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Zhang Y, Cao X, Cai J, Song M, Du X, Liu Y, Xu Q, Yan H. Genome analysis of a newly isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis-YC01 for biodegrading inosine and guanosine. Biodegradation 2025; 36:21. [PMID: 39964579 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-025-10117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) caused by high serum uric acid (UA) level can lead to a range of metabolic diseases, such as gout, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The reduction of crucial UA precursors of both inosine and guanosine is a potential method to control HUA. Here a promising bacterial strain for biodegrading both inosine and guanosine were successfully isolated from Baijiu cellar mud and identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis-YC01 by ANI analysis. Initial 490 mg/L of inosine and 612 mg/L of guanosine were completely biodegraded by YC01 within 18 h at 38 °C. In addition, the initial 357 mg/L of inosine and 365 mg/L of guanosine were also removed by the cell-free extracts of YC01 at a protein concentration of 0.13 mg/mL within 16 h. Furthermore, the whole genome analysis of YC01 revealed that purine nucleoside phosphorylase and purine nucleosidase played key roles in the biodegradation of inosine and guanosine, which encoded by gene deoD and gene iunH. These findings indicated that YC01 could biodegrade inosine and guanosine, and provided the new valuable insights into microbial removal of UA precursors for the amelioration of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingyuan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meijie Song
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Du L, Zong Y, Li H, Wang Q, Xie L, Yang B, Pang Y, Zhang C, Zhong Z, Gao J. Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:212. [PMID: 39191722 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA), is linked to a spectrum of commodities such as gout, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, etc. Significantly impairing the quality of life for those affected, the prevalence of hyperuricemia is an upward trend globally, especially in most developed countries. UA possesses a multifaceted role, such as antioxidant, pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, nitric oxide modulating, anti-aging, and immune effects, which are significant in both physiological and pathological contexts. The equilibrium of circulating urate levels hinges on the interplay between production and excretion, a delicate balance orchestrated by urate transporter functions across various epithelial tissues and cell types. While existing research has identified hyperuricemia involvement in numerous biological processes and signaling pathways, the precise mechanisms connecting elevated UA levels to disease etiology remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, the influence of genetic susceptibilities and environmental determinants on hyperuricemia calls for a detailed and nuanced examination. This review compiles data from global epidemiological studies and clinical practices, exploring the physiological processes and the genetic foundations of urate transporters in depth. Furthermore, we uncover the complex mechanisms by which the UA induced inflammation influences metabolic processes in individuals with hyperuricemia and the association with its relative disease, offering a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches and advanced pharmacological strategies.
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Grants
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Haorui Li
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhong
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Xu Q, Fan X, Chen G, Ma J, Ye W, Ai S, Wang L, Zheng K, Qin Y, Chen L, Li M, Li X. New-onset metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated renal function decline partially through elevated uric acid: an epidemiological cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1328404. [PMID: 38370360 PMCID: PMC10869501 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1328404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) continues to rise globally and is associated with complications of multiple organ systems. We aimed to identify the association between changes in MetS status and accelerated renal function progression through a regional epidemiological survey in China, thus discovering influence factors with treatable potential. Methods This study was a population-based survey conducted in 2008 and 2014, assessing a representative sample of 5,225 individuals from rural areas of China. They were divided into four subgroups according to their MetS status in 2008 and 2014 (Never, Previously abnormal, New-onset, and Consistent). Multivariate logistic regression and stratification analysis evaluated the relationship between clinical factors and renal function decline under different MetS statuses. Smooth curve fitting further addressed the role of serum uric acid, illustrating the vital turning point of uric acid levels in the background of renal function deterioration. Results Of all groups of MetS states, the new-onset MetS showed the most significant eGFR decline, with a 6.66 ± 8.21 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease over 6 years. The population with newly-onset MetS showed a considerable risk increase in delta eGFR with a beta coefficient of 1.66 (95%CI=1.09-2.23) after necessary correction. In searching for the drivers, the strength of the association was significantly reduced after additional adjustment for uric acid levels (β=0.91, 95%CI=0.35-1.45). Regarding the turning point, uric acid levels exceeding 426 μmol/L were more significantly associated with the stepped-up deterioration of kidney function for those with new-onset MetS. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome demonstrated a solid correlation with the progression of renal function, particularly in those with newly-onset MetS status. In addition to the diagnostic components of MetS, hyperuricemia could be used as a marker to identify the high risk of accelerating eGFR decline early. Furthermore, we suggested a potential renal benefit for the newly-onset MetS population when maintaining their serum uric acid level below the criteria for asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- 44 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sanxi Ai
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bao D, Lv N, Duan X, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhao MH. Prevalence and clinical association of hyperechoic crystal deposits on ultrasonography in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from a single center. J Nephrol 2023; 36:2467-2475. [PMID: 37060437 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperechoic crystal deposits can be detected in the kidney medulla of patients with gout by ultrasonography examination. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is usually accompanied with hyperuricemia. Whether hyperechoic crystal deposition could be detected by ultrasonography in CKD patients, and its clinical association are unknown. METHODS Five hundred and fifteen consecutive CKD patients were included in this observational study. Clinical, biochemical and pathological data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Altogether, 234 (45.4%) patients were found to have hyperuricemia and 25 patients (4.9%) had gout history. Hyperechoic crystal deposits in kidney medulla were found in forty-four (8.5%) patients, on ultrasonography. Compared with patients without hyperechoic crystal deposits, patients with deposits were more likely to be male, younger, with gout history and presenting with higher serum uric acid level, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, lower urine pH, lower 24 h-urinary citrate and uric acid excretion, and with a higher percentage of ischemic nephropathy (all p < 0.05). On multivariable logistic analysis, the hyperechoic depositions were associated with age [0.969 (0.944, 0.994), p = 0.016], serum uric acid level [1.246 (1.027, 1.511), p = 0.026], Sqrt-transformed 24 h-urine uric acid excretion [0.923 (0.856, 0.996), p = 0.039], and ischemic nephropathy [4.524 (1.437, 14.239), p = 0.01], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Hyperechoic crystal deposition can be detected in kidney medulla by ultrasonography; in CKD patients their presence was associated with hyperuricemia as well as with ischemic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorina Bao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiufang Duan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China
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Huang Z, Zhang W, An Q, Lang Y, Liu Y, Fan H, Chen H. Exploration of the anti-hyperuricemia effect of TongFengTangSan (TFTS) by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based non-targeted metabonomics. Chin Med 2023; 18:17. [PMID: 36797795 PMCID: PMC9933412 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TongFengTangSan (TFTS) is a commonly used Tibetan prescription for gout treatment. Previously, TFTS (CF) was confirmed to have a significant uric acid-lowering effect. However, the anti-hyperuricemia mechanisms and the main active fractions remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia mechanism using metabolomics and confirm the active CF fraction. METHODS The hyperuricemia model was established through intraperitoneal injection containing 100 mg/kg potassium oxonate and 150 mg/kg hypoxanthine by gavage. We used serum uric acid (sUA), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as indicators to evaluate the efficacy of CF and the four fractions (SX, CF30, CF60, and CF90). The anti-hyperuricemia mechanism of CF was considered through non-targeted metabolomics depending on the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) helped explore the potential biomarkers in hyperuricemia. Moreover, the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways regulated by CF and four fractions were also assessed. RESULTS CF revealed a significant anti-hyperuricemia effect by down-regulating the level of sUA, sCRE, sIL-1β, and XOD. SX, CF30, CF60, and CF90 differed in the anti-hyperuricemia effect. Only CF60 significantly lowered the sUA level among the four fractions, and it could be the main efficacy fraction of TFTS. Forty-three differential metabolites were identified in hyperuricemia rats from plasma and kidney. Pathway analysis demonstrated that seven pathways were disrupted among hyperuricemia rats. CF reversed 19 metabolites in hyperuricemia rats and exerted an anti-hyperuricemia effect by regulating purine metabolism. CF60 was the main active fraction of TFTS and exerted a similar effect of CF by regulating purine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS CF and CF60 could exert an anti-hyperuricemia effect by regulating the abnormal purine metabolism because of hyperuricemia while improving intestinal and renal function. CF60 could be the main active fraction of TFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Huang
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Wugang Zhang
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004 China ,grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Qiong An
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Yifan Lang
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Ye Liu
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Huifang Fan
- grid.411868.20000 0004 1798 0690State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Haifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Yang Y, Hu Y, Yao F, Yang J, Ge L, Wang P, Xu X. Virtual screening and activity evaluation of human uric acid transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3474-3486. [PMID: 36756549 PMCID: PMC9871872 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a disease caused by disorder of purine metabolism, mainly due to insufficient renal excretion of uric acid. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is the most widely studied target of urate transporters, and used for uric acid (UA) reabsorption. This study used the AlphaFold2 algorithm to predict the structure of URAT1. Virtual screening and biological evaluation were used to discover novel URAT1 inhibitors that target the critical amino acids. Seven compounds were screened from the T2220 database and validated as URAT1 inhibitors by cell biology experiments. The IC50 values of benbromarone, NP023335, TN1148, and TN1008 were 6.878, 18.46, 24.64, and 53.04 μM, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the binding mechanism of URAT1 to NP023335, which forms stable contact with Ser35, Phe365, and Arg477. These interactions are essential for maintaining the biological activity of NP023335. The three compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics were predicted, and NP023335's properties matched those of an empirical medication with the benefits of high solubility, low cardiotoxicity, good membrane permeability, and oral absorption. The natural product NP023335 will serve as a promising hit compound for facilitating the further design of novel URAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Fengli Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Leilei Ge
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd 266102 China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation Qingdao 266071 China
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China
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Liu T, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Lu M, Dai X, Liu Y, Shi H, Xu T, Yin J, Gao S, Wang L, Zhang D. Apigenin Ameliorates Hyperuricemia and Renal Injury through Regulation of Uric Acid Metabolism and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1442. [PMID: 36422572 PMCID: PMC9697024 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a kind of metabolic disease with high incidence that still needs new countermeasures. Apigenin has uric-lowering and kidney-protective activities, but how apigenin attenuates HUA and renal injury remains largely unexploited. To this end, an acute HUA mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxazinate and oral administration with hypoxanthine for 7 consecutive days. Apigenin intervention decreased serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver xanthine oxidase (XOD), and urine protein levels, and increased serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and urine UA and CRE levels in HUA mice. Moreover, administration of apigenin to HUA mice prevented renal injury, decreased renal glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate anion transporter 1 (URAT1) levels, and increased renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). These alterations were associated with an inhibition of IL-6, phospho-janus kinase 2 (P-JAK2), phospho-signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3), and suppression of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the kidneys. Additionally, the molecular docking results showed that apigenin had strong binding capacity with UA transporters and JAK2 proteins. In summary, apigenin could improve UA metabolism and attenuate renal injury through inhibiting UA production, promoting excretion, and suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in HUA mice. The results suggest that apigenin may be a suitable drug candidate for management of HUA and its associated renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meixi Lu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Sun X, Wen J, Guan B, Li J, Luo J, Li J, Wei M, Qiu H. Folic acid and zinc improve hyperuricemia by altering the gut microbiota of rats with high-purine diet-induced hyperuricemia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907952. [PMID: 35966674 PMCID: PMC9372534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-purine diet can cause hyperuricemia and destroy the microbial composition of the gut microbiota. Both folic acid and zinc significantly reduce uric acid levels and alleviate hyperuricemia. However, whether the underlying mechanisms are associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota remain unknown. To explore alterations of the gut microbiota related to folic acid and zinc treatment in rats with hyperuricemia in our study. A hyperuricemic rat model was established with a high-purine diet. The effects of folic acid and zinc on uric acid levels were evaluated. Alterations of the gut microbiota related to hyperuricemia and the treatments were evaluated by sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq system. The results demonstrated that uric acid levels dropped observably, and the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were downregulated after folic acid or zinc intervention. 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based gut microbiota analysis revealed that folic acid and zinc enhanced the abundance of probiotic bacteria and reduced that of pathogenic bacteria, thus improving intestinal barrier function. PICRUST analysis indicated that folic acid and zinc restored gut microbiota metabolism. These findings indicate that folic acid and zinc ameliorate hyperuricemia by inhibiting uric acid biosynthesis and stimulating uric acid excretion by modulating the gut microbiota. Thus, folic acid and zinc may be new and safe therapeutic agents to improve hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Sun
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewei Sun,
| | - Jie Wen
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Baosheng Guan
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jincheng Luo
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mingyu Wei
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gout Research, Jiamusi, China
- Hongbin Qiu,
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Kajana V, Massaro G, Somaschini A, Cornara S, Demarchi A, Nardella E, Nicoletti A, Sangiorgi GM, Mandurino-Mirizzi A. Serum uric acid in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An innocent bystander or leading actor? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1583-1589. [PMID: 35597708 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and the progression of coronary artery disease. In the setting of acute myocardial infarction, increasing evidence suggests that high SUA levels could be related to adverse outcomes. Interestingly elevated SUA levels have been linked to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential negative effects of SUA in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, analyzing the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Kajana
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Massaro
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Somaschini
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Nardella
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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11
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Ehren R, Habbig S, Krupka K, Ernst A, Bald M, König S, Murer L, Özçakar ZB, Pohl M, Babenko N, Spartà G, Staude H, Dello Strologo L, Szabó AJ, Tönshoff B, Weber LT. Prevalence and potential relevance of hyperuricemia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients-a CERTAIN registry analysis. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14265. [PMID: 35263498 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is frequently observed in pediatric kidney transplant recipients; symptomatic hyperuricemia, however, is a rare complication. Only few data are available in this patient population. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with kidney transplant function and blood pressure in a multicenter cohort of pediatric kidney transplant recipients. METHODS This is a retrospective, observational multicenter registry study. All pediatric kidney transplant recipients in the CERTAIN database with at least one documented serum uric acid level and a follow-up of 5 years posttransplant were eligible. We identified 151 patients with 395 measurements of serum uric acid. We calculated the prevalence of hyperuricemia, analyzed potential risk factors and clinical consequences such as elevated blood pressure and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. RESULTS One hundred and ten of 395 (27.8%) serum uric acid levels were above 416 µmol/L (7.0 mg/dL), defined as the upper limit of normal. Univariate analysis showed a significant (p = .026) inverse association of serum uric acid with eGFR overtime. There was no significant association of serum uric acid concentrations with body mass index (z-score), blood pressure (z-score), or sex. No episodes of gout were documented. CONCLUSION This study shows that hyperuricemia is present in a considerable number of patients sometime after pediatric kidney transplantation and is associated with lower eGFR. Whether hyperuricemia contributes to faster decline of graft function or to the overall cardiovascular risk of these patients remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ehren
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Habbig
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Krupka
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Ernst
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Bald
- Olga Children's Hospital, Clinic of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Luisa Murer
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Pediatric Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Zeynep Birsin Özçakar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael Pohl
- KfH Kidney Center for Children and Adolescents, St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Babenko
- National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Organ Transplant Division, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Giuseppina Spartà
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hagen Staude
- University Children's Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Attila J Szabó
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE (Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University) Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz T Weber
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Kang S, Kwon D, Lee J, Chung YJ, Kim MR, Namkung J, Jeung IC. Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121681. [PMID: 34946407 PMCID: PMC8701215 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uric acid is one of natural antioxidants in human body. There have been several studies on the correlation between uric acid with oxidative stress and osteoporosis. However, the data are insufficient and results are controversial. In this regard, we determined the association between uric acid levels and bone mineral density (BMD) during the postmenopausal period. Methods: We analyzed data from 328 postmenopausal women (mean age, 57.3 ± 6.5 years; mean serum uric acid level, 4.6 ± 1.0 mg/dL). The participants were divided into three groups based on tertiles of the serum uric acid level. The participants receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonates, or lipid-lowering agents were included. Results: Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the upper tertiles of uric acid levels. No significant difference was found in the mean uric acid levels between medication users and non-users. Each HRT regimen had a different mean serum uric acid level. A cross-sectional analysis showed no significant correlation between the serum uric acid levels and BMD in the spine and femoral neck (spine BMD: 1.050 ± 0.131, 1.060 ± 0.160, 1.084 ± 0.140, p = 0.22; femoral neck BMD: 0.837 ± 0.110, 0.849 ± 0.096, 0.863 ± 0.115, p = 0.28 for each tertile of uric acid). Longitudinal analysis of data from 186 women with follow-up examinations at a mean interval of 14.6 months also revealed no difference in reduction in both spine and femoral neck BMD between tertile groups of serum uric acid (the median BMD reduction for spine: −0.02, 0.01, −0.04, p = 0.95; the median BMD reduction for femoral neck: 0.008, 0.005, −0.003, p = 0.34). Conclusions: Serum uric acid level is not associated with BMD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kang
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Youn-Jee Chung
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (M.-R.K.)
| | - Mee-Ran Kim
- Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (M.-R.K.)
| | - Jeong Namkung
- Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-220-9272
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13
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Almeida C, Neves MC, Freire MG. Towards the Use of Adsorption Methods for the Removal of Purines from Beer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216460. [PMID: 34770869 PMCID: PMC8587081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer corresponds to a fermented alcoholic beverage composed of several components, including purine compounds. These molecules, when ingested by humans, can be catabolized into uric acid, contributing to uric acid’s level increase in serum, which may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. To assure a proper management of this disease, physicians recommend restrictive dietary measures, particularly by avoiding the consumption of beer. Therefore, it is of relevance to develop efficient methods to remove purine compounds from alcoholic beverages such as beer. In this review, we provide an introduction on fermented alcoholic beverages, with emphasis on beer, as well as its purine compounds and their role in uric acid metabolism in the human body in relation to hyperuricemia and gout development. The several reported enzymatic, biological and adsorption methods envisaging purine compounds’ removal are then reviewed. Some enzymatic and biological methods present drawbacks, which can be overcome by adsorption methods. Within adsorption methods, adsorbent materials, such as activated carbon or charcoal, have been reported and applied to beer or wort samples, showing an excellent capacity for adsorbing and removing purine compounds. Although the main topic of this review is on the removal of purine compounds from beer, other studies involving other matrices rather than beer or wort that are rich in purines are included, since they provide relevant clues on designing efficient removal processes. By ensuring the selective removal of purine compounds from this beverage, beer can be taken by hyperuricemic and gouty patients, avoiding restrictive dietary measures, while decreasing the related healthcare economic burden.
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14
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Luo LS, Wang Y, Dai LJ, He FX, Zhang JL, Zhou Q. Triterpenoid acids from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) alleviate hyperuricemia and inflammation in hyperuricemic mice: Possible inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13932. [PMID: 34528276 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the hypouricemic effect in hyperuricemia mice of triterpenoid acids from Inonotus obliquus (TAIO), and decipher of the underlying xanthine oxidase inhibitory mechanism. Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity was assayed. Organ indexes and serum biochemical indicators were measured in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. Studies showed that TAIO had the strong inhibitory effect on XO activity, and its inhibition type was mixed and reversible. In vivo, TAIO decreased efficiently uric acid level, hepatic XO, serum blood urea nitrogen activities in hyperuricemia mice. Indicating that TAIO may ameliorate kidney damage and relieve inflammation in hyperuricemic mice, and had the inhibitory effect on XO activity. Furthermore, eight triterpenoids were identified by Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. These findings proved that triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus would have potential biological characteristics and effect on controlling hyperuricemia and gout as an active supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are a large amount of evidence indicating that hyperuricemia and gout are related to the hypertension and obesity. And gout and hyperuricemia are also possible connection with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Currently, xanthine oxidase is the target of many kinds of chemical drugs at present, but the therapeutic drugs used in clinical medicine will produce more or less side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the material basis of effective substances for reducing uric acid in Inonotus obliquus and to evaluate its effect. This study can provide a promising application of Inonotus obliquus in the fields of functional foods or medicines for gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Song Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Xia He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiu-Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan City Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Chu BBR, Pereira da Cunha JPVV, Marcon JMT, de Arruda Prado LE, Rosa FLS, Leitão JM, Thomaz AC, Kowalski SC, Azevedo VF. Does Disease Activity Influence the Levels of Uric Acid in Psoriatic Arthritis? Open Rheumatol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312902115010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Hyperuricemia is not only associated with the development of gout but also with renal and vascular dysfunction. The prevalence of this condition has already been studied in psoriasis, but there are a few studies that have been carried out in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Some studies have shown an association with metabolic syndrome, while others with the extent of cutaneous involvement, but there are no studies that have evaluated the disease activity with compound indexes.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to determine if disease activity, measured by different composite scores, influences the levels of uric acid.
Method:
This was a cross-sectional, observational study, which included 52 PsA patients. Clinical assessments included dactylitis, tender and swollen joint counts, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Leeds Enthesis Index, Minimal Disease Activity and Disease Activity for Psoriatic Arthritis. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥ 6mg/dL in females and ≥ 7mg/dL in males.
Results:
Among the 52 included patients, 55.76% were female. The mean age was 54.9 ± 11.6 years. Hyperuricemia occurred in 26.92%. Demographic data, diet, comorbidities and medication were similar between patients with and without hyperuricemia. Patients with hyperuricemia had higher waist circumference (p <0.0046). There was no difference in disease activity between groups, either in the isolated items or in the composite indexes. There was a significant difference in uric acid levels according to the classification of chronic kidney disease by estimated glomerular filtration rate (p=0.0016). Individuals using leflunomide had significantly lower levels of uric acid than those who were not using (p=0.0071).
Conclusion:
This study supports the notion that, in PsA, hyperuricemia is more related to metabolic factors than to disease activity.
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16
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The Role of ABCG2 in the Pathogenesis of Primary Hyperuricemia and Gout-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136678. [PMID: 34206432 PMCID: PMC8268734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate homeostasis in humans is a complex and highly heritable process that involves i.e., metabolic urate biosynthesis, renal urate reabsorption, as well as renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Importantly, disturbances in urate excretion are a common cause of hyperuricemia and gout. The majority of urate is eliminated by glomerular filtration in the kidney followed by an, as yet, not fully elucidated interplay of multiple transporters involved in the reabsorption or excretion of urate in the succeeding segments of the nephron. In this context, genome-wide association studies and subsequent functional analyses have identified the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 as an important urate transporter and have highlighted the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of reduced cellular urate efflux, hyperuricemia, and early-onset gout. Recent publications also suggest that ABCG2 is particularly involved in intestinal urate elimination and thus may represent an interesting new target for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in hyperuricemia and gout. In this review, we specifically address the involvement of ABCG2 in renal and extrarenal urate elimination. In addition, we will shed light on newly identified polymorphisms in ABCG2 associated with early-onset gout.
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17
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hyperuricemia and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1470380. [PMID: 33854690 PMCID: PMC8019370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1470380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA). Alterations in SUA homeostasis have been linked to a number of diseases, and hyperuricemia is the major etiologic factor of gout and has been correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Oxidative stress is usually defined as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in our body and is considered to be one of the main causes of cell damage and the development of disease. Studies have demonstrated that hyperuricemia is closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS. Therefore, XOR is considered a drug target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of uric acid transport and the development of hyperuricemia, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of hyperuricemia. We also summarize recent advances and new discoveries in XOR inhibitors.
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18
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Luis-Rodríguez D, Donate-Correa J, Martín-Núñez E, Ferri C, Tagua VG, Pérez Castro A, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Serum urate is related to subclinical inflammation in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:371-379. [PMID: 32901294 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia (AHU) is associated with inflammatory disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Uric acid (UA) lowering therapies may reduce the risk of appearance or the progression of these comorbidities. In this work, we investigated the relationship between serum UA levels and inflammation in subjects with AHU. METHODS Serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), TNF-α and IL-6, and mRNA expression of TNFa and IL6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in individuals with AHU and without comorbid conditions and in a control group with similar characteristics and normal serum UA levels. Additionally, we determined the variations in the inflammatory profile in a subgroup of subjects after 6 months of treatment with allopurinol. RESULTS Subjects at higher tertiles of serum UA presented higher levels of hsCRP and increased serum and mRNA expression levels of both cytokines (P < 0.001). UA levels constituted an independent predictor of increased levels of inflammatory parameters in multiple regression models (P < 0.001) and a risk factor for the presence of a subclinical inflammation in multivariate logistic regression (P < 0.001). Allopurinol reduced UA and serum and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the variations in serum UA and the variations in serum TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-6 (P < 0.05), and mRNA expression of these cytokines (P < 0.05). This association remained significant and independent (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In subjects with AHU, serum UA may be an inductor of subclinical inflammation. Therapeutic reduction of serum UA was associated with a modulation of the inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Víctor G Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
| | - Atteneri Pérez Castro
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
- GEENDIAB, Sociedad Española de Nefrología
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Servicio de Nefrología Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital, Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
- GEENDIAB, Sociedad Española de Nefrología
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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19
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Zhou X, Zhang B, Zhao X, Lin Y, Wang J, Wang X, Hu N, Wang S. Chlorogenic acid supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia, relieves renal inflammation, and modulates intestinal homeostasis. Food Funct 2021; 12:5637-5649. [PMID: 34018499 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is induced by abnormal purine metabolism and elevated serum uric acid (UA) concentrations, and it is often accompanied by inflammatory responses and intestinal disorders. This study aims to assess the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on HUA in mice. CGA or allopurinol was given to mice with HUA induced by hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate. CGA lowered the levels of UA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), AST, and ALT; inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity; and downregulated the mRNA expression of UA secretory proteins in HUA mice. Moreover, CGA significantly reduced serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NOD-like receptor superfamily pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and caspase-1, and it inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway in the kidney, resulting in inflammation relief in HUA mice. In addition, CGA treatment increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in HUA mice. Additional investigations showed that CGA significantly lowered the mRNA expression of ileal IL-1β and IL-6, and it increased the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin). Also, CGA increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae UGC-001, and Butyricimonas, and it reversed the purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism functions of gut microbiota. In conclusion, CGA may be a potential candidate for relieving the symptoms of HUA and regulating its associated inflammatory responses and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yongxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hu AM, Brown JN. Comparative effect of allopurinol and febuxostat on long-term renal outcomes in patients with hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3287-3294. [PMID: 32418037 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to develop hyperuricemia and gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat are the most commonly used urate-lowering therapies with established safety and efficacy in CKD patients. The objective of the systematic review is to assess the long-term renal outcomes of allopurinol compared with febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and CKD or kidney transplantation. PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to December 2019 using the key terms "allopurinol," "febuxostat," "xanthine oxidase inhibitors," "gout suppressants," "hyperuricemia," "gout," "chronic renal insufficiency," and "kidney transplantation." Studies with follow-up duration ≥ 12 months were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Three retrospective observational studies with follow-up duration ranging from 1 to 5 years were reviewed. Febuxostat patients had a significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, reduced risk for renal disease progression, and reduced serum uric acid levels compared with allopurinol patients. All studies had a serious risk of bias. Febuxostat may be more renoprotective than allopurinol in patients with both hyperuricemia and CKD based on evidence from small long-term retrospective studies with serious risk of bias. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to determine the clinical applicability of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hu
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Pharmacy Department, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Jamie N Brown
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Pharmacy Department, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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21
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Petreski T, Ekart R, Hojs R, Bevc S. Hyperuricemia, the heart, and the kidneys - to treat or not to treat? Ren Fail 2020; 42:978-986. [PMID: 32972284 PMCID: PMC7534372 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1822185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is a state in which the serum levels of uric acid are elevated. As such it has a pronounced effect on vascular and renal function with their consequences, while also showing some antioxidant effects that show to be beneficial. SUMMARY Hyperuricemia has shown to have a J-shaped relationship with mortality, is frequently associated with development and progression of heart and kidney disease, and is correlated with malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome, although several Mendelian studies have failed to show an association with morbidity and mortality. Hyperuricemia is usually associated with gout flares and tophi development but can also present as asymptomatic hyperuricemia. It is still uncertain whether asymptomatic hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or renal disease and as such its treatment is questionable. KEY MESSAGES Some possible tools for future decision making are the use of noninvasive techniques such as pulse wave analysis, urinary sediment analysis, and joint ultrasound, which could help identify individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia that could benefit from urate lowering therapy most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Robert Ekart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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22
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Borghi C, Agabiti-Rosei E, Johnson RJ, Kielstein JT, Lurbe E, Mancia G, Redon J, Stack AG, Tsioufis KP. Hyperuricaemia and gout in cardiovascular, metabolic and kidney disease. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 80:1-11. [PMID: 32739239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last century, there has been an increasing prevalence of hyperuricaemia noted in many populations. While uric acid is usually discussed in the context of gout, hyperuricaemia is also associated with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypertriglyceridaemia, obesity, atherosclerotic heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Here we review the connection between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic diseases. Contrary to the popular view that uric acid is an inert metabolite of purine metabolism, recent studies suggest serum uric acid may have a variety of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative and vasoconstrictive actions that may contribute to cardiometabolic diseases. Hyperuricaemia is a predictive factor for the development of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Treatment with uric acid-lowering therapies has also been found to improve outcomes in patients with hypertension and kidney disease, in some but not all studies. In conclusion, uric acid is emerging as a potentially treatable risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, and more clinical trials investigating the potential benefit of lowering serum uric acid are recommended in individuals with hyperuricaemia with and without deposition and concomitant hypertension, metabolic syndrome or chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Ospedale Malpighi, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia Division of Medicine, Viale Europa, 11 - 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Medical Clinic V: Nephrology, Rheumatology and Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Salzdahlumer Straße 90, 38126, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Pediatric Department, General Hospital of Valencia and CIBERObn, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'AteneoNuovo, 1, 20126 Milan and Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Josep Redon
- Hospital Clinic of Valencia, INCLIVA University of Valencia and CIBERObn, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Austin G Stack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Limerick, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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23
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Effects of Tart Cherry Powder on Serum Uric Acid in Hyperuricemia Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1454305. [PMID: 32774405 PMCID: PMC7396008 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1454305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, as a critical risk factor for various adverse clinical outcomes, shows a trend of increasing prevalence among young-aged population. Dietary adjuvant therapy by function foods, such as tart cherry, is promising. Thus, effects of tart cherry powder specialized in hyperuricemia were explored via establishing a hyperuricemia model in Sprague Dawley rats by cotreatment with oteracil potassium and adenine. The results indicated that low dose of tart cherry powder (0.17 g/kg·bw) showed effects on hyperuricemia by slightly decreasing serum uric acid and improving kidney injury, whereas high dose of tart cherry powder (0.50 g/kg·bw) could merely alleviate kidney injury. Meanwhile, adenosine deaminase activity rather than xanthine oxidase activity was affected at low dose, which reveals low dose of tarty cherry powder may be beneficial to hyperuricemia through reduction of ADA activity, and its reported potentials on antioxidation or anti-inflammation provide clues for further study.
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24
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Guan H, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Xu Y, Fu C, Xiao J, Ye Z. Efficacy of different urinary uric acid indicators in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:290. [PMID: 32698778 PMCID: PMC7374860 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting studies have shown that hyperuricemia is related to kidney diseases through multiple ways. However, the application of urinary uric acid indicators in patients with reduced renal function is not clear. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of renal function on various indicators reflecting uric acid levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Anthropometric and biochemical examinations were performed in 625 patients with CKD recruited from Dept of Nephrology of Huadong hospital affiliated to Fudan University. Multiple regression analyses were used to study correlations of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with serum uric acid (SUA) and renal handling of uric acid. For further study, smooth curve plots and threshold effect analyses were applied to clarify associations between renal function and uric acid levels. Results The nonlinear relationships were observed between eGFR and urinary uric acid indicators. The obvious inflection points were observed in smooth curve fitting of eGFR and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEur), excretion of uric acid per volume of glomerular filtration (EurGF). In subsequent analyses where levels of eGFR< 15 mL/min/1.73m2 were dichotomized (CKD5a/CKD5b), patients in the CKD5a showed higher levels of FEur and EurGF while lower levels of urinary uric acid excretion (UUA), clearance of uric acid (Cur) and glomerular filtration load of uric acid (FLur) compared with CKD5b group (all P < 0.05). And there was no significant difference of SUA levels between two groups. On the other hand, when eGFR< 109.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 89.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, the resultant curves exhibited approximately linear associations of eGFR with Cur and FLur respectively. Conclusion FEur and EurGF showed significantly compensatory increases with decreased renal function. And extra-renal uric acid excretion may play a compensatory role in patients with severe renal impairment to maintain SUA levels. Moreover, Cur and FLur may be more reliable indicators of classification for hyperuricemia in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Chensheng Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, No. 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.
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25
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Moulay Berkchi J, Rkain H, Benbrahim L, Aktaou S, Lazrak N, Faiz S, Ahid S, Abouqal R, Labzizi S, Ouzeddoun N, Oukerraj L, Hmamouchi I, Hajjaj-Hassouni N, Allali F. Management of gout by Moroccan rheumatologists: a Moroccan Society for Rheumatology National Survey. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1399-1408. [PMID: 32447422 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To assess the modalities and current practices in gout management reported by Moroccan rheumatologists. We performed a cross-sectional online survey using a questionnaire e-mailed to 360 rheumatologists included 30 multiple-choice questions. 105 rheumatologists responded to the survey with 29% of response rate. The number of gout patients seen per month was five (3-9); they were referred in 58.7% by a general practitioner. The clinical presentation of gout patients was dominated by gout crisis in 71%, and the association gout crisis and gouty arthropathy accounted for 19% of severe forms. 40% of rheumatologists apply the 2015ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Obesity accounted for 85.7% of the associated comorbidities. The most commonly prescribed Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) was allopurinol in 81.3% (± 12). 48% of rheumatologists reported starting allopurinol at 200 mg daily and associated it with colchicine during the first 6 months by 33.3%. The determination of uric acid levels was monitoring in 76.2% every 3 months. Administration of ULT to asymptomatic hyperuricemia was found in 69.5% when patients had renal complications, while only 14.3% recommended dietary and lifestyle measures. The median duration for therapeutic education was 15 min (10, 20). In 96.2%, the education of the patient was done orally. 93.3% of rheumatologists inform their patients on how to manage a gout attack, and 96.2% on the measures of hygiene and diet has adopted. Our survey gives an insight into the elements that should be improved in the management of gout by the Moroccan rheumatologists. It highlights the need to standardize the management of gout, hence the importance of developing Moroccan recommendations on gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Moulay Berkchi
- Department of Rheumatology B, El Ayachi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hanan Rkain
- Department of Rheumatology B, El Ayachi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Benbrahim
- Day Clinic, Delegation of the Ministry of Health at the Rabat Prefecture, Rabat Regional Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Souad Faiz
- Delegation of the Ministry of Health at the Prefecture of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samir Ahid
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Redouane Abouqal
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saloua Labzizi
- National Nutrition Program, Direction of Population, Ministry of Public Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Ouzeddoun
- Department of Nephrology-Hemodialysis, CHU Ibn Sina, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Oukerraj
- Department of Cardiology B, Souissi Maternity, CHU Ibn Sina, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ihsane Hmamouchi
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Fadoua Allali
- Department of Rheumatology B, El Ayachi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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HLA-B*58: 01 association in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: the implication of ethnicity and clinical phenotypes in multiethnic Malaysia. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 30:153-160. [PMID: 32433341 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*58:01 and risk of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (AIS) was observed across different populations. We explore the association between HLA-B*58:01 and AIS risk in multiethnic Malaysian population. The HLA-B*58:01 risk for different AIS clinical phenotypes and ethnicity was determined. METHODS We performed a case-control association study by genotyping the HLA-B alleles of 55 patients with AIS [11 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 21 Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) 22 drug reaction wit eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and one acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)] and 42 allopurinol-tolerant controls (ATC). RESULTS HLA-B*58:01 was positive in 89.1 and 14.3% of the AIS and ATC study groups [odds ratio (OR) = 49.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.6-164.4, P < 0.0001)], respectively. Our data showed that 93.8% of the AIS-SJS/TEN patients and 86.4% of the AIS-DRESS patients were HLA-B*58:01 positive (AIS-SJS/TEN, OR = 90, 95% CI = 16.9-470.1, P < 0.0001 and AIS-DRESS OR = 38, 95% CI = 8.5-169.2, P < 0.0001). Stratification by ethnicity and clinical phenotypes revealed a significant increased risk between HLA-B*58:01 and Chinese-AIS patients (OR = 137.5, 95% CI = 11.3-1680.2, P < 0.0001), in particular Chinese patients with AIS-SJS/TEN phenotype (100% HLA-B*58:01 positive). HLA-B*58:01 was positive in 90.9% Chinese AIS-DRESS (P < 0.0001). Highly significant associations of HLA-B*58:01 were observed in Malay AIS-SJS/TEN (OR = 78, 95% CI = 9.8-619.9, P < 0.0001) and Malay AIS-DRESS (OR = 54, 95% CI = 6.6-442.9, P < 0.0001). Although the number of Indian-AIS patients was relatively small (n = 2), both were HLA-B*58:01 positive. CONCLUSION Our data suggest strong associations between HLA-B*58:01 and AIS in Malaysian population with Chinese and Malays ethnicity. The strong association was also observed in three different clinical phenotypes of AIS, mainly the AIS-SJS/TEN.
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Liu Y, Yan L, Lu J, Wang J, Ma H. A pilot study on the epidemiology of hyperuricemia in Chinese adult population based on big data from Electronic Medical Records 2014 to 2018. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:97-105. [PMID: 32272824 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed this study based on big data from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) of outpatients and inpatients from 52 hospitals in China to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in Chinese adults. METHODS In this retrospective, descriptive study, a total of 3,363,016 subjects from 52 hospitals in 13 provinces and municipalities in China were enrolled. Eligible subjects were 18 years and older performing serum uric acid test between 2014 and 2018. Subjects were divided into the total group (including the subjects from all the clinic departments) and department-amended group (including the subjects from all the departments except endocrinology, orthopedics, and rheumatology and immunology departments). RESULTS The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the department-amended group was lower than that in the total group (23.06% and 23.42% in 2018, respectively; P<0.0001). From 2014 to 2017, the prevalence of hyperuricemia increased year by year (18.29%, 20.02%, 20.16% and 23.06%, respectively) in the department-amended group. Besides, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in men than that in women (38.00% and 11.89%, respectively; P<0.0001) and higher in southern region than in northern region (25.84% and 9.79%, respectively; P<0.0001) in department-amended group in 2018. CONCLUSIONS Projections from our study estimate that about 271 million Chinese adults aged 18 years and older may have had hyperuricemia in 2018. These findings will be useful for the future researches and healthcare decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Jingqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Hongshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China -
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Hyperuricemia might be an early manifestation of undiagnosed adult leukemia in a population-based cohort study. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020; 10:40-44. [PMID: 33854912 PMCID: PMC7608843 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective No published population-based study investigates the association between hyperuricemia and undiagnosed adult leukemia in Taiwan. The aim of the study was to investigate whether hyperuricemia might be an early manifestation of undiagnosed adult leukemia in Taiwan. Methods A population-based cohort study was conducted to analyze the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. There were 47708 subjects aged 20 to 84 years with newly diagnosed hyperuricemia as the hyperuricemia group from 2000 to 2013, and 190832 randomly selected subjects without hyperuricemia as the non-hyperuricemia group. The hyperuricemia group and the non-hyperuricemia group were followed for one year to estimate the incidence of new diagnosis of leukemia. Results The overall incidence of leukemia was 1.32-fold higher in the hyperuricemia group than the non-hyperuricemia group (0.74 versus 0.55 per 10000 person-months, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.37). The incidence rate ratio of leukemia was statistically higher in the first 3 months of hyperuricemia diagnosis (incidence rate ratio 4.05). Conclusion Adults with hyperuricemia have a higher incidence of being diagnosed with leukemia than those without hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia might be an early manifestation of undiagnosed adult leukemia. Clinicians should check the complete blood count with differential to detect the possibility of leukemia when adults present with hyperuricemia.
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29
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Cui N, Cui J, Sun J, Xu X, Aslam B, Bai L, Li D, Wu D, Ma Z, Gu H, Baloch Z. Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol Concentrations in Association with Hyperuricemia in Chinese Adults in Qingdao, China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:165-173. [PMID: 32184687 PMCID: PMC7060026 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s243381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia (HUA) in the general Chinese population. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey included 9680 participants aged 35-74 years in 2006 and 2009 in Qingdao, China. TG, TC and uric acid (UA) were measured. The logistic regression model was performed to estimate the association between TG, TC, and HUA with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meanwhile, age stratification analysis (<55 years group and ≥55 years group) was performed to evaluate whether age potentially affects the association between TG, TC and HUA using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Higher TG and TC showed significantly increased HUA prevalence in both men and women (Ptrend all <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that borderline high TG (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.15 and HTG (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 2.39, 3.72) indicated increased risk for HUA in men, and borderline high TG (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.68,2.62); HTG (OR: 3.62; 95% CI: 2.90,4.51), borderline high TC (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.68, 2.62) and HTC (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 2.90, 4.51) showed significant association with HUA in women after adjusted age, school years, marital status, geographic division, personal monthly income, BMI and HDL-C. Age stratification analyses demonstrated that the association between TG and HUA was stronger in males aged ≥55 years and female aged <55 years, and the association between TC and HUA was stronger in both gender aged <55 years. CONCLUSION This large cross-sectional study focusing on the association between single indictor of blood lipid as exposure and HUA as outcome on the east coast of China for the first time. From a sample of Chinese adults, this study demonstrated that elevated TG in men and women and TC in women were associated with increased HUA prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cui
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute for Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute for Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou730030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Lan Bai
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Decheng Li
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou730030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Gu
- Research Center for Health Policy and Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou730030, People’s Republic of China
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Gong M, Wen S, Nguyen T, Wang C, Jin J, Zhou L. Converging Relationships of Obesity and Hyperuricemia with Special Reference to Metabolic Disorders and Plausible Therapeutic Implications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:943-962. [PMID: 32280253 PMCID: PMC7125338 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hyperuricemia mutually influence metabolic syndrome. This study discusses the metabolic relationships between obesity and hyperuricemia in terms of pathophysiology, complications, and treatments. METHODS We searched for preclinical or clinical studies on the pathophysiology, complications, and therapy of obesity and hyperuricemia on the PubMed database. RESULTS In this systemic review, we summarized our searching results on topics of pathophysiology, complications and therapeutic strategy. In pathophysiology, we firstly introduce genetic variations for obesity, hyperuricemia and their relationships by genetic studies. Secondly, we talk about the epigenetic influences on obesity and hyperuricemia. Thirdly, we describe the central metabolic regulation and the role of hyperuricemia. Then, we refer to the character of adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in the obesity and hyperuricemia. In the last part of this topic, we reviewed the critical links of gut microbiota in the obesity and hyperuricemia. In the following part, we review the pathophysiology of major complications in obesity and hyperuricemia including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Finally, we recapitulate the therapeutic strategies especially the novel pharmaceutic interventions for obesity and hyperuricemia, which concurrently show the mutual metabolic influences between two diseases. CONCLUSION The data reviewed here delineate the metabolic relationships between obesity and hyperuricemia, and provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets for the management of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thiquynhnga Nguyen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoxun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ligang Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai201399, ChinaTel +8613611927616 Email
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Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Hyperuriсemia – to Treat or not to Treat? Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.5-6.2019.193365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction Among New Users of Allopurinol According to Serum Urate Level: A Nested Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122150. [PMID: 31817395 PMCID: PMC6947524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that allopurinol reduces the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in hyperuricemic patients and to assess whether the effect is dependent on dose, duration and serum uric acid (SUA) level attained after treatment. Methods: Nested case-control study over the period 2002–2015. From a cohort of patients aged 40–99 years old, we identified incident AMI cases and randomly selected five controls per case, matched for exact age, sex and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% CI were computed through unconditional logistic regression. Only new users of allopurinol were considered. Results: A total of 4697 AMI cases and 18,919 controls were included. Allopurinol use was associated with a reduced risk of AMI mainly driven by duration of treatment (AOR ≥180 days = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.84). Among long-term users (≥180 days), the reduced risk was only observed when the SUA level attained was below 7 mg/dL (AOR<6 mg/dL = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.82; AOR6–7mg/dL = 0.64; 95%CI:0.48-0.84); AOR>7mg/dL = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.75–1.46; p for trend = 0.001). A dose-effect was observed but faded out once adjusted for the SUA level attained. The reduced risk of AMI occurred in both patients with gout and patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Conclusions: The results confirm a cardioprotective effect of allopurinol which is strongly dependent on duration and SUA level attained after treatment.
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Cheng ZY, Feng YZ, Hu JJ, Lin QT, Li W, Qian L, Cai XR. Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of the kidney: The application in patients with hyperuricemia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:833-840. [PMID: 31318112 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for onset and progression of kidney disease. However, there remains a lack of a reliable and noninvasive biomarker to identify and monitor the changes of renal function in patients with hyperuricemia. PURPOSE To assess the utility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in identifying the early changes of renal function in patients with hyperuricemia. STUDY TYPE Retrospective case-control study. POPULATION Eighty-four male participants, including asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH, 27 cases), gouty arthritis (GA, 31 cases), and 26 age-matched healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T; intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). ASSESSMENT Differences in the IVIM parameters among the three groups were assessed. Pure molecular diffusion (D value); perfusion-related diffusion (D* value); pseudodiffusion fraction (f value); apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC value); estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Also, they were correlated with eGFR. STATISTICAL TESTS Bonferroni test, Tamhane's T2 method, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The D values in renal cortex and medulla significantly decreased from the control, AH to GA groups (P < 0.05). The GA patients had a significantly lower cortical f value than the controls and AH patients (P < 0.05). The medullary f values in the AH and GA patients were significantly lower than that in the controls (P < 0.05). Also, the cortical and medullary ADC values had similar results across the three groups (P < 0.05), except for the comparison between the AH and GA groups (P = 0.668, P = 0.111, respectively). No significant correlation was found between any IVIM parameters with eGFR. DATA CONCLUSION IVIM imaging may be helpful for detecting the early changes of renal function induced by hyperuricemia. The D value could be the most sensitive IVIM-derived parameter in the assessment of renal function in patients with hyperuricemia in this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:833-840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Cheng
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You-Zhen Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Jiao Hu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Ting Lin
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Imaging Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Xiang-Ran Cai
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Brackman DJ, Yee SW, Enogieru OJ, Shaffer C, Ranatunga D, Denny JC, Wei WQ, Kamatani Y, Kubo M, Roden DM, Jorgenson E, Giacomini KM. Genome-Wide Association and Functional Studies Reveal Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms for Allopurinol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:623-631. [PMID: 30924126 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allopurinol, which lowers uric acid (UA) concentration, is increasingly being recognized for its benefits in cardiovascular and renal disease. However, response to allopurinol is variable. We gathered samples from 4,446 multiethnic subjects for a genome-wide association study of allopurinol response. Consistent with previous studies, we observed that the Q141K variant in ABCG2 (rs2231142), which encodes the efflux pump breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), associated with worse response to allopurinol. However, for the first time this association reached genome-wide level significance (P = 8.06 × 10-11 ). Additionally, we identified a novel association with a variant in GREM2 (rs1934341, P = 3.22 × 10-6 ). In vitro studies identified oxypurinol, the active metabolite of allopurinol, as an inhibitor of the UA transporter GLUT9, suggesting that oxypurinol may modulate UA reabsorption. These results provide strong evidence for a role of BCRP Q141K in allopurinol response, and suggest that allopurinol may have additional hypouricemic effects beyond xanthine oxidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna J Brackman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Osatohanmwen J Enogieru
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Shaffer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dilrini Ranatunga
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
The definition of asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains unclear, as no consensus exists about the serum urate cutoff or the relevance of ultrasound findings. Comorbidities associated with hyperuricemia have increased in frequency over the past two decades. Hyperuricemia (and/or gout) may be a cause or a consequence of a comorbidity. Whereas epidemiological studies suggest that hyperuricemia may be linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal comorbidities, Mendelian randomization studies have not provided proof that these links are causal. Discrepancies between findings from observational studies and clinical trials preclude the development of recommendations about the potential benefits of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in individual patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. The risk/benefit ratio of ULT is unclear. The risk of developing gout, estimated at 50%, must be weighed against the risk of cutaneous and cardiovascular side effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The need for optimal comorbidity management, in contrast, is universally accepted. Medications for comorbidities that elevate urate levels should be discontinued and replaced with medications that have the opposite effect. Therapeutic lifestyle changes, weight loss as appropriate, and sufficient physical activity are useful for improving general health. Whether ULT has beneficial effects on comorbidities will be known only when well-powered interventional trials with relevant primary endpoints are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Chalès
- Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, 2, avenue du professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Wang RD, Su GH, Wang L, Xia Q, Liu R, Lu Q, Zhang JL. Identification and mechanism of effective components from rape (Brassica napus L.) bee pollen on serum uric acid level and xanthine oxidase activity. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatic disease: hyperuricemia, a forgotten puzzle piece? Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2869-2870. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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