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Borba V, Carrera-Bastos P, Zandman-Goddard G, Lucia A, Shoenfeld Y. Prolactin's paradox: Friend, foe, or both in immune regulation? Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103643. [PMID: 39306220 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Over 100 diseases have been recognized as autoimmune in nature, collectively affecting ∼20 % of the population in industrialized countries. These conditions are more prevalent among women of childbearing age, reflecting the potential association between alterations in the immune-neuroendocrine network, on the one hand, and autoimmune conditions, on the other. Prolactin (PRL), a polypeptide hormone that is primarily (but not only) secreted by the lactotrophic cells of the pituitary gland, is a critical element of the immune-neuroendocrine network. Although this hormone has several nonimmune functions, its role in regulating immune responses and affecting autoimmune inflammation is particularly enigmatic and controversial. Indeed, PRL interacts with various immune cells to bolster the body defenses, but also potentially to exacerbate autoimmune conditions. Understanding how and when PRL acts as a 'friend or foe' is crucial for unraveling its role as a potential therapeutic target in the management of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This review therefore provides a critical overview of PRL's role in the immune system, and of the influence of this pleiotropic hormone in the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Internal Medicine, Rehaklinik Dussnang, Thurgau, Switzerland.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Department of Rheumatology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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Langan EA. Prolactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7100. [PMID: 39000207 PMCID: PMC11241005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone prolactin (PRL) is best recognised for its indispensable role in mammalian biology, specifically the regulation of lactation. Bearing in mind that the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland, it is perhaps unsurprising to discover that PRL also plays a significant role in cutaneous biology and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of skin diseases, often those reportedly triggered and/or exacerbated by psychological stress. Given that PRL has been implicated in over 300 biological processes, spanning reproduction and hair growth and thermo- to immunoregulation, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PRL and the skin remains frustratingly elusive. In an historical curiosity, the first hint that PRL could affect skin biology came from the observation of seborrhoea in patients with post-encephalitic Parkinsonism as a result of another global pandemic, encephalitis lethargica, at the beginning of the last century. As PRL is now being postulated as a potential immunomodulator for COVID-19 infection, it is perhaps timeous to re-examine this pluripotent hormone with cytokine-like properties in the cutaneous context, drawing together our understanding of the role of PRL in skin disease to illustrate how targeting PRL-mediated signalling may represent a novel strategy to treat a range of skin diseases and hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany;
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Mousavi MJ, Alizadeh A, Ghotloo S. Interference of B lymphocyte tolerance by prolactin in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16977. [PMID: 37332964 PMCID: PMC10276217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are the most common rheumatic autoimmune diseases/disorders (RADs) that affect autologous connective tissues as a result of the breakdown of the self-tolerance mechanisms of the immune system. Prolactin, a glycoprotein hormone, has been known for its crucial role in the pathogenesis of these rheumatic autoimmune diseases. In addition to regulating lymphocyte proliferation and antibody synthesis, prolactin is also responsible for regulating cytokine production. Moreover, it contributes to the breakdown of central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms of B lymphocytes. Given the crucial role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of the mentioned RADs, prolactin may contribute to their pathogenesis by the breakdown of tolerance. In the present study, the key role of prolactin to the breakdown of B lymphocyte tolerance and its possible implication for the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed. Current literature supports prolactin's role in the breakdown of B lymphocyte central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, such apoptosis, receptor editing, and also anergy. Therefore, prolactin may contribute to the pathogenesis of RADs by the breakdown of B lymphocyte tolerance. However, more investigations, particularly in RA and SSc animal models, are required to precisely address the pathologic role of prolactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Student Research and Technology Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Hematology, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ardalan Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Prolactin and autoimmunity: The hormone as an inflammatory cytokine. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101324. [PMID: 31564625 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more than 80 autoimmune disorders are recognized, in which an aberrant immune response against different organs and tissues plays a crucial role. Hormonal homeostasis has great influence in achieving competent and healthy immune system function. Prolactin has a bioactive function acting as a hormone and a cytokine. It influences the immune system modulation, mainly inhibiting the negative selection of autoreactive B lymphocytes. Hyperprolactinemia has been detected in many patients with different autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, systemic sclerosis, among others, and its believed to play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. A direct correlation between prolactin levels and disease activity was not clear. Genetic factors may have a role in humans as in animal models. Dopamine agonists have proven to offer clinical benefits among autoimmune patients and represent a promising therapy to be explored. In this review, the authors attempt to provide a critical overview on the role of prolactin in the immune system, exploring its contribution to the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vieira Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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Shindler AE, Hill-Yardin EL, Petrovski S, Bishop N, Franks AE. Towards Identifying Genetic Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:76-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Liu Y, Kang Z, Huo Y, He Z, Feng X, Yin J, Wu X, Wang H, Xu H. Hyperprolactinemia is associated with a high prevalence of serum autoantibodies, high levels of inflammatory cytokines and an abnormal distribution of peripheral B-cell subsets. Endocrine 2019; 64:648-656. [PMID: 30887277 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) has been reported in many autoimmune diseases. However, the serum autoantibody profile and peripheral B-cell subset distribution in women with HPRL are largely unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the autoantibody prevalence and cytokine levels as well as to further explore the B-cell subset distribution in women with HPRL. METHODS Sera from 202 women with HPRL and 97 healthy women were included in this study. All sera were examined for prolactin (PRL), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor, anticardiolipin (ACL), immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, complement 3, complement 4, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Peripheral blood was collected from 22 women with HPRL and 19 healthy women, and B-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS At least one autoantibody was found in 47 out of 202 women with HPRL compared with 9 of 97 healthy women (p < 0.001). The levels of IL-4 (p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in women with HPRL than in healthy women. The percentages of naive IgD+IgM- B cells (BND cells, p < 0.0001), antibody-secreting cells (p = 0.007) and unswitched memory B cells (p = 0.004) among the total B cells from HPRL women were significantly higher than those from healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Women with HPRL had a higher prevalence of autoantibodies, higher serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6, and more BND cells, antibody-secreting B cells and unswitched memory B cells than healthy women. These data imply that a high level of PRL is associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianmei Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwen He
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Tang MW, Garcia S, Gerlag DM, Tak PP, Reedquist KA. Insight into the Endocrine System and the Immune System: A Review of the Inflammatory Role of Prolactin in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:720. [PMID: 28690611 PMCID: PMC5481306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects females three times more frequently than males. A potential role for hormones, such as prolactin (PRL), may in part explain this phenomenon. The risk of developing RA is increased in women who are lactating after the first pregnancy, which might be related to breastfeeding and the release of PRL. Other studies found a protective effect of PRL on RA development. Some studies have reported that hyperprolactinemia is more common in RA and serum PRL levels are correlated with several disease parameters, although others could not confirm these findings. Overall the plasma PRL levels are on average not elevated in RA. Previously, a small number of open-label clinical trials using bromocriptine, which indirectly decreases PRL levels, were performed in RA patients and showed clinical benefit, although others found the opposite effect. Locally produced PRL at the site of inflammation may have a crucial role in RA as well, as it has been shown that PRL can be produced by synovial macrophages. Locally produced PRL has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is also an autoinflammatory disease, in which the prolactin receptor is also expressed in macrophages. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of PRL signaling in inflammatory joint diseases (RA and PsA) and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man W Tang
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Gerlag
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Ivanova SA, Osmanova DZ, Boiko AS, Pozhidaev IV, Freidin MB, Fedorenko OY, Semke AV, Bokhan NA, Kornetova EG, Rakhmazova LD, Wilffert B, Loonen AJM. Prolactin gene polymorphism (-1149 G/T) is associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:110-114. [PMID: 27776952 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs can cause hyperprolactinemia. However, hyperprolactinemia was also observed in treatment-naive patients with a first schizophrenic episode. This phenomenon might be related to the role of prolactin as a cytokine in autoimmune diseases. Extrapituitary prolactin production is regulated by an alternative promoter, which contains the functional single nucleotide polymorphism -1149 G/T (rs1341239). We examined whether this polymorphism was associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD We recruited 443 patients with schizophrenia and 126 healthy controls. The functional polymorphism -1149 G/T (rs1341239) in the prolactin gene was genotyped with multiplexed primer extension, combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups with the χ2 test and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The frequency of genotypes and alleles in patients with schizophrenia did not differ from those in control subjects. A comparison between patients with schizophrenia with and without hyperprolactinemia revealed significantly higher frequency of the G allele in patients with hyperprolactinemia than in patients without it (χ2=7.25; p=0.007; OR=1.44 [1.10-1.89]). Accordingly, patients with hyperprolactinemia carried the GG genotype more frequently than patients without hyperprolactinemia (χ2=9.49; p=0.009). This association remained significant after adjusting the estimates for such covariates as sex, age, duration of the diseases and the dose of chlorpromazine equivalents. CONCLUSION This study revealed a significant association between the polymorphic variant rs1341239 and the development of hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. The serum prolactin concentration in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics may provide an indication of the activity of the gene that regulates extrapituitary prolactin production which is believed to play a role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Z Osmanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia S Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V Pozhidaev
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Yu Fedorenko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy V Semke
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Lubov D Rakhmazova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Loonen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands.
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Prolactin rs1341239 T allele may have protective role against the brick tea type skeletal fluorosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171011. [PMID: 28152004 PMCID: PMC5289533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prolactin (PRL) has been reported to be associated with increased bone turnover, and increased bone turnover is also a feature of skeletal fluorosis (SF). Autocrine/paracrine production of PRL is regulated by the extrapituitary promoter and a polymorphism in the extrapituitary PRL promoter at -1149 (rs1341239) is associated with disturbances of bone metabolism in other diseases. Here, we have investigated the possibility that the rs1341239 polymorphism is associated with SF, which results from the consumption of brick tea. Design We conducted a cross-sectional study in Sinkiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia in China. Demography survey questionnaires were completed and physical examination and X-ray diagnoses were used to diagnose SF. Brick tea water fluoride intake (IF) and urinary fluoride (UF) were tested by an F-ion selective electrode method. A Sequenom MassARRAY system was used to determine PRL gene polymorphisms. Results Subjects who were younger than 45 years of age and carried the T allele had a significantly decreased risk of SF [OR = 0.279 (95%CI, 0.094–0.824)] compared to those carrying the homozygous G allele. This phenomenon was only observed in Kazakh subjects [OR = 0.127 (95%CI, 0.025–0.646)]. Kazakh females who carried T alleles has a decreased risk of SF [OR = 0.410 (95%CI, 0.199–0.847)]. For Kazakh subjects which IF is less than 3.5 mg/d, a decreased risk of SF was observed among the participants who carried T alleles [OR = 0.118 (95%CI, 0.029–0.472)]. Overall, subjects with 1.6–3.2 mg/L UF and carried T alleles had a significantly decreased risk of SF [OR = 0.476 (95%CI, 0.237–0.955)] compared to homozygous G allele carriers. This phenomenon was only observed in Kazakh subjects [OR = 0.324 (95%CI, 0.114–0.923)]. Conclusions Our results suggested that the PRL rs1341239 T allele decreases the risk of brick tea SF.
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Atabaki M, Hashemi M, Daneshvar H, Alijani E. Lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 rs4652 A/C gene variation and the risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:251-255. [PMID: 28357081 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex genetic disease. The lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3 (LGALS3) gene, encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, and is one of the best examples of a non-human leukocyte antigen gene associated with a risk for RA in various populations. In the current study, the association between LGALS3 rs4652 gene polymorphism and RA was examined. This case-control study was performed on the 120 patients with RA and 120 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, and gene polymorphism was tested using a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that LGALS3 rs4652 AC genotype increased the risk of RA (OR=11.622, 95% CI=4.473-28.656; P=0.001) when compared with the AA genotype. However, the CC genotype and the C allele were not associated with RA. These findings indicated an association between LGALS3 rs4652 variation and the risk of RA in a sample of Iranian individuals. Further studies with larger sample sizes and populations of different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Atabaki
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Hamid Daneshvar
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Kerman 76169-14115, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan 98167-43181, Iran
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Associations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 36:287-297. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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