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Ou-Yang YN, Deng FF, Wang YJ, Chen M, Yang PF, Yang Z, Tian Z. High-salt diet induces dyslipidemia through the SREBP2/PCSK9 pathway in dahl salt-sensitive rats. Biochimie 2024; 216:34-45. [PMID: 37844755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-salt diet is known to increase serum cholesterol levels; however, the underlying mechanism of salt-induced dyslipidemia in patients with salt-sensitivity remains poorly understood. We aimed to investigate whether high-salt diet (HSD) can induce dyslipidemia and elucidate the underlying mechanism of salt-induced dyslipidemia in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the consumption of an HSD (8 % NaCl) significantly increased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in SS rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated an increase in circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels, accompanied by a decrease in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels due to HSD consumption. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that HSD consumption activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2) expression in the liver and kidney, resulting in upregulation of PCSK9 at the transcriptional level in the liver and at the translational level in the kidney, ultimately increasing circulating PCSK9 levels. The combined effects of HSD on the liver and kidney contributed to the development of hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, an in vitro assay confirmed that high-salt exposure led to an increase in the protein expression of SREBP2 and PCSK9 secretion, thereby reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. This study, for the first time, shows that an HSD induces dyslipidemia through activation of the SREBP2/PCSK9 pathway, providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ou-Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fen-Fen Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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Stadler K, Ilatovskaya DV. Renal Epithelial Mitochondria: Implications for Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5225-5242. [PMID: 38158371 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 2 U.S. adults have hypertension, and more than 1 in 7 chronic kidney disease. In fact, hypertension is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the United States; it is a complex disease characterized by, leading to, and caused by renal dysfunction. It is well-established that hypertensive renal damage is accompanied by mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which are differentially regulated and manifested along the nephron due to the diverse structure and functions of renal cells. This article provides a summary of the relevant knowledge of mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism, focuses on renal mitochondrial function, and discusses the evidence that has been accumulated regarding the role of epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics in the development of renal tissue dysfunction in hypertension. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5225-5242, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Yi X, Yang Y, Li T, Li M, Yao T, Hu G, Wan G, Chang B. Signaling metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid as a metabolic regulator, biomarker, and potential exercise pill. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192458. [PMID: 37313446 PMCID: PMC10258315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling metabolites can effectively regulate the biological functions of many tissues and organs. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a product of valine and thymine catabolism in skeletal muscle, has been reported to participate in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and bone metabolism, as well as in inflammation and oxidative stress. BAIBA is produced during exercise and is involved in the exercise response. No side effect has been observed in human and rat studies, suggesting that BAIBA can be developed as a pill that confers the benefits of exercise to subjects who, for some reason, are unable to do so. Further, BAIBA has been confirmed to participate in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases as an important biological marker of disease. The current review aimed to discuss the roles of BAIBA in multiple physiological processes and the possible pathways of its action, and assess the progress toward the development of BAIBA as an exercise mimic and biomarker with relevance to multiple disease states, in order to provide new ideas and strategies for basic research and disease prevention in related fields.
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Yan P, Zheng X, Liu S, Dong Y, Fu T, Tian Z, Wu Y. Colorimetric Sensor Array for Identification of Proteins and Classification of Metabolic Profiles under Various Osmolyte Conditions. ACS Sens 2023; 8:133-140. [PMID: 36630575 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient detection and identification of proteins hold great promise in medical diagnostics, treatment of different diseases, and proteomics. Here, we present a simple colorimetric sensor array for the differentiation of proteins in various osmolyte solutions. Osmolytes have different influences on the conformation of proteins, which have differential binding to silver nanoparticles, resulting in color changes. The sensor array shows unique color change patterns for each of the 19 proteins, allowing unambiguous identification. Very interestingly, the differentiation of 19 proteins is related to their molecular weight. Moreover, the sensor array can be used to identify protein mixtures, thermal denaturized proteins, and unknown protein samples. Finally, the sensor array can also analyze the plasma or liver samples of the four groups of salt-sensitive rats fed with different diets, indicating that it has the potential for the classification of metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yanhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, PR China
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Audzeyenka I, Szrejder M, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) is a novel regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function in human podocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:766. [PMID: 36641502 PMCID: PMC9840613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes constitute an external layer of the glomerular filtration barrier, injury to which is a hallmark of renal disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction often accompanies podocyte damage and is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) belongs to natural β-amino acids and is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. BAIBA has been reported to be involved in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, but unknown is whether BAIBA influences podocyte bioenergetics. The present study showed that human podocytes express the BAIBA receptor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor type D (MRGPRD), which is sensitive to BAIBA stimulation. The treatment of podocytes with L-BAIBA significantly increased their respiratory parameters, such as basal and maximal respiration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and spare respiratory capacity. We also found that L-BAIBA altered mitochondrial quantity, size, and shape, promoting organelle elongation and branching. L-BAIBA significantly upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and transcription factor A mitochondrial (TFAM), indicating an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics in podocytes, which may be important for maintaining their functions in the renal filtration barrier and prompting further investigations of preventing or ameliorating mitochondrial damage in podocytes in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland. .,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Maria Szrejder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza St. 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Yin B, Wang YB, Li X, Hou XW. β‑aminoisobutyric acid ameliorates hypertensive vascular remodeling via activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in VSMCs. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14382-14401. [PMID: 36694438 PMCID: PMC9995136 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2085583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related vascular remodeling. β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a nonprotein β-amino acid with multiple pharmacological actions. Recently, BAIBA has been shown to attenuate salt‑sensitive hypertension, but the role of BAIBA in hypertension-related vascular remodeling has yet to be fully clarified. This study examined the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of BAIBA in VSMC proliferation and migration induced by hypertension. Primary VSMCs were cultured from the aortas of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Our results showed that BAIBA pretreatment obviously alleviated the phenotypic transformation, proliferation, and migration of SHR-derived VSMCs. Exogenous BAIBA significantly inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines by diminishing phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NFκB, retarding IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, as well as erasing STAT3 phosphorylation in VSMCs. Supplementation of BAIBA triggered Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 and inhibited oxidative stress in VSMCs from SHR. Mechanistically, activation of the AMPK/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis was required for BAIBA to cube hypertension-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, oxidative damage and inflammatory response. Most importantly, exogenous BAIBA alleviated hypertension, ameliorated vascular remodeling and fibrosis, abated vascular oxidative burst and inflammation in SHR, an effect that was abolished by deficiency of AMPKα1 and SIRT1. BAIBA might serve as a novel therapeutic agent to prevent vascular remodeling in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu-Wei Hou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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