The effects of a novel herbal toothpaste on salivary lactate dehydrogenase as a measure of cellular integrity

Geographical Origin Authentication-A Mandatory Step in the Efficient Involvement of Honey in Medical Treatment

Nowadays, in people's perceptions, the return to roots in all aspects of life is an increasing temptation. This tendency has also been observed in the medical field, despite the availability of high-level medical services with many years of research, expertise, and trials. Equilibrium is found in the combination of the two tendencies through the inclusion of the scientific experience with the advantages and benefits provided by nature. It is well accepted that the nutritional and medicinal properties of honey are closely related to the botanical origin of the plants at the base of honey production. Despite this, people perceive honey as a natural and subsequently a simple product from a chemical point of view. In reality, honey is a very complex matrix containing more than 200 compounds having a high degree of compositional variability as function of its origin. Therefore, when discussing the nutritional and medicinal properties of honey, the importance of the geographical origin and its link to the honey's composition, due to potential emerging contaminants such as Rare Earth Elements (REEs), should also be considered. This work offers a critical view on the use of honey as a natural superfood, in a direct relationship with its botanical and geographical origin.

Recent advances in nutritional composition, phytochemistry, bioactive, and potential applications of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae)

Syzygium aromaticum is an aromatic plant native to Indonesia, and introduced to tropical regions worldwide. As an ingredient in perfumes, lotions, and food preservation, it is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. Also, it is used to treat toothache, ulcers, type 2 diabetes, etc. A variety of nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins are found in S. aromaticum. In addition to eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol acetate, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are the main chemical constituents. The chemical constituents of S. aromaticum exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiulcer, etc. This review aims to comprehend the information on its taxonomy and botany, nutritional composition, chemical composition, bioactivities and their mechanisms, toxicity, and potential applications. This review will be a comprehensive scientific resource for those interested in pursuing further research to explore its value in food.

The Influence of Preventive Regimens Containing Different Toothpastes on Caries Risk of High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: The main objective of conservative dentistry is maintaining the health of the dentition and restored teeth free from dental caries. The prevention of dental caries can be achieved by personal prevention programs at home, dental health care professional, and public health application programs. Based on knowledge related to the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries, this provides a chance for application of effective prevention program for the prevention of dental caries. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different preventive regimens using different toothpastes on caries risk using cariogram and decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) scores of high caries risk patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 66 participants with high caries risk. Participants were divided into three groups, 22 participant each. According to the test regimen, where (A1) participants were exposed to a regimen including dual zinc plus arginine-based toothpaste (Colgate total), (A2) participants were exposed to a regimen including zinc-based toothpaste (Crest complete), and (A3) control group was participants that were exposed to a regimen including fluoride-based toothpaste (Signal). The study was carried for 1 year, assessment of cariogram and DMF scores was done in four intervals: T0: baseline, T3: after 3 months, T6: after 6 months, and T12: after 12 months. RESULTS: According to cariogram, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups A1, A2, and A3, where p < 0.001. However, DMF scores of all groups showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dual zinc plus arginine-based toothpaste is a superior caries preventive regimen in high caries risk patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The benefits of preventive regimen to the practitioner will be providing a non-invasive, and cost-efficient method to prevent dental caries. Benefits to the patient will be an improvement of oral hygiene, prevention of dental caries, and maintain healthy dental supporting structures.

Antimicrobial effects in oral microenvironments by a novel herbal toothpaste

Objective

This clinical study compared the antibacterial effects after brushing with a novel herbal toothpaste incorporating zinc [test] to a control fluoride toothpaste on anaerobic organisms, gram-negative bacteria and malodor bacteria of dental plaque, tongue scrapings and cheek surfaces.

Methods

This double-blind, two-cell study enrolled 44 adults [age range 19–63 years]. Subjects completed a 1-week washout and provided baseline oral samples i.e. dental plaque, tongue and cheek scrapings for microbiological analysis. Diluted samples for microbiological analyses were plated on agar to enumerate anaerobic organisms, gram-negative bacteria and malodor bacteria representing functional groups of organisms. Subjects were randomized to brush their teeth with either the test or control with the first brushing conducted under supervision in the dental clinic. Post-treatment samples were collected 12 h after 21 day hygiene with assigned toothpaste. After providing these samples, subjects brushed in the dental clinic with additional samples collected 4 h after brushing. Statistical analyses were conducted separately for each organism collected from each oral niche by t-test for within-treatment assessments and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for between-treatment comparisons.

Results

Treatment groups demonstrated no significant differences at baseline for anaerobic organisms, gram-negative bacteria and malodor bacteria in any oral niche (p > 0.05). The test demonstrated reductions between 42 and 68% for anaerobic bacteria in oral niches, 12 h after brushing with reductions increasing to 46–80%, 4 h after brushing. Similarly, the test demonstrated reductions between 49 and 61% for gram-negative bacteria of oral niches that increased to 54–69% at the 4 h post-brushing evaluation. Reductions in malodor organisms of 22–42% were noted 12 h after brushing that increased to 60–72%, 4 h after brushing.

Conclusions

In comparison to control, brushing with a novel herbal toothpaste demonstrated significant reductions in functional bacterial groups from distinct oral niches 12 h after brushing with additional microbial reductions 4 h after brushing.