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Peron M, Bertolini R, Cogo S. On the corrosion, stress corrosion and cytocompatibility performances of ALD TiO 2 and ZrO 2 coated magnesium alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104945. [PMID: 34740009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are increasingly studied as materials for temporary implants. However, their high corrosion rate and susceptibility to corrosion-assisted cracking phenomena, such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), continue to prevent their mainstream use. Recently, coatings have been considered to provide an effective solution to these issues and researchers have focused their attention on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). ALD stands out as a coating technology due to the outstanding film conformality and density achievable, and has shown encouraging preliminary results in terms of reduced corrosion rate and reduced SCC susceptibility. Here, we contribute to the ongoing interest in ALD-coated Mg alloys, providing a comprehensive characterisation of the effect of 100 nm thick ALD TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings on the corrosion behaviour and SCC susceptibility of AZ31 alloy. Moreover, we also investigate the effect of these coatings on the induced biological response. Our results suggest that the ALD coatings can improve the corrosion and SCC resistance of the Mg alloy, with the ZrO2 ALD coating showing the best improvements. We suggest that the different corrosion behaviours are the cause of the cytocompatibility results (only the ZrO2 ALD coating was found to meet the demands for cellular applications). Finally, we leverage on considerations about the coatings' wettability, electrochemical stability and surface integrity to justify the different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peron
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - R Bertolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - S Cogo
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6EX, Reading, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
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2
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Kang IH, Hwang SH, Baek YJ, Kim SG, Han YL, Kang MS, Woo JG, Lee JM, Yu ES, Bae BS. Interfacial Oxidized Gate Insulators for Low-Power Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2717-2726. [PMID: 33553889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low power consumption is essential for wearable and internet-of-things applications. An effective way of reducing power consumption is to reduce the operation voltage using a very thin and high-dielectric gate insulator. In an oxide thin-film transistor (TFT), the channel layer is an oxide material in which oxygen reacts with metal to form a thin insulator layer. The interfacial oxidation between the gate metal and In-Ga-Zn oxide (IGZO) was investigated with Al, Ti, and Mo. Positive bias was applied to the gate metal for enhanced oxygen diffusion since the migration of oxygen is an important factor in interfacial oxidation. Through interfacial oxidation, a top-gate oxide TFT was developed with low source-drain voltages below 0.5 V and a gate voltage swing less than 1 V, which provide low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Kang
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Hwang
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Young Jo Baek
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Seo Gwon Kim
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Ye Lin Han
- Department of NanoBioTronics, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Min Su Kang
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Woo
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Jong Mo Lee
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Eun Seong Yu
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Byung Seong Bae
- School of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
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3
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Kang IH, Hwang SH, Baek YJ, Kim SG, Han YL, Kang MS, Woo JG, Lee JM, Yu ES, Bae BS. Interfacial Oxidized Gate Insulators for Low-Power Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2717-2726. [PMID: 33553889 PMCID: PMC7860086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low power consumption is essential for wearable and internet-of-things applications. An effective way of reducing power consumption is to reduce the operation voltage using a very thin and high-dielectric gate insulator. In an oxide thin-film transistor (TFT), the channel layer is an oxide material in which oxygen reacts with metal to form a thin insulator layer. The interfacial oxidation between the gate metal and In-Ga-Zn oxide (IGZO) was investigated with Al, Ti, and Mo. Positive bias was applied to the gate metal for enhanced oxygen diffusion since the migration of oxygen is an important factor in interfacial oxidation. Through interfacial oxidation, a top-gate oxide TFT was developed with low source-drain voltages below 0.5 V and a gate voltage swing less than 1 V, which provide low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Kang
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Hwang
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Young Jo Baek
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Seo Gwon Kim
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Ye Lin Han
- Department
of NanoBioTronics, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Min Su Kang
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Woo
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Jong Mo Lee
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Eun Seong Yu
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
| | - Byung Seong Bae
- School
of Electronics and Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Korea
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Peron M, Bin Afif A, Dadlani AL, Berto F, Torgersen J. Improving stress corrosion cracking behavior of AZ31 alloy with conformal thin titania and zirconia coatings for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:104005. [PMID: 32769072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys have been widely studied as materials for temporary implant devices. However, corrosion-assisted cracking phenomena such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) continue to prevent their mainstream use. For the first time, we explore the SCC susceptibility of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coated AZ31 alloys in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Conformal 100 nm coatings of titania and zirconia were deposited on standard dogbone specimens and subjected to slow strain rate tests at 3.5 10-6 s-1 and a temperature of 37 °C. Remarkably, the SCC susceptibility index IUTS was reduced by 6% and 40% and the Iε was reduced by more than 70% and 76% with a titania and zirconia coating, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization, hydrogen evolution and fracture behavior of the samples revealed the drastic corrosion reduction to be the main reason for the susceptibility reduction. We discuss the observed SCC behavior of our samples in light of the coatings' electrochemical activities, wettabilities, surface integrities and mechanical properties. This straightforward conformal surface treatment can be useful as a workaround for one of the major bottlenecks of biomedical Mg based implants and hence provides a possible pathway for making them more commonplace in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peron
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - A Bin Afif
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A L Dadlani
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - F Berto
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Torgersen
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7034, Trondheim, Norway
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Effects of Micro-Arc Oxidation Process Parameters on Characteristics of Calcium-Phosphate Containing Oxide Layers on the Selective Laser Melted Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titania-based films on selective laser melted Ti13Zr13Nb have been formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) at different process parameters (voltage, current, processing time) in order to evaluate the impact of MAO process parameters in calcium and phosphate (Ca + P) containing electrolyte on surface characteristic, early-stage bioactivity, nanomechanical properties, and adhesion between the oxide coatings and substrate. The surface topography, surface roughness, pore diameter, elemental composition, crystal structure, surface wettability, and the early stage-bioactivity in Hank’s solution were evaluated for all coatings. Hardness, maximum indent depth, Young’s modulus, and Ecoating/Esubstrate, H/E, H3/E2 ratios were determined in the case of nanomechanical evaluation while the MAO coating adhesion properties were estimated by the scratch test. The study indicated that the most important parameter of MAO process influencing the coating characteristic is voltage. Due to the good ratio of structural and nanomechanical properties of the coatings, the optimal conditions of MAO process were found at 300 V during 15 min, at 32 mA or 50 mA of current, which resulted in the predictable structure, high Ca/P ratio, high hydrophilicity, the highest demonstrated early-stage bioactivity, better nanomechanical properties, the elastic modulus and hardness well close to the values characteristic for bones, as compared to specimens treated at a lower voltage (200 V) and uncoated substrate, as well as a higher critical load of adhesion and total delamination.
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Ruzimuradov O, Braglia M, Vacandio F, Knauth P. A humidity-sensitive nanocomposite solid ion conductor: sulfonated poly-ether-ether-ketone in nanotubular TiO2 or ZrO2 matrix. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-4026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Characterization of Porous Phosphate Coatings Enriched with Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper Created on CP Titanium Grade 2 by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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