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Janson TM, Gager Y, Hatz CR, Köhler AK, Gartenmann SJ, Schmidlin PR. Microbial Sampling Using Interdental Brushes and Paper Points around Teeth and Implants: A Pilot Study for Comparison. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061054. [PMID: 36980362 PMCID: PMC10047167 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal and peri-implant diseases follow dysbiotic shifts in a susceptible host. A well-established tool for microbial sample collection is the use of paper points. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the use of interdental brushes compared to paper points. Biofilm samples were collected with paper points and later interdental brushes from ten patients. Five patients were represented with a community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) of 0–2 around the teeth and an implant with PPD ≤ 5 mm and no radiological bone loss. The remaining five patients had a CPITN ≥ 3 and one implant with peri-implantitis. Microbial samples were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results showed higher amounts of DNA in samples taken by interdental brushes but also higher Ct values. Both methods detected Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola in the majority of samples, while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was rarely found. A microbial dysbiosis index showed comparable or higher values in sites with no periodontitis/peri-implantitis with interdental brushes. The results of this pilot study indicate that interdental brushes might be a valid technique for microbial sampling and particularly advantageous in the early detection of dysbiotic shifts around teeth and implants. Larger studies with more participants are needed to validate the proposed microbial sampling method with interdental brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Janson
- Clinic of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology & Peri-Implant Diseases, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yann Gager
- ParoX Dental Gmbh, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian R. Hatz
- Clinic of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology & Peri-Implant Diseases, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology & Peri-Implant Diseases, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Fu MW, Shen EC, Fu E, Lin FG, Wang TY, Chiu HC. Assessing Bone Type of Implant Recipient Sites by Stereomicroscopic Observation of Bone Core Specimens: A Comparison With the Assessment Using Dental Radiography. J Periodontol 2017; 88:593-601. [PMID: 28398151 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to determine if bone quality evaluation of surgically obtained bone core specimens using a stereomicroscope is reliable for determining bone quality at implant recipient sites. METHODS Bone quality was presurgically assessed in 122 edentulous ridges obtained from 62 patients using periapical radiographs and categorized according to the Lekholm and Zarb classification. During surgery, bone specimens were trephined, and bone types were immediately classified using a stereomicroscope. Microarchitectural characteristics of bone cores were evaluated after being scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). RESULTS Bone types of implant sites categorized from radiography and stereomicroscope had statistically similar distribution but poor interrater agreement. Using micro-CT, maxillae and mandibles showed significant differences in microarchitectural characteristics of bone cores. Bone volume (BV), total volume (TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) increased, whereas bone surface density (BS/BV) and open porosity (Po.[Op]) decreased in mandibular bone cores compared with those in maxillary bone cores. Moreover, micro-CT values of BV/TV and Po.(Op) statistically correlated with bone types assessed by stereomicroscopy, particularly in mandibles (adjusted means of BV/TV of Type 2 to 4 versus Type 1 decreasing from -9.88%, -15.09%, -29.31%; those of Po.(Op) ranged from 9.77%, 15.06%, 29.52% in an upward trend). However, such correlations were not found in maxillae or when bone types were classified using periapical radiographs. CONCLUSIONS Caution is needed when using presurgical periapical radiographs to predict bone quality at implant recipient sites. Surgically preserved bone core specimens, whenever obtainable, might offer additional information to accurately assess bone quality, particularly at mandibular implant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Tzu Chi General Hospital - Xindian Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - E-Chin Shen
- Department of Dentistry, Tzu Chi General Hospital - Xindian Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Tzu Chi General Hospital - Xindian Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Gong Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Tian-You Wang
- School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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do Nascimento C, Sorgini MB, Pita MS, Fernandes FHCN, Calefi PL, Watanabe E, Pedrazzi V. Effectiveness of three antimicrobial mouthrinses on the disinfection of toothbrushes stored in closed containers: a randomized clinical investigation by DNA Checkerboard and Culture. Gerodontology 2013; 31:227-36. [PMID: 23316683 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of three antimicrobial solutions on the disinfection of toothbrushes after storage in closed containers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects were enrolled in this randomized cross-over clinical investigation. The study was conducted in four phases, in which mouthrinses (chlorhexidine gluconate-based or cetilpiridinium-based) and sterile tap water (control group) were used to individually store used toothbrushes in closed containers during 7 days of toothbrushing. Five toothbrushes were used as negative control for bacterial colonisation before contact with oral cavity. Conventional culture and DNA Checkerboard hybridization were used to detect bacterial contamination on the toothbrushes. Subsequently, the number of bacterial species on the bristles was estimated by the DNA Checkerboard method. RESULTS One toothbrush presented bacterial contamination in the negative control test. Both culture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination in the toothbrushes with no differences in the frequency of detection. The control group showed higher total bacterial counts when compared with the mouthrinse groups. Porphyromonas gingivalis had the highest bacterial count followed by Parvimonas micra. CONCLUSION Culture and DNA Checkerboard showed positive signals of bacterial contamination. Mouthrinses that contains 0.12% of chlorhexidine gluconate were more effective in reducing bacterial colonisation on the toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Do Nascimento C, Scarabel TT, Miani PK, Watanabe E, Pedrazzi V. In vitro evaluation of the microbial contamination on new toothbrushes: A preliminary study. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:42-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Efstratiou M, Papaioannou W, Nakou M, Ktenas E, Vrotsos IA, Panis V. Contamination of a toothbrush with antibacterial properties by oral microorganisms. J Dent 2007; 35:331-7. [PMID: 17118507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the contamination and the survival rate of periodontopathic and cariogenic species on new toothbrushes with antibacterial properties (coated bristles with triclosan), after a single use in periodontitis patients. The decontamination effect of the use of toothpaste was also evaluated. METHODS Ten patients, who consulted the Department of Periodontology, for treatment of chronic periodontitis, were selected. In each patient four different toothbrushes were used. Two quadrants, randomly selected, were each brushed using a different antibacterial toothbrush. In one of these two quadrants toothpaste was used. The same happened with the remaining quadrants, only with regular toothbrushes. After brushing, the toothbrushes were rinsed and stored in room temperature and a dry environment. After 0, 4 and 24h, four tufts, from each toothbrush, were cut and processed for selective and non-selective culturing techniques, followed by identification and quantification of all species found. RESULTS Immediately after brushing the toothbrushes harbored a significant number of microorganisms, with no statistically significant difference between the two types of brushes (regular and antibacterial). The reduction of microorganisms from 0 to 4h after brushing was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference was less obvious from 4 to 24h. When toothpaste was used, brushes harbored significantly (p<0.05) lower numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) compared to those without the use of toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial toothbrush with triclosan coated tufts failed to limit the bacterial contamination. The toothpaste, on the other hand, significantly reduced the contamination of toothbrushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Efstratiou
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Athens, Greece
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Vermeltfoort PBJ, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Hooymans JMM, Bruinsma GM. Physicochemical factors influencing bacterial transfer from contact lenses to surfaces with different roughness and wettability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 71:336-42. [PMID: 15386494 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 3 and Staphylococcus aureus 835 from contact lenses to surfaces with different hydrophobicity and roughness. Bacteria were allowed to adhere to contact lenses (Surevue, PureVision, or Focus Night & Day) by incubating the lenses in a bacterial suspension for 30 min. The contaminated lenses were put on a glass, poly(methylmethacrylate), or silicone rubber substratum, shaped to mimic the eye. After 2 and 16 h, lenses were separated from the substrata and bacteria were swabbed off from the respective surfaces and resuspended in saline. Appropriate serial dilutions of these suspensions were made, from which aliquots were plated on agar for enumeration. Bacterial transfer varied between 4 and 60%, depending on the combination of strain, contact time, contact lens, and substratum surface. For P. aeruginosa No. 3, transfer was significantly higher after 16 h than after 2 h, whereas less increase with time was seen for S. aureus 835. Bacterial transfer from all tested contact lenses was least to silicone rubber, the most hydrophobic and roughest substratum surface included.
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