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Madi M, Abdelsalam M, Elakel A, Zakaria O, AlGhamdi M, Alqahtani M, AlMuhaish L, Farooqi F, Alamri TA, Alhafid IA, Alzahrani IM, Alam AH, Alhashmi MT, Alasseri IA, AlQuorain AA, AlQuorain AA. Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17374. [PMID: 38756445 PMCID: PMC11097963 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals. Methods The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings. Results The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group (p = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = -0.460, p = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = -0.396, p = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet. Conclusion Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elakel
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher AlGhamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luba AlMuhaish
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Farooqi
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki A. Alamri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhafid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alzahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel H. Alam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed T. Alhashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alasseri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. AlQuorain
- College of medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. AlQuorain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Ozayzan FI, Albishri AA, Dallak AE, Al-Qahtani AS, Mushtaq MY, Dallak OE, Altalhi AM. Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54584. [PMID: 38523972 PMCID: PMC10958135 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex relationship between periodontitis (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has received significant attention in recent studies. Emerging evidence suggests that the oral-gut axis plays a pivotal role in their interaction. This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of original research from 2003 to 2023 on the PD-IBD relationship and aims to be a reference for future research. Relevant literature was sourced from the PubMed database using the keywords "periodontitis" and "inflammatory bowel disease". Additionally, a manual library search and a review of bibliographies were conducted. Of the 297 articles retrieved, 27 studies were chosen for final review. Out of these, 21 studies (78%), including both in vitro and in vivo research, indicated an association between PD and IBD. While many studies confirm a bi-directional relationship, others refute it or deem it clinically irrelevant. There is a need for more accessible studies, such as randomized trials, which also investigate the factors that could influence the outcomes to clarify the exact molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of this complex relationship.
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Gürsoy UK, Gürsoy M, Loimaranta V, Rautava J. Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1-3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn's disease. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:108. [PMID: 38246944 PMCID: PMC10800300 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crohn's disease patients, who are prone to develop periodontal diseases, may carry genetic defects in their Th17 cytokine, human beta-defensin (hBD) 1-3, and salivary and scavenger agglutinin (SALSA) expressions. Biochemical composition of saliva reflects the oral consequences of systemic immune response modifications. Our aim was to evaluate the salivary Th17 cytokine, epithelial hBD 1-3, and SALSA levels in relation to Crohn's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 42 Crohn's disease patients and 34 systemically healthy controls. Periodontal and dental indexes were measured, and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary Th17 cytokine levels were analyzed by multiplex technique, and hBD 1-3 and SALSA levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There were 19 gingivitis and 11 initial periodontitis patients in the Crohn's disease group, and 15 gingivitis and 4 initial periodontitis in the control group. In comparison to controls, higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels were observed in Crohn's disease patients. No statistical difference was observed between Crohn's disease and control groups in terms of their salivary hBD 1-3 and SALSA levels. Based on the regression analysis, there is no independent association between Crohn's disease and salivary Th17 cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Crohn's disease does not relate to salivary antimicrobial hBD 1-3 or SALSA levels. While Crohn's disease patients have higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels in comparison to systemically healthy controls, an independent association between Crohn's disease and Th17 cytokine profile is still missing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diminished Th17 cytokine response in Crohn's disease, which might be related to genetic susceptibility, can be also visualized in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, 20540, Turku, Finland
| | - Vuokko Loimaranta
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00260, Helsinki, Finland
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Suzuki T, Ohishi T, Tanabe H, Miyoshi N, Nakamura Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols through Inhibitory Activity against Metalloproteinases. Molecules 2023; 28:5426. [PMID: 37513300 PMCID: PMC10385587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases that play important roles in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and brain diseases. Dietary polyphenols are thought to have a variety of beneficial effects on these diseases characterized by inflammation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that MMPs are in most cases upregulated in various inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Studies using patient-derived human samples, animal studies, and cellular experiments have suggested that polyphenols may be beneficial against inflammatory diseases by suppressing MMP gene expression and enzyme activity. One important mechanism by which polyphenols exert their activity is the downregulation of reactive oxygen species that promote MMP expression. Another important mechanism is the direct binding of polyphenols to MMPs and their inhibition of enzyme activity. Molecular docking analyses have provided a structural basis for the interaction between polyphenols and MMPs and will help to explore new polyphenol-based drugs with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0893, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Nayoro City University, Nayoro, Hokkaido 096-8641, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Enver A, Ozmeric N, Isler SC, Toruner M, Fidan C, Demirci G, Elgun S, DA Silva APB. An Evaluation of Periodontal Status and Cytokine Levels in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1649-1660. [PMID: 35665507 PMCID: PMC10083950 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Periodontal diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]) have been reported to present with increased salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary and GCF levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-17A and their associations with the periodontal statuses of UC, CD and non-IBD patients, and to analyze the interrelationships among these cytokines, IBD conditions, and periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed with a total of 131 patients (62 women and 69 men, mean age 42.96±13.02 years). Patients were divided into three groups: UC, CD, and non-IBD. Periodontal status was defined according to the 2017 World Workshop Disease Classification. Salivary and GCF cytokine levels were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS UC and CD patients diagnosed as having periodontitis and gingivitis presented with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and lower levels of IL-10 as compared with non-IBD patients (p<0.05). UC patients diagnosed with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher scores of bleeding on probing (p = 0.011) and increased salivary and GCF IL-1β levels as compared with CD patients (p = 0.005, and 0.012 respectively). Considering the active and remission status of IBD, salivary IL-1β was found to be correlated with the parameters representing the severity of periodontal diseases in active UC and CD patients. CONCLUSION(S) In the presence of periodontal diseases, UC and CD patients showed different expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in oral secretions as compared with non-IBD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Enver
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Ozmeric
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sila Cagri Isler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Murat Toruner
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Fidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Demirci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serenay Elgun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andre Paes B DA Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Buchbender M, Lugenbühl A, Fehlhofer J, Kirschneck C, Ries J, Lutz R, Sticherling M, Kesting MR. Investigation of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Oral Biofilm Samples in Patients with Systemic Scleroderma and the Association with Clinical Periodontal Parameters-A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111145. [PMID: 34833021 PMCID: PMC8618500 DOI: 10.3390/life11111145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic scleroderma (SSc) has multiple orofacial effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of inflammatory mediators in biofilm samples. It was hypothesized that different expression levels and clinical associations might be drawn. METHODS A total of 39 biofilm samples from group 1 = SSc and group 2 = healthy control were examined for the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-2,-6, and -10; matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9; and surface antigens CD90 and CD34 by quantitative real-time PCR and clinical parameters. Relative quantitative (RQ) gene expression was determined using the ∆∆CT method. RESULTS The mean bleeding on probing values (p = 0.006), clinical attachment loss (CAL) (p = 0.009), gingival recession (p = 0.020), limited mouth opening (p = 0.001) and cervical tooth defects (p = 0.011) were significantly higher in group 1. RQ expressions of IL-2 and CD34 were significantly lower, IL-6, MMP-9, and CD90 were significantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation of IL-6/MMP-9 and negative correlation of mouth opening/CAL and IL-6/CAL. CONCLUSION Different expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, MMP-9, CD34 and CD90 were detected in biofilm samples from patients with SSc compared to control. An immunological correlation to the clinical parameters of mouth opening and CAL was shown; thus, we conclude that SSc might have an impact on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-33614
| | - Amelie Lugenbühl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Jakob Fehlhofer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Rainer Lutz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Michael Sticherling
- Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marco Rainer Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.L.); (J.F.); (J.R.); (R.L.); (M.R.K.)
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