control. In summary, rHFBII-4 enhances resistance to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shida Ji
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haijuan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Trotel-Aziz P, Abou-Mansour E, Courteaux B, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Fontaine F, Aziz A. Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 Counteracts Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine, Triggering Immune Responses and Detoxification of Fungal Phytotoxins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30733727 PMCID: PMC6354549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens have evolved various strategies to enter hosts and cause diseases. Particularly Neofusicoccum parvum, a member of Botryosphaeria dieback consortium, can secrete the phytotoxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein during grapevine colonization. The contribution of phytotoxins to Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms still remains unknown. Moreover, there are currently no efficient control strategies of this disease, and agro-environmental concerns have raised increasing interest in biocontrol strategies to limit disease spread in vineyards, especially by using some promising beneficial bacteria. Here, we first examined in planta the biocontrol capacity of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 against N. parvum Np-Bt67 strain producing both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein. We then focused on the direct effects of PTA-271 on pathogen growth and the fate of pure phytotoxins, and explored the capacity of PTA-271 to induce or prime grapevine immunity upon pathogen infection or phytotoxin exposure. Results provided evidence that PTA-271 significantly protects grapevine cuttings against N. parvum and significantly primes the expression of PR2 (encoding a β-1,3-glucanase) and NCED2 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis) genes upon pathogen challenge. Using in vitro plantlets, we also showed that PTA-271 triggers the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive genes, including GST1 (encoding a glutathione-S-transferase) involved in detoxification process. However, in PTA-271-pretreated plantlets, exogenous (-)-terremutin strongly lowered the expression of most of upregulated genes, except GST1. Data also indicated that PTA-271 can detoxify both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein and antagonize N. parvum under in vitro conditions. Our findings highlight (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein as key aggressive molecules produced by N. parvum that may weaken grapevine immunity to promote Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms. However, PTA-271 can efficiently attenuate Botryosphaeria dieback by enhancing some host immune responses and detoxifying both phytotoxins produced by N. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Barbara Courteaux
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Research Unit EA 4707 RIBP, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Berger BW, Sallada ND. Hydrophobins: multifunctional biosurfactants for interface engineering. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:10. [PMID: 30679947 PMCID: PMC6343262 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are highly surface-active proteins that have versatile potential as agents for interface engineering. Due to the large and growing number of unique hydrophobin sequences identified, there is growing potential to engineer variants for particular applications using protein engineering and other approaches. Recent applications and advancements in hydrophobin technologies and production strategies are reviewed. The application space of hydrophobins is large and growing, including hydrophobic drug solubilization and delivery, protein purification tags, tools for protein and cell immobilization, antimicrobial coatings, biosensors, biomineralization templates and emulsifying agents. While there is significant promise for their use in a wide range of applications, developing new production strategies is a key need to improve on low recombinant yields to enable their use in broader applications; further optimization of expression systems and yields remains a challenge in order to use designed hydrophobin in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W. Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, P.O. Box 400259, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 214 Chem. Eng., 102 Engineers’ Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Nathanael D. Sallada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, P.O. Box 400259, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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Cloning and heterologous expression of a hydrophobin gene Ltr.hyd from the tiger milk mushroom Lentinus tuber-regium in yeast-like cells of Tremella fuciformis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sallada ND, Dunn KJ, Berger BW. A Structural and Functional Role for Disulfide Bonds in a Class II Hydrophobin. Biochemistry 2018; 57:645-653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Sallada
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kerri J. Dunn
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111
Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Bryan W. Berger
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111
Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Przylucka A, Akcapinar GB, Bonazza K, Mello-de-Sousa TM, Mach-Aigner AR, Lobanov V, Grothe H, Kubicek CP, Reimhult E, Druzhinina IS. COMPARATIVE PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROPHOBINS PRODUCED IN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND PICHIA PASTORIS. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:913-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Investigation of the relationship between the rodlet formation and Cys3–Cys4 loop of the HGFI hydrophobin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Song D, Gao Z, Zhao L, Wang X, Xu H, Bai Y, Zhang X, Linder MB, Feng H, Qiao M. High-yield fermentation and a novel heat-precipitation purification method for hydrophobin HGFI from Grifola frondosa in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang Y, Mijiti G, Wang Z, Yu W, Fan H, Zhang R, Liu Z. Functional analysis of the class II hydrophobin gene HFB2-6 from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536. Microbiol Res 2015; 171:8-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Applications of hydrophobins: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:1587-97. [PMID: 25564034 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are proteins exclusively produced by filamentous fungi. They self-assemble at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces into an amphipathic film. This protein film renders hydrophobic surfaces of gas bubbles, liquids, or solid materials wettable, while hydrophilic surfaces can be turned hydrophobic. These properties, among others, make hydrophobins of interest for medical and technical applications. For instance, hydrophobins can be used to disperse hydrophobic materials; to stabilize foam in food products; and to immobilize enzymes, peptides, antibodies, cells, and anorganic molecules on surfaces. At the same time, they may be used to prevent binding of molecules. Furthermore, hydrophobins have therapeutic value as immunomodulators and can been used to produce recombinant proteins.
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Li W, Gong Y, Xu H, Qiao M, Niu B. Identification properties of a recombinant class I hydrophobin rHGFI. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:658-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Niu B, Gong Y, Gao X, Xu H, Qiao M, Li W. The functional role of Cys3-Cys4 loop in hydrophobin HGFI. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2615-25. [PMID: 25240738 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are a large group of low-molecular weight proteins. These proteins are highly surface-active and can form amphipathic membranes by self-assembling at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces. Based on physical properties and hydropathy profiles, hydrophobins are divided into two classes. Upon the analysis of amino acid sequences and higher structures, some models suggest that the Cys3-Cys4 loop regions in class I and II hydrophobins can exhibit remarkable difference in their alignment and conformation, and have a critical role in the rodlets structure formation. To examine the requirement for the Cys3-Cys4 loop in class I hydrophobins, we used protein fusion technology to obtain a mutant protein HGFI-AR by replacing the amino acids between Cys3 and Cys4 of the class I hydrophobin HGFI from Grifola frondosa with those ones between Cys3 and Cys4 of the class II hydrophobin HFBI from Trichoderma reesei. The gene of the mutant protein HGFI-AR was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Water contact angle (WCA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements demonstrated that the purified HGFI-AR could form amphipathic membranes by self-assembling at mica and hydrophobic polystyrene surfaces. This property enabled them to alter the surface wettabilities of polystyrene and mica and change the elemental composition of siliconized glass. In comparison to recombinant class I hydrophobin HGFI (rHGFI), the membranes formed on hydrophobic surfaces by HGFI-AR were not robust enough to resist 1 % hot SDS washing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicated that unlike rHGFI, no rodlet structure was observed on the mutant protein HGFI-AR coated mica surface. In addition, when compared to rHGFI, no secondary structural change was detected by Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy after HGFI-AR self-assembled at the water-air interface. HGFI-AR could not either be deemed responsible for the fluorescence intensity increase of Thioflavin T (THT) and the Congo Red (CR) absorption spectra shift (after the THT(CR)/HGFI-AR mixed aqueous solution was drastically vortexed). Remarkably, replacement of the Cys3-Cys4 loop could impair the rodlet formation of the class I hydrophobin HGFI. So, it could be speculated that the Cys3-Cys4 loop plays an important role in conformation and functionality, when the class I hydrophobin HGFI self-assembles at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
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Green AJ, Littlejohn KA, Hooley P, Cox PW. Formation and stability of food foams and aerated emulsions: Hydrophobins as novel functional ingredients. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Danov KD, Radulova GM, Kralchevsky PA, Golemanov K, Stoyanov SD. Surface shear rheology of hydrophobin adsorption layers: laws of viscoelastic behaviour with applications to long-term foam stability. Faraday Discuss 2012; 158:195-221; discussion 239-66. [PMID: 23234168 DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stabilization of foams by proteins for food applications is related to the ability of proteins to form dense and mechanically strong adsorption layers that cover the bubbles in the foams. The hydrophobins represent a class of proteins that form adsorption layers of extraordinary high shear elasticity and mechanical strength, much higher than that of the common milk and egg proteins. Our investigation of pure and mixed (with added beta-casein) hydrophobin layers revealed that their rheological behavior obeys a compound rheological model, which represents a combination of the Maxwell and Herschel-Bulkley laws. It is remarkable that the combined law is obeyed not only in the simplest regime of constant shear rate (angle ramp), but also in the regime of oscillatory shear strain. The surface shear elasticity and viscosity, E(sh) and eta(sh), are determined as functions of the shear rate by processing the data for the storage and loss moduli, G' and G''. At greater strain amplitudes, the spectrum of the stress contains not only the first Fourier mode, but also the third one. The method is extended to this non-linear regime, where the rheological parameters are determined by theoretical fit of the experimental Lissajous plot. The addition of beta-casein to the hydrophobin leads to softer adsorption layers, as indicated by their lower shear elasticity and viscosity. The developed approach to the rheological characterization of interfacial layers allows optimization and control of the performance of mixed protein adsorption layers with applications in food foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krassimir D Danov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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