Influence of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) incorporated experimental cleaners on the bonding performance of saliva-contaminated zirconia ceramic

Treatment of saliva contamination of resin core foundation before adhesive luting

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of surface pretreatment on the shear bond strength of resin luting cement to saliva-contaminated resin core foundation. The surface free energy (γS) of the adherent surfaces was examined. The two-way analysis of variance revealed that the surface pretreatment and storage conditions had a significant effect on the strength of the bond to resin core foundation. The γS values of the saliva-contaminated group were significantly lower than those of the other groups, and they tended to improve after surface pretreatment. The tendency of improvement in γS values differed depending on the type of pretreatment agents. Surface treatment with solutions containing functional monomers is effective in removing saliva contaminants from the resin core foundation surfaces and in creating an effective bonding surface for the resin luting cement.

MDP-salts as an adhesion promoter with MDP-primers and self-adhesive resin cement for zirconia cementation

PURPOSE

To evaluate the effect of zirconia priming with MDP-Salt before MDP containing primers and self-adhesive cement on the shear bond strength.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fully sintered high translucent zirconia specimens (n = 120) were assigned into 2 groups (n = 60 each): Control (No Pretreatment) and Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate salt (MDP-Salt) pretreated. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 20) according to cementation protocol: 1) MDP + Silane primer and conventional resin cement, 2) MDP+ Bisphenyl dimethacrylate (BPDM) primer and conventional resin cement, and 3) MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 10,000 thermocycling. Contact angle was measured for tested groups. Surface topography was assessed using a 3D confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Weibull analysis was performed for SBS and one-way ANOVA for contact angle and surface topography measurements (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

The use of MDP-Salt significantly improved the SBS (p < .05) for all tested subgroups. Self-adhesive cement showed an insignificant difference with MDP + Silane group for both groups (p > .05). MDP + BPDM showed a significantly lower characteristic strength compared to self-adhesive resin cement when both were pretreated with MDP-Salt. No difference between all tested groups in the surface topographic measurements while MDP-Salt showed the highest contact angle.

CONCLUSION

MDP-Salt pretreatment can improve bonding performance between zirconia and MDP containing products.

Alumina and glass-bead blasting effect on bond strength of zirconia using 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement and primers

In fact, bonding of zirconia restorations is still a big challenge in clinical situations and many bonding protocols discussed in literature might be still controversial. The aim of this was to study assess the bond strength of zirconia after alumina and glass-bead pre-treatments with two different primers in combination with conventional resin cement and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement without priming. Fully sintered high translucent zirconia samples (n = 160) were assigned into 2 groups of pre-treatments (n  = 80): Alumina-sandblasting (AB) and Glass-bead (GB). Then, each group was divided into 4 sub-groups according to priming and cement used (n  = 20 each): conventional self-adhesive resin cement, MDP-silane Primer, MDP primer both with conventional self-adhesive resin cement, and MDP contained cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after thermocycling. Failure mode was analyzed using stereomicroscope. Contact angle and surface topography were investigated using other fully sintered samples (n  = 30) constructed for that sole purpose, divided into control (no pre-treatment [unmodified], alumina-, and glass-bead sandblasted groups). Two-way ANOVA was performed for SBS and failure mode was analyzed. The use of Alumina-sandblasting showed higher SBS compared to Glass-bead pre-treatment for MDP-silane primer (p = 0.034) and MDP primer (p < 0.001). While MDP contained cement showed higher but insignificant SBS when pre-treated with glass-beads. Alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead pre-treatments improve bond strength of zirconia combined using primers before cementation with conventional resin cement. Also, self-adhesive MDP contained cement along with surface pre-treatment showed the highest achievable bond strength. It was concluded that both alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead blasting improved SBS combined with MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement reducing the required clinical steps during cementation of zirconia restorations.

Effect of ceramic primers with different chemical contents on the shear bond strength of CAD/CAM ceramics with resin cement after thermal ageing

BACKGROUND

This study evaluated the effect of ceramic primers containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl phosphate (10-MDP) and γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of CAD/CAM ceramics with different chemical structures and resin cement.

METHODS

A total of 640 CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were obtained from Vita Mark II (VM), IPS E.max CAD (EM), Vita Suprinity (VS) and Vita Enamic (VE). The specimens were divided into two groups: etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and unetched. Each group was treated with a different ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, G-Multi Primer and Monobond S), except for an untreated group (n = 10). After ceramic primers and resin cement were applied to each ceramic surface, half of the specimens were thermally aged at 10,000 cycles, 5-55 ± 1 °C, with a dwell time of 30 s. The SBS was tested with a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analysed by using statistical software (SPSS 20). Normal data distribution was checked with the Shapiro‒Wilk test. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyse the difference between the numeric data of the HF etched and thermally aged groups. A post hoc Tukey test was applied in the paired comparison of significant difference. The statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05.

RESULTS

The highest SBS values were obtained in the HF etched G-Multi primer applied nonaged EM group (28.3 ± 2.62 MPa), while the lowest values were obtained in the nonetched and thermally aged EM group that received no treatment (2.86 ± 0.04 Mpa). The SBS significantly increased in all specimens on which the ceramic primer was applied (p < 0.001). Thermal ageing had a significant negative effect on the SBS values in all groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The positive combined effects of the 10-MDP and γ-MPTS agents resulted in a significant increase in the bonding strength of the resin cement to the CAD/CAM ceramics. In addition, the increase in the amount of inorganic filler provided a favourable effect on durable adhesion.

The effects of applying a novel cleaner on the bonding strength of zirconia surfaces

This study evaluates how pre-treatment with an MDP-containing cleaning agent (Katana Cleaner, Kuraray) influences the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of saliva-contaminated zirconia when used with universal adhesive (UA) systems. Rectangular specimens (2 mm × 12 mm × 15 mm) were obtained (IPS, e.max ZirCAD, MO, B65L17, Ivoclar Vivadent) and divided into three groups; a non-contaminated group (control group)(CON), a contaminated and cleaned with isopropyl alcohol group(ISP), and lastly, a group contaminated and cleaned with an MDP-containing cleaning agent(KAC). Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups according to the UAs used (n = 12). Composite cylinders were prepared and bonded to each surface with Panavia V5 (Kuraray, Noritake Dental). A µSBS test was performed and the data were evaluated with the two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) and multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05). The highest µSBS values were obtained in the non-contaminated group (p < 0.001), regardless of UAs. All subgroups showed lower µSBS values after saliva contamination, but KAC resulted in significantly higher µSBS values than 99% isopropanol (p < 0.001). Overall, the lowest µSBS value was obtained with 99% isopropanol. The KAC-Clearfil UA subgroup resulted in statistically significantly higher µSBS values than the other UAs (p = 0.035 and 0.007), although all three UAs resulted in sufficient µSBS values. This study revealed that applying KAC followed by a UA containing phosphate monomers produces promising results for improving µSBS values of zirconia, greater than results using 99% isopropanol.Clinical relevance: An MDP-containing cleaning agent followed by a phosphate monomer containing a universal adhesive is a promising method to obtain acceptable bonds with saliva-contaminated zirconia ceramics.

10-Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (10-MDP)-Containing Cleaner Improves Bond Strength to Contaminated Monolithic Zirconia: An In-Vitro Study

Contamination of zirconia restorations before cementation can impair the resin–zirconia bonding durability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of human saliva or blood decontamination with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)-containing cleaner on the resin–zirconia shear bond strength (SBS). Methods: A total of 220 zirconia specimens were prepared and air-abraded and randomly distributed into 11 groups (n = 20 per group). Except for the control group (no contamination), zirconia specimens were contaminated with either human saliva (five groups) or blood (five groups), and then subjected to one of five cleaning methods: water rinsing, 38% phosphoric acid etchant (Pulpdent Corp., Watertown, MA, USA), 70% isopropanol alcohol (Avalon Pharma, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), Ivoclean (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein) and Katana Cleaner (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan). The resin–zirconia SBS was tested at 24 h and after thermocycling (10 k cycles). Three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were utilized to analyze the SBS data. Failure modes were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Both blood and saliva significantly affected resin–zirconia SBS as contaminants. After thermocycling, there was no statistically significant difference between SBS obtained after decontamination with the Katana Cleaner (blood, 6.026 ± 2.805 MPa; saliva, 5.206 ± 2.212 MPa) or Ivoclean (blood, 7.08 ± 3.309 MPa; saliva, 6.297 ± 3.083 MPa), and the control group (no contamination, 7.479 ± 3.64 MPa). Adhesive and mixed failures were the most frequent among the tested groups. Conclusion: Both 10-MDP-containing cleaner (Katana Cleaner) and zirconium oxide-containing cleaner (Ivoclean) could eliminate the negative effect of saliva and blood contamination on resin–zirconia SBS.

MDP Salts: A New Bonding Strategy for Zirconia

Durable resin-ceramic adhesion may influence the clinical success of ceramic restorations, which has been one of the challenging issues in dentistry. The present study assessed the bond strength and chemical interaction of 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), MDP+silane, and MDP-salt primers to alumina-blasted zirconia ceramic by tensile bond strength test, surface elemental composition with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, contact angle measurement, surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy, and surface topography with 3-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscope analyses. MDP-salt showed the highest tensile bond strength before and after thermocycling when compared with MDP and MDP+silane (P < 0.05). The measured contact angle values differed significantly (P < 0.001) in the order of MDP-salt > control (no chemical pretreatment) > MDP+silane > MDP. There was no difference in surface roughness (P = 0.317) and surface topography among all tested groups. Zirconia treated with MDP-salt showed phosphorus peaks in addition to zirconia and alumina peaks. MDP-salt has zirconia priming properties, which improves bonding performance to resin cement.

The effects of different silicatization and silanization protocols on the bond durability of resin cements to new high-translucent zirconia

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different silicatization protocols with various silane treatment methods on the bond performance to high-translucent zirconia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

High-translucent zirconia specimens were assigned to five groups according to mechanical surface pretreatment: as-sintered (Con), 0.2 MPa alumina sandblasting (AB2), tribochemical silica coating (TSC), 0.2 and 0.4 MPa glass bead air abrasion (GB2) and (GB4). Each group was subjected to 4 different cementation protocols: Panavia SA Universal (SAU), Panavia SA plus (SAP), silane + SAP (S-SAP), and Universal adhesive + SAP (U-SAP). Tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured after 24 h and 10,000 thermocycling (TC). Surface topography, surface energy, and elemental composition of the abraded zirconia surface analyses were completed. TBS data was analyzed using the Weibull analysis method. Surface roughness and surface energy were compared by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

After 24 h, higher TBS was achieved with all cementation protocols in AB2 and TSC, also, in GB2 with all protocols except U-SAP, and in GB4 with SAU and S-SAP. After aging, GB4/S-SAP, GB2/S-SAP, AB2/U-SAP, and TSC/S-SAP showed the highest bond strength. GB groups showed the lowest surface roughness and highest surface energy.

CONCLUSION

Glass bead abrasion achieved the durable bond strength to high-translucent zirconia using a separate silane coupling agent while altered surface chemistry, surface energy, and roughness without effect on morphology.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Glass bead air abrasion is an alternative to alumina sandblasting and tribochemical silica coating and improves bond strength to high translucent zirconia.