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Bezem MT, Johannessen FG, Kråkenes TA, Sailor MJ, Martinez A. Relevance of Electrostatics for the Interaction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase with Porous Silicon Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:976-985. [PMID: 33417459 PMCID: PMC7927144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the
enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting
step in the synthesis of dopamine in the brain. Developing enzyme
replacement therapies using TH could therefore be beneficial to patient
groups with dopamine deficiency, and the use of nanocarriers that
cross the blood–brain barrier seems advantageous for this purpose.
Nanocarriers may also help to maintain the structure and function
of TH, which is complex and unstable. Understanding how TH may interact
with a nanocarrier is therefore crucial for the investigation of such
therapeutic applications. This work describes the interaction of TH
with porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs), chosen since they have
been shown to deliver other macromolecular therapeutics successfully
to the brain. Size distributions obtained by dynamic light scattering
show a size increase of pSiNPs upon addition of TH and the changes
observed at the surface of pSiNPs by transmission electron microscopy
also indicated TH binding at pH 7. As pSiNPs are negatively charged,
we also investigated the binding at pH 6, which makes TH less negatively
charged than at pH 7. However, as seen by thioflavin-T fluorescence,
TH aggregated at this more acidic pH. TH activity was unaffected by
the binding to pSiNPs most probably because the active site stays
available for catalysis, in agreement with calculations of the surface
electrostatic potential pointing to the most positively charged regulatory
domains in the tetramer as the interacting regions. These results
reveal pSiNPs as a promising delivery device of enzymatically active
TH to increase local dopamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Bezem
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Fredrik G Johannessen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Trond-André Kråkenes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009, Norway
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2
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Politi J, Spadavecchia J, Fiorentino G, Antonucci I, De Stefano L. Arsenate reductase from Thermus thermophilus conjugated to polyethylene glycol-stabilized gold nanospheres allow trace sensing and speciation of arsenic ions. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0629. [PMID: 27707908 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Water sources pollution by arsenic ions is a serious environmental problem all around the world. Arsenate reductase enzyme (TtArsC) from Thermus thermophilus extremophile bacterium, naturally binds arsenic ions, As(V) and As (III), in aqueous solutions. In this research, TtArsC enzyme adsorption onto hybrid polyethylene glycol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was studied at different pH values as an innovative nanobiosystem for metal concentration monitoring. Characterizations were performed by UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies, TEM images and in terms of surface charge changes. The molecular interaction between arsenic ions and the TtArsC-AuNPs nanobiosystem was also monitored at all pH values considered by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Tests performed revealed high sensitivities and limits of detection equal to 10 ± 3 M-12 and 7.7 ± 0.3 M-12 for As(III) and As(V), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Politi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, 80127 Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Antonucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unit of Naples-National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, 80127 Naples, Italy
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3
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Anti-infective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent and literature review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:693-704. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.778245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Genome sequence of the model hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis NS-C. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:2375-6. [PMID: 22493191 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00123-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis strain NS-C, first isolated in 1985, has been a foundational organism for archaeal research in biocatalysis, DNA replication, metabolism, and the discovery of inteins. Here, we present the genome sequence of T. litoralis with a focus on the replication machinery and inteins.
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Hileman TH, Santangelo TJ. Genetics Techniques for Thermococcus kodakarensis. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:195. [PMID: 22701112 PMCID: PMC3370424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermococcus kodakarensis (T. kodakarensis) has emerged as a premier model system for studies of archaeal biochemistry, genetics, and hyperthermophily. This prominence is derived largely from the natural competence of T. kodakarensis and the comprehensive, rapid, and facile techniques available for manipulation of the T. kodakarensis genome. These genetic capacities are complemented by robust planktonic growth, simple selections, and screens, defined in vitro transcription and translation systems, replicative expression plasmids, in vivo reporter constructs, and an ever-expanding knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms underlying T. kodakarensis metabolism. Here we review the existing techniques for genetic and biochemical manipulation of T. kodakarensis. We also introduce a universal platform to generate the first comprehensive deletion and epitope/affinity tagged archaeal strain libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Hileman
- Department of Microbiology, Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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Wu CC, Ko FH, Yang YS, Hsia DL, Lee BS, Su TS. Label-free biosensing of a gene mutation using a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:820-5. [PMID: 19765969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (NWFET) that allows deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensing. The nanowire (NW) was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer to provide effective ohmic contact. The NWFET sensor displayed n-channel depletion characteristics. To demonstrate the sensing capacity of the NWFET, we employed the BRAF(V599E) mutation gene, which correlates to the occurrence of cancers, as the target DNA sequence. The threshold voltage of the NWFET increased when the mutation gene was hybridized with the capture DNA strands on the nanowire, and decreased to the original level after de-hybridization of the gene. The shift in the drain current-gate voltage (I(D)-V(G)) curves revealed that the electrical signal had a logarithmic relationship with respect to the concentration of the mutation gene of up to six orders of magnitude, with the detection limit in the sub-femtomolar level. The detection results of mismatched DNA sequences, including one- and five-base-mismatched DNA strands, could be distinguished from complementary DNA gene by this sensor. The excellent electrical results obtained using this label-free NWFET sensor suggest that such devices might be potentially useful tools for biological research and oncogene screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Tommasi ED, Rea I, Rendina I, Rotiroti L, Stefano LD. Protein conformational changes revealed by optical spectroscopic reflectometry in porous silicon multilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:035115. [PMID: 21817273 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/3/035115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protein-ligand molecular interactions imply strong geometrical and structural rearrangements of the biological complex which are normally detected by high sensitivity optical techniques such as time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. In this work, we have measured, by optical spectroscopic reflectometry in the visible-near-infrared region, the interaction between a sugar binding protein (SBP), covalently bound on the surface of a porous silicon (PSi) microcavity, and glucose, at different concentrations and temperatures. Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometric (VASE) characterization of protein-functionalized PSi layers confirms that the protein-ligand system has an overall volume smaller than the SBP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Tommasi
- National Council of Research, Institute for Microelectronic and Microsystems, Department of Naples, Via P Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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De Stefano L, Lamberti A, Rotiroti L, De Stefano M. Interfacing the nanostructured biosilica microshells of the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii with biological matter. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:126-30. [PMID: 17980684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biosilicified nanostructured microshells from the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii have been properly functionalised to bind a molecular probe which specifically recognises a target analyte. The chemical modification process has been characterised by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the antibodies we used, even if linked to the amorphous silica surface of C. wailesii microshells, still efficiently recognise their antigens. These low cost and largely available natural materials can be thus used as transducers elements for optical biosensors or as targeting microcapsules for drug delivery.
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