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Stump CL, Casero RA, Phanstiel O, DiAngelo JR, Nowotarski SL. Elucidating the Role of Chmp1 Overexpression in the Transport of Polyamines in Drosophila melanogaster. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:45. [PMID: 36135830 PMCID: PMC9502369 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic cations that are essential for many biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. While the metabolism of polyamines has been well studied, the mechanisms by which polyamines are transported into and out of cells are poorly understood. Here, we describe a novel role of Chmp1, a vesicular trafficking protein, in the transport of polyamines using a well-defined leg imaginal disc assay in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We show that Chmp1 overexpression had no effect on leg development in Drosophila, but does attenuate the negative impact on leg development of Ant44, a cytotoxic drug known to enter cells through the polyamine transport system (PTS), suggesting that the overexpression of Chmp1 downregulated the PTS. Moreover, we showed that the addition of spermine did not rescue the leg development in Chmp1-overexpressing leg discs treated with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine metabolism, while putrescine and spermidine did, suggesting that there may be unique mechanisms of import for individual polyamines. Thus, our data provide novel insight into the underlying mechanisms that are involved in polyamine transport and highlight the utility of the Drosophila imaginal disc assay as a fast and easy way to study potential players involved in the PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coryn L. Stump
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA 19610, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Justin R. DiAngelo
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA 19610, USA
| | - Shannon L. Nowotarski
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA 19610, USA
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Morales TS, Avis EC, Paskowski EK, Shabar H, Nowotarski SL, DiAngelo JR. The Role of Spermidine Synthase (SpdS) and Spermine Synthase (Sms) in Regulating Triglyceride Storage in Drosophila. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9020027. [PMID: 34063217 PMCID: PMC8162547 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small organic cations that are important for several biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of intracellular polyamines is often associated with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and developmental disorders. Although polyamine metabolism has been well studied, the effects of key enzymes in the polyamine pathway on lipid metabolism are not well understood. Here, we determined metabolic effects resulting from the absence of spermidine synthase (SpdS) and spermine synthase (Sms) in Drosophila. While SpdS mutants developed normally and accumulated triglycerides, Sms mutants had reduced viability and stored less triglyceride than the controls. Interestingly, when decreasing SpdS and Sms, specifically in the fat body, triglyceride storage increased. While there was no difference in triglycerides stored in heads, thoraxes and abdomen fat bodies, abdomen fat body DNA content increased, and protein/DNA decreased in both SpdS- and Sms-RNAi flies, suggesting that fat body-specific knockdown of SpdS and Sms causes the production of smaller fat body cells and triglycerides to accumulate in non-fat body tissues of the abdomen. Together, these data provide support for the role that polyamines play in the regulation of metabolism and can help enhance our understanding of polyamine function in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shannon L. Nowotarski
- Correspondence: (S.L.N.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +1-610-396-6005 (S.L.N.); +1-610-396-6441 (J.R.D.)
| | - Justin R. DiAngelo
- Correspondence: (S.L.N.); (J.R.D.); Tel.: +1-610-396-6005 (S.L.N.); +1-610-396-6441 (J.R.D.)
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Štětina T, Hůla P, Moos M, Šimek P, Šmilauer P, Koštál V. Recovery from supercooling, freezing, and cryopreservation stress in larvae of the drosophilid fly, Chymomyza costata. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29535362 PMCID: PMC5849770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological adjustments accompanying insect cold acclimation prior to cold stress have been relatively well explored. In contrast, recovery from cold stress received much less attention. Here we report on recovery of drosophilid fly larvae (Chymomyza costata) from three different levels of cold stress: supercooling to −10 °C, freezing at −30 °C, and cryopreservation at −196 °C. Analysis of larval CO2 production suggested that recovery from all three cold stresses requires access to additional energy reserves to support cold-injury repair processes. Metabolomic profiling (targeting 41 metabolites using mass spectrometry) and custom microarray analysis (targeting 1,124 candidate mRNA sequences) indicated that additional energy was needed to: clear by-products of anaerobic metabolism, deal with oxidative stress, re-fold partially denatured proteins, and remove damaged proteins, complexes and/or organelles. Metabolomic and transcriptomic recovery profiles were closely similar in supercooled and frozen larvae, most of which successfully repaired the cold injury and metamorphosed into adults. In contrast, the majority of cryopreseved larvae failed to proceed in ontogenesis, showed specific metabolic perturbations suggesting impaired mitochondrial function, and failed to up-regulate a set of 116 specific genes potentially linked to repair of cold injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Štětina
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hůla
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Koštál
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. .,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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