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Yu J, Ji L, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang J, Liu C. Bone-brain interaction: mechanisms and potential intervention strategies of biomaterials. Bone Res 2025; 13:38. [PMID: 40097409 PMCID: PMC11914511 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-025-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence, bone-brain interaction has emerged as a research hotspot, unveiling complex bidirectional communication between bone and brain. Studies indicate that bone and brain can influence each other's homeostasis via multiple pathways, yet there is a dearth of systematic reviews in this area. This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas: the influence of bone-derived factors on brain function, the effects of brain-related diseases or injuries (BRDI) on bone health, and the concept of skeletal interoception. Additionally, the review discusses innovative approaches in biomaterial design inspired by bone-brain interaction mechanisms, aiming to facilitate bone-brain interactions through materiobiological effects to aid in the treatment of neurodegenerative and bone-related diseases. Notably, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomaterial design is highlighted, showcasing AI's role in expediting the formulation of effective and targeted treatment strategies. In conclusion, this review offers vital insights into the mechanisms of bone-brain interaction and suggests advanced approaches to harness these interactions in clinical practice. These insights offer promising avenues for preventing and treating complex diseases impacting the skeleton and brain, underscoring the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Luli Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yongxian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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Sun Q, Li CH, Liu QS, Zhang YB, Hu BS, Feng Q, Lang Y. Research status of biomaterials based on physical signals for bone injury repair. Regen Ther 2025; 28:544-557. [PMID: 40027992 PMCID: PMC11872413 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Bone defects repair continues to be a significant challenge facing the world. Biological scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and cells are the three major elements of bone tissue engineering, which have been widely used in bone regeneration therapy, especially with the rise of bioactive molecules in recent years. According to their physical properties, they can be divided into force, magnetic field (MF), electric field (EF), ultrasonic wave, light, heat, etc. However, the transmission of bioactive molecules has obvious shortcomings that hinder the development of the tissue-rearing process. This paper reviews the mechanism of physical signal induction in bone tissue engineering in recent years. It summarizes the application strategies of physical signal in bone tissue engineering, including biomaterial designs, physical signal loading strategies and related pathways. Finally, the ongoing challenges and prospects for the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
| | - Chao-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
| | - Qi-Shun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
| | - Bai-Song Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
| | - Yong Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 311499, China
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Baek JY, Ahn SH, Jang IY, Jung HW, Ji E, Park SJ, Jo Y, Lee E, Ryu D, Hong S, Kim BJ. Elevated Circulating Sclerostin Levels in Frail Older Adults: Implications beyond Bone Health. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2025; 40:73-81. [PMID: 39443828 PMCID: PMC11898323 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sclerostin, initially recognized for its pivotal role in bone metabolism, has gained attention for its multifaceted impact on overall human health. However, its influence on frailty-a condition that best reflects biological age-has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS We collected blood samples from 244 older adults who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessments. Sclerostin levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Frailty was assessed using two validated approaches: the phenotypic model by Fried and the deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) by Rockwood. RESULTS After controlling for sex, age, and body mass index, we found that serum sclerostin levels were significantly elevated in frail individuals compared to their robust counterparts (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum sclerostin concentrations and the FI (P<0.001). Each standard deviation increase in serum sclerostin was associated with an odds ratio of 1.87 for frailty (P=0.003). Moreover, participants in the highest quartile of sclerostin levels had a significantly higher FI and a 9.91-fold increased odds of frailty compared to those in the lowest quartile (P=0.003 and P=0.039, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings, which for the first time explore the association between circulating sclerostin levels and frailty, have significant clinical implications, positioning sclerostin as one of potential blood-based biomarkers for frailty that captures the comprehensive physical, mental, and social aspects of the elderly, extending beyond its traditional role in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Baek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhye Ji
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Jeong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seongbin Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kobayashi Y, Iwamoto R, He Z, Udagawa N. Wnt family members regulating osteogenesis and their origins. J Bone Miner Metab 2025; 43:39-45. [PMID: 39283365 PMCID: PMC11954845 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Wnt activates the β-catenin-mediated canonical pathway and β-catenin-independent non-canonical pathway. When Wnt ligands bind to the co-receptors low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (Lrp)5 or Lrp6, and a seven-transmembrane receptor frizzled, the canonical pathway is activated. On the other hand, when Wnt ligands bind to the receptor complex consisting of the co-receptor receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror)1 and Ror2 or Ryk and frizzled, the non-canonical pathway is activated. An analysis of loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in molecules involved in Wnt signaling (ligands, receptors, and inhibitors) has revealed the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone metabolism. In this review, based on transcriptome analyses of Wnt expression in bone tissues including single cell RNA sequence analysis and previous literatures, we herein introduce and discussed the latest findings on the mechanisms by which Wnt ligand mutations impair bone metabolism, especially bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri, Nahano, 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Rina Iwamoto
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri, Nahano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri, Nahano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri, Nahano, 399-0781, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
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Schulz RE, Abrão-Neto MC, Claudio TP, de Souza VG, Rivero ERC, Gondak RO, Rabelo GD. Interaction Between Sclerostin and Mast Cells in Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaws. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 39740106 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sclerostin, β-catenin, and tryptase expression in fibro-osseous lesions (FOL) of the jaws. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for these proteins on FOL and non-lesional bone. The sclerostin-positive cells were scored from 0 (no expression) to 3 (high expression). RESULTS We analyzed 46 FOL biopsies and selected 38 patients. Categorization showed 15 fibrous dysplasia (FD), eight juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF), two psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (PsOF), and 13 FOL. We found more sclerostin-positive cells in fibrous tissue than in bone, showing a phenotype like mast cells with strong dot-cytoplasmic positivity. The analysis of sclerostin-positive cell lesions (scored as 2 and 3) showed also tryptase positivity in 80.9% of 21 biopsies. β-catenin was diffusely expressed on the fibrous component, mostly with cytosol staining. Non-lesional bone showed sclerostin expression in medullary spaces and a few osteocytes. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin-positive cells are mostly found in the fibrous tissue of FOL, and the tryptase mast cell marker was present in most of the lesions that were positive for sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riéli Elis Schulz
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michel Calil Abrão-Neto
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves Universitary Center - UNIPTAN, São João Del Rey, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pires Claudio
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Gondak
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Li Y, Luo Y, Huang D, Peng L. Sclerostin as a new target of diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1491066. [PMID: 39720253 PMCID: PMC11666367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1491066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a protein synthesized by bone cells, is a product of the SOST gene. Sclerostin is a potent soluble inhibitor of the WNT signaling pathway, and is known to inhibit bone formation by inhibiting osteocyte differentiation and function. Currently, sclerostin has been the subject of numerous animal experiments and clinical investigations. By conducting a literature review, we have gained insights into the most recent advancements in research. Patients with both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes have high levels of serum sclerostin. Patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are both more likely to suffer from osteoporosis, and serum sclerostin levels are elevated in osteoporosis. Many studies have confirmed that sclerostin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, so we speculate that sclerostin plays an important role in osteoporosis through the glucose metabolism pathway, which may promote the osteoporosis of morbidity in type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Based on this, we propose whether serum sclerostin can predict type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis, and whether it can be a new target for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-induced osteoporosis, providing new ideas for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaheng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Debin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lele Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Want Want Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Szeliga A, Grymowicz M, Kostrzak A, Smolarczyk R, Bala G, Smolarczyk K, Meczekalski B, Suchta K. Bone: A Neglected Endocrine Organ? J Clin Med 2024; 13:3889. [PMID: 38999458 PMCID: PMC11242793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been viewed in the context of its structural contribution to the human body. Foremost providing necessary support for mobility, its roles in supporting calcium homeostasis and blood cell production are often afterthoughts. Recent research has further shed light on the ever-multifaceted role of bone and its importance not only for structure, but also as a complex endocrine organ producing hormones responsible for the autoregulation of bone metabolism. Osteocalcin is one of the most important substances produced in bone tissue. Osteocalcin in circulation increases insulin secretion and sensitivity, lowers blood glucose, and decreases visceral adipose tissue. In males, it has also been shown to enhance testosterone production by the testes. Neuropeptide Y is produced by various cell types including osteocytes and osteoblasts, and there is evidence suggesting that peripheral NPY is important for regulation of bone formation. Hormonal disorders are often associated with abnormal levels of bone turnover markers. These include commonly used bone formation markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and procollagen I N-propeptide) and commonly used resorption markers (serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen, urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5b). Bone, however, is not exclusively comprised of osseous tissue. Bone marrow adipose tissue, an endocrine organ often compared to visceral adipose tissue, is found between trabecula in the bone cortex. It secretes a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines, and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Grymowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kostrzak
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gregory Bala
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Suchta
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland
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Deng AF, Wang FX, Wang SC, Zhang YZ, Bai L, Su JC. Bone-organ axes: bidirectional crosstalk. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:37. [PMID: 38867330 PMCID: PMC11167910 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its recognized role in providing structural support, bone plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and balance of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (also known as osteokines). This reciprocal influence extends to these organs modulating bone homeostasis and development, although this aspect has yet to be systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate this bidirectional crosstalk, with a particular focus on the role of osteokines. Additionally, it presents a unique compilation of evidence highlighting the critical function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within bone-organ axes for the first time. Moreover, it explores the implications of this crosstalk for designing and implementing bone-on-chips and assembloids, underscoring the importance of comprehending these interactions for advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models. Consequently, this review establishes a robust theoretical foundation for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases related to the bone-organ axis from the perspective of cytokines, EVs, hormones, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Fu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fu-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Si-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Jiao Z, Chai H, Wang S, Sun C, Huang Q, Xu W. SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:607-620. [PMID: 37121919 PMCID: PMC10163143 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause for prosthetic revision surgery is wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis, which leads to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Both SOST gene and its synthetic protein, sclerostin, are hallmarks of osteocytes. According to our previous findings, blocking SOST induces bone formation and protects against bone loss and deformation caused by titanium (Ti) particles by activating the Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Although SOST has been shown to influence osteoblasts, its ability to control wear-particle-induced osteolysis via targeting osteoclasts remains unclear. Mice were subjected to development of a cranial osteolysis model. Micro CT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the mouse model. Bone marrow-derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) made from the C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the medium of MLO-Y4 (co-cultured with Ti particles) to transform them into osteoclasts. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict and validate the interaction among SOST, Wnt/β-catenin, RANKL/OPG, TNF-α, and IL-6. Local bone density and bone volume improved after SOST inhibition, both the number of lysis pores and the rate of skull erosion decreased. Histological research showed that β-catenin and OPG expression were markedly increased after SOST inhibition, whereas TRAP and RANKL levels were markedly decreased. In-vitro, Ti particle treatment elevated the expression of sclerostin, suppressed the expression of β-catenin, and increased the RANKL/OPG ratio in the MLO-Y4 cell line. TNF-α and IL-6 also elevated after treatment with Ti particles. The expression levels of NFATc1, CTSK, and TRAP in osteoclasts were significantly increased, and the number of positive cells for TRAP staining was increased. Additionally, the volume of bone resorption increased at the same time. In contrast, when SOST expression was inhibited in the MLO-Y4 cell line, these effects produced by Ti particles were reversed. All the results strongly show that SOST inhibition triggered the osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade and prevented wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, which might reduce periprosthetic osteolysis. KEY MESSAGES: SOST is a molecular regulator in maintaining bone homeostasis. SOST plays in regulating bone homeostasis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi, China
| | - Shendong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunguang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Funing People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang City First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215699, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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Helynen N, Rantanen L, Lehenkari P, Valkealahti M. Predisposing factors for a second fragile hip fracture in a population of 1130 patients with hip fractures, treated at Oulu University Hospital in 2013-2016: a retrospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:2261-2271. [PMID: 35290501 PMCID: PMC10110691 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The life-time risk of a second fragile hip fracture is 8.4%, but the risk factors that predispose to a second hip fracture remain unresolved. This study aimed to define risk factors that predisposed patients to a second hip fracture. METHODS For this retrospective study, we retrieved clinical data on 1130 patients with fragile hip fractures (67.2% female, mean age: 79.3 years) that underwent surgery at the Oulu University Hospital in 2013-2016. These data included the fracture risk assessment score (measured with the FRAX tool), the bone-mass T-score, laboratory values, ambulatory capacity, and the time of death. RESULTS In this population, 12.4% of patients sustained a second hip fracture. The predisposing factors for a second hip fracture were: female (p = 0.016), a high FRAX score (p = 0.020), and low physical capacity (p < 0.001). The vitamin D level recommended for treating osteoporosis (i.e., vitamin D > 75 nmol/l) was observed in only 24% of patients, and 42% of patients had ionized calcium levels below the reference range. According to the level of the cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), 37% of patients did not have high bone turnover. We found a positive correlation between age and ICTP (p = 0.001). The risk of death was higher after the second hip fracture (p = 0.005), but we found no difference in age between patients with first and second hip fractures (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION After a hip fracture, a second hip fracture is a well-known risk. Nevertheless, we found that only one-third of patients with a second hip fracture had used anti-osteoporosis medication at any time previously. These findings suggested that second hip fractures were most likely to occur in patients with osteopenic T-score values, in women more often than men, and in patients with high FRAX scores and low ambulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Helynen
- Division of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery and Medical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lotta Rantanen
- Division of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery and Medical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Division of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery and Medical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Valkealahti
- Division of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery and Medical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Operative Care, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Lungu O, Toscani D, Burroughs-Garcia J, Giuliani N. The Metabolic Features of Osteoblasts: Implications for Multiple Myeloma (MM) Bone Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054893. [PMID: 36902326 PMCID: PMC10003241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of osteoblast (OB) metabolism has recently received increased attention due to the considerable amount of energy used during the bone remodeling process. In addition to glucose, the main nutrient for the osteoblast lineages, recent data highlight the importance of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in providing the fuel necessary for the proper functioning of OBs. Among the amino acids, it has been reported that OBs are largely dependent on glutamine (Gln) for their differentiation and activity. In this review, we describe the main metabolic pathways governing OBs' fate and functions, both in physiological and pathological malignant conditions. In particular, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease, which is characterized by a severe imbalance in OB differentiation due to the presence of malignant plasma cells into the bone microenvironment. Here, we describe the most important metabolic alterations involved in the inhibition of OB formation and activity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Lungu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sánchez LM, Lacave HM, Ubios M ÁM, Bozal CB. Exposure of suckling rats to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) alters bone formation at the base of the alveolus causing a delay in tooth eruption. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:195-201. [PMID: 36822318 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hexavalent chromium (CrVI)-exposure of suckling rats has been shown to delay tooth eruption. However, the effects of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus, which provides a motive force for tooth eruption in the early stages of the process, remain unknown. The present work sought to evaluate the effect of CrVI-exposure on bone formation at the base of the alveolus during the intraosseous stage of tooth eruption in suckling rats, using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical studies. METHODS Experimental animals received 12.5 mg/kg-bw/day of potassium dichromate dissolved in saline solution by gavage starting on day 4 of the experiment; controls similarly received an equivalent volume of saline. All the animals were euthanized at the age of 9 days. The base of the developing alveolus at the level of the mesial root of the first lower molar was analyzed histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Data were statistically analyzed using student's t-test, with statistical significance set at p <0.05. RESULTS CrVI-exposed animals showed lower bone volume and height at the base of the alveolus, a significant preponderance of bone rest on the surface adjacent to the dental follicle, and a significantly lower percentage of positive Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2+) osteoblasts and a significantly higher number of mesenchymal-like RUNX2+ cells at the latter site. CONCLUSION CrVI-exposure during lactation affects bone formation at the base of the developing alveolus, delaying tooth eruption. These findings underscore the importance of controlling drinking water levels of toxic substances since their effects can alter the growth and development of individuals exposed during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Marina Sánchez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ht Mariela Lacave
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela Matilde Ubios M
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Bettina Bozal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Sun X, Li K, Li BY, Yokota H. Wnt signaling: a double-edged sword in protecting bone from cancer. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 41:365-370. [PMID: 36040520 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role in loading-driven bone formation and bone homeostasis, whereas its activation in cancer cells promotes their progression. Currently, major research efforts in cancer treatment have been directed to the development of Wnt inhibitors. Recent studies on tumor-bone interactions, however, presented multiple lines of evidence that support a tumor-suppressive role of Lrp5, a Wnt co-receptor, and β-catenin, in Wnt signaling. This review describes the action of Wnt signaling as a double-edged sword in the bone microenvironment and suggests the possibility of a novel option for protecting bone from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL220, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL220, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL220, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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14
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Takase R, Tsubouchi Y, Otsu T, Kataoka T, Iwasaki T, Kataoka M, Tsumura H. The effects of romosozumab combined with active vitamin D 3 on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:384. [PMID: 35962437 PMCID: PMC9373334 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigated the potential acceleration of fracture healing and bone mineral density-increasing effects of romosozumab and active vitamin D3 combination therapy for fractures in ovariectomized rats. Methods Ovariectomy was performed on 40 24-week-old female Sprague–Dawley rats. After 8 weeks, the rats were subjected to periosteum removal and osteotomy of the femoral shaft followed by osteosynthesis with intramedullary nailing to create fracture models. The rats were then divided into four groups: C group (control), R group (receiving romosozumab at 25 mg/kg once a month via subcutaneous injection), VD group (receiving active vitamin D3 at 0.2 µg/kg twice a week via subcutaneous injection), and R + VD group. Further, 10 rats were included in a sham group. At 10 weeks after the intervention, both femurs were removed and blood samples were collected from all rats. Soft X-ray imaging was used to evaluate bone union, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used for bone morphometric evaluation. Toluidine blue staining was used for the histopathological evaluation of the undecalcified specimens, and bone turnover marker levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Bone morphometry analysis via micro-CT revealed increased mineral density of the trabecular bone in the R + VD group femurs, demonstrating the effectiveness of romosozumab plus active vitamin D3 combination therapy. However, there were no differences in bone union evaluated using soft X-ray imaging, indicating no acceleration of fracture healing. Conclusions Although romosozumab and active vitamin D3 combination therapy increased trabecular bone volume, there was no evidence on its ability to accelerate fracture healing. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Takase
- Oita University Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsubouchi
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, 2-1-12 Wajirogaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 811-0213, Japan
| | - Takefumi Otsu
- Division of Mechatronics, Department of Innovative Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Kataoka
- Oita University Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iwasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masashi Kataoka
- Physical Therapy Course of Study, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita-city, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tsumura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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15
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Li MCM, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Chen B, Cheng JCY, Qin L, Cheung WH. Osteocyte-specific dentin matrix protein 1 : the role of mineralization regulation in low-magnitude high-frequency vibration enhanced osteoporotic fracture healing. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:465-476. [PMID: 35787000 PMCID: PMC9350691 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.117.bjr-2021-0476.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims There is an increasing concern of osteoporotic fractures in the ageing population. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was shown to significantly enhance osteoporotic fracture healing through alteration of osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN). Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in osteocytes is known to be responsible for maintaining the LCN and mineralization. This study aimed to investigate the role of osteocyte-specific DMP1 during osteoporotic fracture healing augmented by LMHFV. Methods A metaphyseal fracture was created in the distal femur of ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomized to five different groups: 1) DMP1 knockdown (KD), 2) DMP1 KD + vibration (VT), 3) Scramble + VT, 4) VT, and 5) control (CT), where KD was performed by injection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into marrow cavity; vibration treatment was conducted at 35 Hz, 0.3 g; 20 minutes/day, five days/week). Assessments included radiography, micro-CT, dynamic histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry on DMP1, sclerostin, E11, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In vitro, murine long bone osteocyte-Y4 (MLO-Y4) osteocyte-like cells were randomized as in vivo groupings. DMP1 KD was performed by transfecting cells with shRNA plasmid. Assessments included immunocytochemistry on osteocyte-specific markers as above, and mineralized nodule staining. Results Healing capacities in DMP1 KD groups were impaired. Results showed that DMP1 KD significantly abolished vibration-enhanced fracture healing at week 6. DMP1 KD significantly altered the expression of osteocyte-specific markers. The lower mineralization rate in DMP1 KD groups indicated that DMP1 knockdown was associated with poor fracture healing process. Conclusion The blockage of DMP1 would impair healing outcomes and negate LMHFV-induced enhancement on fracture healing. These findings reveal the importance of DMP1 in response to the mechanical signal during osteoporotic fracture healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):465–476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng C M Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon K-H Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald M Y Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jack C Y Cheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Sirisereephap K, Maekawa T, Tamura H, Hiyoshi T, Domon H, Isono T, Terao Y, Maeda T, Tabeta K. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis: Local Proteins and Compounds to Alleviate Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5540. [PMID: 35628348 PMCID: PMC9146968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases resulting in gingival inflammation and tooth loss. Growing evidence indicates that it results from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, which interferes with the host immune system, leading to bone destruction. Immune cells activate periodontal ligament cells to express the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and promote osteoclast activity. Osteocytes have active roles in periodontitis progression in the bone matrix. Local proteins are involved in bone regeneration through functional immunological plasticity. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms in periodontitis, the roles of local proteins, and promising synthetic compounds generating a periodontal regeneration effect. It is anticipated that this may lead to a better perception of periodontitis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (H.D.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.S.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
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18
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Franco CN, Noe MM, Albrecht LV. Metabolism and Endocrine Disorders: What Wnt Wrong? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:887037. [PMID: 35600583 PMCID: PMC9120667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.887037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology underlies how nutrients are regenerated to maintain and renew tissues. Physiologically, the canonical Wnt signaling is a vital pathway for cell growth, tissue remodeling, and organ formation; pathologically, Wnt signaling contributes to the development of myriad human diseases such as cancer. Despite being the focus of intense research, how Wnt intersects with the metabolic networks to promote tissue growth and remodeling has remained mysterious. Our understanding of metabolism has been revolutionized by technological advances in the fields of chemical biology, metabolomics, and live microscopy that have now made it possible to visualize and manipulate metabolism in living cells and tissues. The application of these toolsets to innovative model systems have propelled the Wnt field into new realms at the forefront answering the most pressing paradigms of cell metabolism in health and disease states. Elucidating the basis of Wnt signaling and metabolism in a cell-type and tissue-specific manner will provide a powerful base of knowledge for both basic biomedical fields and clinician scientists, and has the promise to generate new, transformative therapies in disease and even processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N. Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - May M. Noe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lauren V. Albrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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19
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Maeda K, Yoshida K, Nishizawa T, Otani K, Yamashita Y, Okabe H, Hadano Y, Kayama T, Kurosaka D, Saito M. Inflammation and Bone Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Molecular Mechanisms of Joint Destruction and Pharmacological Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2871. [PMID: 35270012 PMCID: PMC8911191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a variety of symptoms and pathologies often presenting with polyarthritis. The primary symptom in the initial stage is joint swelling due to synovitis. With disease progression, cartilage and bone are affected to cause joint deformities. Advanced osteoarticular destruction and deformation can cause irreversible physical disabilities. Physical disabilities not only deteriorate patients' quality of life but also have substantial medical economic effects on society. Therefore, prevention of the progression of osteoarticular destruction and deformation is an important task. Recent studies have progressively improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which synovitis caused by immune disorders results in activation of osteoclasts; activated osteoclasts in turn cause bone destruction and para-articular osteoporosis. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of bone metabolism under physiological and RA conditions, and we describe the effects of therapeutic intervention against RA on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Ken Yoshida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.); (D.K.)
| | - Tetsuro Nishizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Otani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.); (D.K.)
| | - Yu Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Hinako Okabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuka Hadano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomohiro Kayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Daitaro Kurosaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (K.Y.); (K.O.); (D.K.)
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.); (Y.H.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
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20
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Vasiliadis ES, Evangelopoulos DS, Kaspiris A, Benetos IS, Vlachos C, Pneumaticos SG. The Role of Sclerostin in Bone Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:806. [PMID: 35160258 PMCID: PMC8836457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin has been identified as an important regulator of bone homeostasis through inhibition of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of many different skeletal diseases. Many studies have been published in the last few years regarding sclerostin's origin, regulation, and mechanism of action. The ongoing research emphasizes the potential therapeutic implications of sclerostin in many pathological conditions with or without skeletal involvement. Antisclerostin antibodies have recently been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis, and several animal studies and clinical trials are currently under way to evaluate the effectiveness of antisclerostin antibodies in the treatment of other than osteoporosis skeletal disorders and cancer with promising results. Understanding the exact role of sclerostin may lead to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Vasiliadis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.-S.E.); (I.S.B.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Dimitrios-Stergios Evangelopoulos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.-S.E.); (I.S.B.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division for Orthopaedic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Ioannis S. Benetos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.-S.E.); (I.S.B.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Christos Vlachos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.-S.E.); (I.S.B.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Spyros G. Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.-S.E.); (I.S.B.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
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21
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Martínez-Gil N, Ugartondo N, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Wnt Pathway Extracellular Components and Their Essential Roles in Bone Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010138. [PMID: 35052478 PMCID: PMC8775112 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in several processes essential for bone development and homeostasis. For proper functioning, the Wnt pathway is tightly regulated by numerous extracellular elements that act by both activating and inhibiting the pathway at different moments. This review aims to describe, summarize and update the findings regarding the extracellular modulators of the Wnt pathway, including co-receptors, ligands and inhibitors, in relation to bone homeostasis, with an emphasis on the animal models generated, the diseases associated with each gene and the bone processes in which each member is involved. The precise knowledge of all these elements will help us to identify possible targets that can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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22
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Vasiliadis ES, Evangelopoulos DS, Kaspiris A, Vlachos C, Pneumaticos SG. Sclerostin and Its Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225286. [PMID: 34830568 PMCID: PMC8618875 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis is a disorder of unknown etiology. Bone biopsies from idiopathic scoliosis patients revealed changes at cellular and molecular level. Osteocytic sclerostin is downregulated, and serum level of sclerostin is decreased. Osteocytes in idiopathic scoliosis appear to be less active with abnormal canaliculi network. Differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes is decelerated, while Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is overactivated and affects normal bone mineralization that leads to inferior mechanical properties of the bone, which becomes susceptible to asymmetrical forces and causes deformity of the spinal column. Targeting bone metabolism during growth by stimulating sclerostin secretion from osteocytes and restoring normal function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could, in theory, increase bone strength and prevent deterioration of the scoliotic deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Vasiliadis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2132-086-000
| | - Dimitrios Stergios Evangelopoulos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division for Orthopaedic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece;
| | - Christos Vlachos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Spyros G. Pneumaticos
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT Hospital, 16541 Athens, Greece; (D.S.E.); (C.V.); (S.G.P.)
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23
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Liang W, Wu X, Dong Y, Chen X, Zhou P, Xu F. Mechanical stimuli-mediated modulation of bone cell function-implications for bone remodeling and angiogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:445-454. [PMID: 34665321 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling, expressed as bone formation and turnover, is a complex and dynamic process closely related to its form and function. Different events, such as development, aging, and function, play a critical role in bone remodeling and metabolism. The ability of the bone to adapt to new loads and forces has been well known and has proven useful in orthopedics and insightful for research in bone and cell biology. Mechanical stimulation is one of the most important drivers of bone metabolism. Interestingly, different types of forces will have specific consequences in bone remodeling, and their beneficial effects can be traced using different biomarkers. In this narrative review, we summarize the major mediators and events in bone remodeling, focusing on the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone metabolism, cell populations, and ultimately, bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312500, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Chen H, Shang D, Wen Y, Liang C. Bone-Derived Modulators That Regulate Brain Function: Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683457. [PMID: 34179014 PMCID: PMC8222721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been regarded as a structural organ that supports and protects the various organs of the body. Recent studies suggest that bone also acts as an endocrine organ to regulate whole-body metabolism. Particularly, homeostasis of the bone is shown to be necessary for brain development and function. Abnormal bone metabolism is associated with the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Recently, multiple bone-derived modulators have been shown to participate in brain function and neurological disorders, including osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and osteopontin, as have bone marrow-derived cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and microglia-like cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the roles of these bone-derived modulators in the brain, and also follows their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The content of this review may aide in the development of promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders via targeting bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent epidemics affecting human health and life recently, and exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis has been valued by scholars. In recent years, sclerostin, a new factor on bone resorption and reconstruction caused by inflammation and mechanical stimulation, has been a research hotspot. This article summarizes the researches on sclerostin in periodontitis development in recent years. Among them, sclerostin has been shown to be a critical negative regulator of bone formation, thereby inhibiting bone remodeling in periodontitis development, and is closely associated with tooth movement. Besides, evidence indicates that the removal of sclerostin seems to reasonably protect the alveolar bone from resorption. Regulation of sclerostin expression is a novel, promising treatment for periodontitis and addresses several complications seen with traditional therapies; accordingly, many drugs with similar mechanisms have emerged. Moreover, the application prospect of sclerostin in periodontal therapy combined with orthodontic treatment is another promising approach. There are also a lot of drugs that regulate sclerostin. Anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is the most direct one that inhibits bone resorption caused by sclerostin. At present, drugs that inhibit the expression of sclerostin have been applied to the treatment of diseases such as multiple myeloma and osteoporosis. Therefore, the application of sclerostin in the oral field is just around the corner, which provides a new therapeutic bone regulation strategy in oral and general health.
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26
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Takafuji Y, Tatsumi K, Kawao N, Okada K, Muratani M, Kaji H. Effects of fluid flow shear stress to mouse muscle cells on the bone actions of muscle cell-derived extracellular vesicless. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250741. [PMID: 33961664 PMCID: PMC8104413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between skeletal muscle and bone have been recently noted, and muscle-derived humoral factors related to bone metabolism play crucial roles in the muscle/bone relationships. We previously reported that extracellular vesicles from mouse muscle C2C12 cells (Myo-EVs) suppress osteoclast formation in mice. Although mechanical stress is included in extrinsic factors which are important for both muscle and bone, the detailed roles of mechanical stress in the muscle/bone interactions have still remained unknown. In present study, we examined the effects of fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) to C2C12 cells on the physiological actions of muscle cell-derived EV. Applying FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed osteoclast formation and several osteoclast-related gene levels in mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Moreover, FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed mitochondria biogenesis genes during osteoclast formation with RANKL treatment. In addition, FFSS to C2C12 cells significantly enhanced muscle cell-derived EV-suppressed osteoclast formation and several osteoclast-related gene levels in Raw264.7 cells in the presence of RANKL. Small RNA-seq-analysis showed that FFSS elevated the expression of miR196a-5p and miR155-5p with the suppressive actions of osteoclast formation and low expression in mouse bone cells. On the other hand, muscle cell-derived EVs with or without FFSS to C2C12 cells did not affect the expression of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in mouse osteoblasts. In conclusion, we first showed that FFSS to C2C12 cells enhances the suppressive effects of muscle cell-derived EVs on osteoclast formation in mouse cells. Muscle cell-derived EVs might be partly involved in the effects of mechanical stress on the muscle/bone relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genome Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Diniz-Sousa F, Veras L, Boppre G, Sa-Couto P, Devezas V, Santos-Sousa H, Preto J, Vilas-Boas JP, Machado L, Oliveira J, Fonseca H. The Effect of an Exercise Intervention Program on Bone Health After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:489-499. [PMID: 33295063 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to attenuate bone loss induced by bariatric surgery (BS), but its effectiveness remains unclear. Our aim was to determine if an exercise-training program could induce benefits on bone mass after BS. Eighty-four patients, submitted to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, were randomized to either exercise (EG) or control group (CG). One month post-BS, EG underwent a 11-month supervised multicomponent exercise program, while CG received only standard medical care. Patients were assessed before BS and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-BS for body composition, areal bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, calciotropic hormones, sclerostin, bone material strength index, muscle strength, and daily physical activity. A primary analysis was conducted according to intention-to-treat principles and the primary outcome was the between-group difference on lumbar spine BMD at 12 months post-BS. A secondary analysis was also performed to analyze if the exercise effect depended on training attendance. Twelve months post-BS, primary analysis results revealed that EG had a higher BMD at lumbar spine (+0.024 g∙cm-2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004, 0.044]; p = .015) compared with CG. Among total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3 radius secondary outcomes, only 1/3 radius BMD improved in EG compared with CG (+0.013 g∙cm-2 [95% CI 0.003, 0.023]; p = .020). No significant exercise effects were observed on bone biochemical markers or bone material strength index. EG also had a higher lean mass (+1.5 kg [95% CI 0.1, 2.9]; p = .037) and higher number of high impacts (+51.4 [95% CI 6.6, 96.1]; p = .026) compared with CG. In addition, secondary analysis results suggest that exercise-induced benefits may be obtained on femoral neck BMD but only on those participants with ≥50% exercise attendance compared with CG (+5.3% [95% CI 2.0, 8.6]; p = .006). Our findings suggest that an exercise program is an effective strategy to ameliorate bone health in post-BS patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florêncio Diniz-Sousa
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas Veras
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sa-Couto
- Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor Devezas
- General Surgery Department, São João Medical Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Santos-Sousa
- General Surgery Department, São João Medical Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - John Preto
- General Surgery Department, São João Medical Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leandro Machado
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Gerbaix M, Ammann P, Ferrari S. Mechanically Driven Counter-Regulation of Cortical Bone Formation in Response to Sclerostin-Neutralizing Antibodies. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:385-399. [PMID: 33049076 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin (Scl) antibodies (Scl-Ab) potently stimulate bone formation, but these effects are transient. Whether the rapid inhibition of Scl-Ab anabolic effects is due to a loss of bone cells' capacity to form new bone or to a mechanostatic downregulation of Wnt signaling once bone strength exceeds stress remains unclear. We hypothesized that bone formation under Scl-Ab could be reactivated by increasing the dose of Scl-Ab and/or by adding mechanical stimuli, and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in this response, in particular the role of periostin (Postn), a co-activator of the Wnt pathway in bone. For this purpose, C57Bl/6, Postn-/- and Postn+/+ mice were treated with vehicle or Scl-Ab (50 to 100 mg/kg/wk) for various durations and subsequently subjected to tibia axial compressive loading. In wild-type (WT) mice, Scl-Ab anabolic effects peaked between 2 and 4 weeks and declined thereafter, with no further increase in bone volume and strength between 7 and 10 weeks. Doubling the dose of Scl-Ab did not rescue the decline in bone formation. In contrast, mechanical stimulation was able to restore cortical bone formation concomitantly to Scl-Ab treatment at both doses. Several Wnt inhibitors, including Dkk1, Sost, and Twist1, were upregulated, whereas Postn was markedly downregulated by 2 to 4 weeks of Scl-Ab. Mechanical loading specifically upregulated Postn gene expression. In turn, Scl-Ab effects on cortical bone were more rapidly downregulated in Postn-/- mice. These results indicate that bone formation is not exhausted by Scl-Ab but inhibited by a mechanically driven downregulation of Wnt signaling. Hence, increasing mechanical loads restores bone formation on cortical surfaces, in parallel with Postn upregulation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Gerbaix
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ammann
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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30
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Men Y, Wang Y, Yi Y, Jing D, Luo W, Shen B, Stenberg W, Chai Y, Ge WP, Feng JQ, Zhao H. Gli1+ Periodontium Stem Cells Are Regulated by Osteocytes and Occlusal Force. Dev Cell 2020; 54:639-654.e6. [PMID: 32652075 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are attached to alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament (PDL), which contains stem cells supporting tissue turnover. Here, we identified Gli1+ cells in adult mouse molar PDL as multi-potential stem cells (PDLSCs) giving rise to PDL, alveolar bone, and cementum. They support periodontium tissue turnover and injury repair. Gli1+ PDLSCs are surrounding the neurovascular bundle and more enriched in the apical region. Canonical Wnt signaling is essential for their activation. Alveolar bone osteocytes negatively regulate Gli1+ PDLSCs activity through sclerostin, a Wnt inhibitor. Blockage of sclerostin accelerates the PDLSCs lineage contribution rate in vivo. Sclerostin expression is modulated by physiological occlusal force. Removal of occlusal force upregulates sclerostin and inhibits PDLSCs activation. In summary, Gli1+ cells are the multipotential PDLSCs in vivo. Osteocytes provide negative feedback to PDLSCs and inhibit their activities through sclerostin. Physiological occlusal force indirectly regulates PDLSCs activities by fine-tuning this feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Men
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yating Yi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - William Stenberg
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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31
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Wang XM, Liu H, Li JY, Wei JX, Li X, Zhang YL, Li LZ, Zhang XZ. Rosamultin Attenuates Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Bone Injuries by Regulation of Sclerostin and Its Downstream Signals. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:273-286. [PMID: 32598190 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wang, Xing-Min, Hui Liu, Jian-Yu Li, Jin-Xia Wei, Xia Li, Yong-Liang Zhang, Ling-Zhi Li, and Xi-Zheng Zhang. Rosamultin attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced bone injuries by regulation of sclerostin and its downstream signals. High Alt Med Biol. 21:273-286, 2020. Background: Rosamultin, one of the compounds extracted from Potentilla anserina L., exhibited significant pharmacological activity against oxidative stress and hypoxic injury in our previous study. However, the effect of rosamultin on bone damage induced by acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has not been thoroughly studied. Methods: In this study, we first investigated the protective effect of rosamultin against bone damage in rats following acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia. Furthermore, we explored the detailed mechanism involved in the regulation of rat bone remodeling by rosamultin in an acute HH environment through analysis of sclerostin expression and the regulation of downstream signaling pathways. Results: Pretreatment with rosamultin significantly reduced HH-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, improved bone metabolic abnormalities, and alleviated the imbalance in bone remodeling in rats exposed to acute HH. Rosamultin markedly downregulated the expression of sclerostin, activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhanced the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand to maintain the balance of bone formation and resorption. Conclusions: Rosamultin attenuates acute HH-induced bone damage and improves abnormal bone remodeling in rats by inhibition of sclerostin expression and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Interforce Functionality and Personalization of Bone Implants, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interforce Functionality and Personalization of Bone Implants, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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32
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Kim JH, Kim N. Bone Cell Communication Factors Provide a New Therapeutic Strategy for Osteoporosis. Chonnam Med J 2020; 56:94-98. [PMID: 32509555 PMCID: PMC7250673 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2020.56.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is strictly regulated by the balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Many studies have shown that osteoclasts affect osteoblasts, and vice versa, through diffusible paracrine factors, cell-cell contact, and cell-bone matrix interactions to achieve the correct balance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities in the basic multicellular unit (BMU). The strict regulation that occurs during bone remodeling hinders the long-term use of the currently available antiresorptive agents and anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to develop novel agents that simultaneously inhibit bone resorption, promote bone formation, and decouple resorption from formation. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in osteoclast-osteoblast communication during bone remodeling is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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33
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Pekkolay Z, Kılınç F, Gozel N, Önalan E, Tuzcu AK. Increased Serum Sclerostin Levels in Patients With Active Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5672632. [PMID: 31821453 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bone mineral density is normal in acromegalic patients and the cause of increased fracture risk that characterizes active acromegaly is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study compared serum sclerostin levels between patients with active acromegaly and healthy individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The serum sclerostin levels of patients with active acromegaly were compared with those of healthy volunteers in a cross-sectional study. The mean age of the 30 acromegaly patients (male/female: 14/16) was 47.26 ± 12.52 years (range, 18-64 years) and that of the healthy volunteers (male/female: 17/13) was 44.56 ± 10.74 years (range, 19-62 years). IGF-1 and GH levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence method, and serum sclerostin levels using an ELISA. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare sclerostin levels between the 2 groups. The correlations of sclerostin level with IGF-1 and GH were determined using Spearman's test. RESULTS The 2 groups did not differ in age or sex (P > 0.05). The median GH and IGF-1 levels in the patient group were 2.49 ng/mL (range, 0.22-70.00 ng/mL) (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3-4.52) and 338.5 ng/mL (range, 147-911 ng/mL) (IQR, 250-426), respectively. The median GH and IGF-1 levels in the control group were 0.95 ng/mL (range, 0.3-2.3) and 144 ng/mL (range, 98-198), respectively. The median sclerostin level was 29.95 ng/mL (range, 7.5-78.1 ng/mL) (IQR, 14.37-37.47) in the acromegaly group and 22.44 ng/mL (range, 8.45-36.44 ng/mL) (IQR, 13.71-27.52) in the control group (P < 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the sclerostin and IGF-1 levels (rho = 0.54; P < 0.01), and between the sclerostin and GH levels (rho = 0.41; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High sclerostin levels may contribute to the increased fracture risk seen in patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Pekkolay
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Adult Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Faruk Kılınç
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Adult Endocrinology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Gozel
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ebru Önalan
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Kemal Tuzcu
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Adult Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Jiang N, Guo F, Sun B, Zhang X, Xu H. Different Effects of Fluoride Exposure on the Three Major Bone Cell Types. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:226-233. [PMID: 30877522 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride accumulates and is toxic to bones. Clinical bone lesions occur in a phased manner, being less severe early in the natural course of skeletal fluorosis. Previous research rarely focused on osteocyte, osteoclast, and osteoblast at the same time, although these three types of cells are involved in the process of fluorosis. In this study, commitment of bone cells was performed according to their respective characteristics. Osteocyte-like cells were verified by protein expression of sclerostin (SOST) in IDG-SW3 cell culture with mineral medium. Positive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) staining, characteristic of osteoclasts, is observed in RAW264.7 cells after administration of RANKL. We successfully purified a high percentage (94%) of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) co-expressing CD34 and CD44. Parallel studies were performed to observe cell viability and apoptosis rates in osteocyte, osteoclast, and osteoblast like cells by using MTT and Annexin V FITC assays. Our results demonstrated that osteocytes have a strong tolerance to high fluoride concentrations, while osteoclasts are more sensitive to changes of fluoride dose. The range of anabolic action of fluoride concentration on osteoblast was narrow. Notably, fluoride exposure aggravated apoptosis of osteocyte and osteoclast induced by administration of PTH and TGF-β, respectively. In short, three types of bone cells display disparate responses to fluoride exposure and to PTH- and TGF-β-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyao Sun
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Rao M, Awasthi M. A review on interventions to prevent osteoporosis and improve fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Costa R, Bellesso S, Lualdi S, Manzoli R, Pistorio V, Filocamo M, Moro E. A transcriptional and post-transcriptional dysregulation of Dishevelled 1 and 2 underlies the Wnt signaling impairment in type I Gaucher disease experimental models. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 29:274-285. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone differentiation defects have been recently tied to Wnt signaling alterations occurring in vitro and in vivo Gaucher disease (GD) models. In this work, we provide evidence that the Wnt signaling multi-domain intracellular transducers Dishevelled 1 and 2 (DVL1 and DVL2) may be potential upstream targets of impaired beta glucosidase (GBA1) activity by showing their misexpression in different type 1 GD in vitro models. We also show that in Gba mutant fish a miR-221 upregulation is associated with reduced dvl2 expression levels and that in type I Gaucher patients single-nucleotide variants in the DVL2 3′ untranslated region are related to variable canonical Wnt pathway activity. Thus, we strengthen the recently outlined relation between bone differentiation defects and Wnt/β-catenin dysregulation in type I GD and further propose novel mechanistic insights of the Wnt pathway impairment caused by glucocerebrosidase loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellesso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Rosa Manzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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Yang J, Xu S, Chen M, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Wu M, Han R, Hu X, Liu R, Deng J, Guan S, Gao X, Pan M, Xu S, Shuai Z, Jiang S, Guan S, Chen L, Pan F. Serum Sclerostin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Levels in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:37-50. [PMID: 30911810 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have investigated the serum sclerostin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the results were inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthetically assess the associations of serum levels of sclerostin and BMP-2 with AS. Multiple electronic databases were searched to locate relevant articles published before November 2018. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by the random-effect model. Totally, 21 studies were included. Meta-analysis results showed no significant difference between AS group and control group in serum sclerostin levels (SMD = 0.098, 95% CI - 0.395 to 0.591, p = 0.697). Nevertheless, serum BMP-2 levels in AS patients were higher than that in controls (SMD = 1.184, 95% CI 0.209 to 2.159, p = 0.017). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that European and South American AS patients had lower serum levels of sclerostin than controls. AS patients with age ≥ 40 years, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≤ 20 mm/h and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) < 4 had statistically significant lower serum sclerostin concentrations compared to controls. Chinese and Korean AS patients as well as patients with lower CRP had higher serum BMP-2 levels than controls, and country may be a source of heterogeneity across the studies. No publication bias existed and sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Serum BMP-2, but not sclerostin levels may be closely related to the development of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Pan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanqun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihe Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 678#, Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, NO. 678#, Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Russow G, Jahn D, Appelt J, Märdian S, Tsitsilonis S, Keller J. Anabolic Therapies in Osteoporosis and Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010083. [PMID: 30587780 PMCID: PMC6337474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis represents the most common bone disease worldwide and results in a significantly increased fracture risk. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors implicated in the development of osteoporosis are also associated with delayed fracture healing and impaired bone regeneration. Based on a steadily increasing life expectancy in modern societies, the global implications of osteoporosis and impaired bone healing are substantial. Research in the last decades has revealed several molecular pathways that stimulate bone formation and could be targeted to treat both osteoporosis and impaired fracture healing. The identification and development of therapeutic approaches modulating bone formation, rather than bone resorption, fulfils an essential clinical need, as treatment options for reversing bone loss and promoting bone regeneration are limited. This review focuses on currently available and future approaches that may have the potential to achieve these aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Russow
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Denise Jahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jessika Appelt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Märdian
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johannes Keller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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