1
|
Grahl MVC, Uberti AF, Broll V, Bacaicoa-Caruso P, Meirelles EF, Carlini CR. Proteus mirabilis Urease: Unsuspected Non-Enzymatic Properties Relevant to Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137205. [PMID: 34281258 PMCID: PMC8268090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Proteus mirabilis causes urinary stones and catheter incrustation due to ammonia formed by urease (PMU), one of its virulence factors. Non-enzymatic properties, such as pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities, were previously reported for distinct ureases, including that of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here, PMU was assayed on isolated cells to evaluate its non-enzymatic properties. Purified PMU (nanomolar range) was tested in human (platelets, HEK293 and SH-SY5Y) cells, and in murine microglia (BV-2). PMU promoted platelet aggregation. It did not affect cellular viability and no ammonia was detected in the cultures’ supernatants. PMU-treated HEK293 cells acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with PMU showed high levels of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS production, but unlike BV-2 cells, SH-SY5Y did not synthesize TNF-α and IL-1β. Texas Red-labeled PMU was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of all cell types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed two bipartite nuclear localization sequences in PMU. We have shown that PMU, besides urinary stone formation, can potentially contribute in other ways to pathogenesis. Our data suggest that PMU triggers pro-inflammatory effects and may affect cells beyond the renal system, indicating a possible role in extra-urinary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus V. C. Grahl
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (M.V.C.G.); (A.F.U.)
| | - Augusto F. Uberti
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (M.V.C.G.); (A.F.U.)
| | - Valquiria Broll
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Paula Bacaicoa-Caruso
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Evelin F. Meirelles
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Celia R. Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-33205986
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wu J, Wu J, Fan Q, Zhou J, Wu J, Liu S, Zang J, Ye J, Xiao M, Tian T, Gao J. Exosome-mediated targeted delivery of miR-210 for angiogenic therapy after cerebral ischemia in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30782171 PMCID: PMC6379944 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA-210 (miR-210) holds great promise to improve angiogenesis for brain tissue repair after cerebral ischemia. However, safe and efficient delivery of miR-210 via intravenous administration is still a challenge. In the past decade, exosomes have emerged as a novel endogenous delivery system. Here, c(RGDyK) peptide is conjugated to exosomes, and they are loaded with cholesterol-modified miR-210 (RGD-exo:miR-210). Results In a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, the RGD-exo:miR-210 targets the lesion region of the ischemic brain after intravenous administration, resulting in an increase in miR-210 at the site. Furthermore, RGD-exo:miR-210 are administered once every other day for 14 days, and the expressions of integrin β3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 are significantly upregulated. The animal survival rate is also enhanced. Conclusions These results suggest a strategy for the targeted delivery of miR-210 to ischemic brain and provide an angiogenic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0461-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zhang
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- The Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahuan Wu
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Fan
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwen Wu
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sichen Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zang
- The School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- The Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|