Educational quality of YouTube videos on musculoskeletal ultrasound

Analysis of Commercial Instagram Content on Pediatric Neurological Physiotherapy Interventions and Products in Brazil

AIMS

To describe the content of commercial pediatric neurological physical therapy posts on Instagram and report the main interventions and products featured.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using five pediatric neurological physical therapy hashtags on Brazilian commercial Instagram profiles, on three different days. The initial 50 posts for each hashtag were extracted by two independent reviewers. Data included the source of the posts, content characteristics, target populations, interventions featured in the posts and on the Instagram profiles, as well as the products promoted in the posts.

RESULTS

A total of 449 Instagram posts from 190 profiles were analyzed. Most posts were in video format (n = 278; 61.9%), categorized as service reports (n = 203; 45.2%), and posted by autonomous physical therapists (n = 195; 43.4%). The most frequent interventions were Suit therapy (n = 60; 15.9%) and mobility training (n = 59; 15.6%). Cerebral palsy (n = 90; 20%) and Down syndrome (n = 35; 7.7%) were the most frequently represented health conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

Instagram offers various interventions and products for pediatric neurological rehabilitation. Excess information may cause indecision and adherence to ineffective treatments by families. Future research should assess the evidence behind services on social media and their impact on parents' decision-making.

Artificial intelligence solutions for temporomandibular joint disorders: Contributions and future potential of ChatGPT

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of information generated by Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) on temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD).

Methods

We asked ChatGPT about the diseases specified in the TMD classification and scored the responses using Likert reliability and usefulness scales, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scale, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS).

Results

The highest Likert scores for both reliability and usefulness were for masticatory muscle disorders (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 6.0 ± 0), and the lowest scores were for inflammatory disorders of the temporomandibular joint (mean ± SD: 4.3 ± 0.6 for reliability, 4.0 ± 0 for usefulness). The median Likert reliability score indicates that the responses are highly reliable. The median Likert usefulness score was 5 (4-6), indicating that the responses were moderately useful. A comparative analysis was performed, and no statistically significant differences were found in any subject for either reliability or usefulness (P = 0.083-1.000). The median mDISCERN score was 4 (3-5) for the two raters. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean mDISCERN scores between the two raters (P = 0.046). The GQS scores indicated a moderate to high quality (mean ± SD: 3.8 ± 0.8 for rater 1, 4.0 ± 0.5 for rater 2). No statistically significant correlation was found between mDISCERN and GQS scores (r = -0.006, P = 0.980).

Conclusions

Although ChatGPT-4 has significant potential, it can be used as an additional source of information regarding TMD for patients and clinicians.

Evaluación de la fiabilidad y legibilidad de las respuestas de los chatbots como recurso de información al paciente para las exploraciones PET-TC más communes

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and readability of responses generated by two popular AI-chatbots, 'ChatGPT-4.0' and 'Google Gemini', to potential patient questions about PET/CT scans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty potential questions for each of [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET/CT, and twenty-nine potential questions for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT were asked separately to ChatGPT-4 and Gemini in May 2024. The responses were evaluated for reliability and readability using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scale, Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL). The inter-rater reliability of mDISCERN scores provided by three raters (ChatGPT-4, Gemini, and a nuclear medicine physician) for the responses was assessed.

RESULTS

The median [min-max] mDISCERN scores reviewed by the physician for responses about FDG, PSMA and DOTA PET/CT scans were 3.5 [2-4], 3 [3-4], 3 [3-4] for ChatPT-4 and 4 [2-5], 4 [2-5], 3.5 [3-5] for Gemini, respectively. The mDISCERN scores assessed using ChatGPT-4 for answers about FDG, PSMA, and DOTA-SSTR PET/CT scans were 3.5 [3-5], 3 [3-4], 3 [2-3] for ChatGPT-4, and 4 [3-5], 4 [3-5], 4 [3-5] for Gemini, respectively. The mDISCERN scores evaluated using Gemini for responses FDG, PSMA, and DOTA-SSTR PET/CTs were 3 [2-4], 2 [2-4], 3 [2-4] for ChatGPT-4, and 3 [2-5], 3 [1-5], 3 [2-5] for Gemini, respectively. The inter-rater reliability correlation coefficient of mDISCERN scores for ChatGPT-4 responses about FDG, PSMA, and DOTA-SSTR PET/CT scans were 0.629 (95% CI = 0,32-0,812), 0.707 (95% CI = 0.458-0.853) and 0.738 (95% CI = 0.519-0.866), respectively (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient of mDISCERN scores for Gemini responses about FDG, PSMA, and DOTA-SSTR PET/CT scans were 0.824 (95% CI = 0.677-0.910), 0.881 (95% CI = 0.78-0.94) and 0.847 (95% CI = 0.719-0.922), respectively (p < 0.001). The mDISCERN scores assessed by ChatGPT-4, Gemini, and the physician showed that the chatbots' responses about all PET/CT scans had moderate to good statistical agreement according to the inter-rater reliability correlation coefficient (p < 0,001). There was a statistically significant difference in all readability scores (FKRGL, GFI, and FRE) of ChatGPT-4 and Gemini responses about PET/CT scans (p < 0,001). Gemini responses were shorter and had better readability scores than ChatGPT-4 responses.

CONCLUSION

There was an acceptable level of agreement between raters for the mDISCERN score, indicating agreement with the overall reliability of the responses. However, the information provided by AI-chatbots cannot be easily read by the public.

Ultrasound assessment of Achilles enthesitis: a dedicated training program

OBJECTIVE

To describe an intensive and multimodal ultrasound (US) training program focused on Achilles enthesitis and to illustrate the learning curve of trainees without experience.

METHODS

Three medical students (trainees) and two rheumatologists experienced in musculoskeletal US (trainers) were involved in the training program, which encompassed one preliminary theoretical-practical meeting and five scanning sessions (two patients per session). The students and one expert performed the US examination of the Achilles enthesis bilaterally. The trainees acquired representative images and assessed the presence of Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) US abnormalities of enthesitis. The experts provided feedback addressing trainees' misinterpretations, and the quality of the acquired images was evaluated. A dedicated questionnaire was used to evaluate the students' confidence. After each session, five sets of static images (total=100 images of most commonly scanned entheses) were provided and scored by the students according to OMERACT US definitions. Total agreement and prevalence and bias adjusted kappa (PABAK) were used to evaluate the concordance between the trainees and the expert sonographer.

RESULTS

The total agreement and PABAK significantly improved between the first and fifth scanning sessions (76.2% versus 92.9%, p<0.01, and 0.5 versus 0.79, p<0.01) and between the first and fifth static image sets (64.5% versus 81.9%, p<0.01, and 0.29 versus 0.74, p<0.01). Image quality did not significantly improve (p=0.34). A significant increase in trainees' confidence was registered (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The described training program rapidly improved the students' performance in the US assessment of Achilles enthesitis, appearing to be an effective starting model for the future development of pathology-oriented teaching programs for the US in rheumatology.

The usefulness and reliability of English-language YouTube videos as a source of knowledge for patients with familial Mediterranean fever

Background/Objectives

YouTube is increasingly being used as an educational tool and is a substantial source of information. This study aimed to assess the quality of the most viewed YouTube videos pertaining to familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).

Methods

A search on YouTube was conducted on January 13, 2022, using the keywords: "familial Mediterranean fever treatment," "familial Mediterranean fever colchicine," and "familial Mediterranean fever colchicine opacalcium." Two rheumatologists independently evaluated the relevance and accuracy of the videos. Redundant or irrelevant videos were excluded. The educational value of YouTube videos was assessed using the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Comparative analyses of video parameters across different cohorts were performed. To assess the reliability and quality of the videos, a modified version of the DISCERN scale and the GQS were employed.

Results

Out of the 59 videos reviewed, 43 (72.9%) were of high quality, 10 (16.9%) were of medium quality, and 6 (10.2%) were of low quality. Upon comparing parameters among groups, no significant disparities were observed in terms of daily views, daily favorites, daily dislikes, or daily comments (p > 0.05). GQS scores for usefulness and modified DISCERN scores showed significant differences among groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, both GQS and modified DISCERN scores exhibited moderately negative correlations (r =  - .450 and r =  - .474, respectively) and high statistical significance (p < 0.001 for both) with utility assessment.

Conclusion

YouTube is a valuable repository of high-quality videos for FMF patients. Healthcare providers should guide their patients to high-quality video sources to supplement their educational material.

What Bedside Skills Could the Modern Rheumatologist Possess? Part II. "Certain Technical Procedures"

ABSTRACT

Rheumatologists have never been reluctant to adopt procedures that might enhance their diagnostic or therapeutic powers. Their propensity to penetrate the joints of the patients they were treating set them apart from the general internist. Since the 1980s, when a chance to look inside the joints they were treating attracted a few rheumatologists, other things that could be done at the bedside emerged with now an array of bedside procedures that could be part of a rheumatologist's skill set. Besides gains in diagnosis and/or therapy, each constitutes a chance to restore the physical contact between physician and patient, riven by factors of the last decade, such as electronic medical records and COVID. With such contact so important to satisfaction of the patient and physician alike, acquisition of proficiency in certain technical procedures described herein offers one path to begin restoring rheumatology to the richly fulfilling practice it once was.

Assessment of quality and reliability of YouTube videos for patient and physician education on inflammatory myositis

INTRODUCTION

YouTube is the second most popular search website worldwide to access health information online. This study was undertaken to assess the reliability and quality of information about myositis on YouTube and delineate attributes of useful videos using standard metrics.

METHODS

We conducted a thorough search on YouTube using 9 search terms related to myositis. The inclusion criteria were content related to myositis, English language and acceptable audio-video quality. Duplicates and advertisements were excluded from the analysis. Videos were classified as useful, not very useful or misleading and patient narratives. Reliability was determined using the mDISCERN criteria, quality using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and JAMA system, using appropriate cut-offs (mDISCERN > 4, GQS > 4, JAMA > 3).

RESULTS

Out of a total of 900 videos, 453 were included for the analysis. Seventy-four per cent and 2% provided useful and not very useful information respectively, while 24% were patient narratives. Seventy-one per cent were intended specifically for patients while 69% were for healthcare providers and students. Noteworthily, useful and not very useful videos had similar total views though the number of likes and daily viewership were higher for useful videos (p = 0.024, p = 0.046). Nearly half (47%) of useful videos were by professional medical societies/patient support groups (PSGs) while not very useful ones were by nonmedical media (38%). Physician-predicted usefulness was discordant with score-based usefulness (κ = 0.129). However, GQS emerged as a significant (p = 0.008) predictor of video usefulness in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION

A large majority of English YouTube videos on myositis provide useful information for patients. Physicians could signpost patients to high-quality useful videos as determined by GQS and sources like professional medical societies and PSGs. Key Points •This study highlights the importance of regulating health information posted online, accessed by millions of people, to gauge the quality of information and to identify and curb misinformation. •It also identifies recommendations for the future for uploading such content on the Internet. •The implications lie in our patients being better informed about their disease as they are important stakeholders in the healthcare decision-making process.

Assessment of Reliability and Quality of Videos on Medial Epicondylitis Shared on YouTube

Introduction Video-sharing websites, especially YouTube search engine, have become popular sources for obtaining health information over the years. The reliability and quality of contents on YouTube are unpredictable and questionable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and quality of videos on medial epicondylitis shared on the YouTube platform. Methods A YouTube search with the keywords "medial epicondylitis" and "golfer's elbow" was conducted. After typing each keyword, the first 50 videos that appeared in the first three pages were evaluated. The titles and duration of the videos, the uploading sources, the time passed since the upload, number of total views, likes, dislikes and comments were recorded. All videos were analyzed and scored using the DISCERN scoring system, modified DISCERN (mod-DISCERN) scale, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Results Eighty-eight videos met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mean DISCERN score, mod-DISCERN score and GQS were 40.68±10.5, 1.81±0.76, and 2.72±0.9, respectively. Most of the videos had poor and very poor quality content according to the DISCERN instrument, the mod-DISCERN scale and GQS tool. The main upload sources were doctors (36.4%), physiotherapists (25%), patients (2.2%), and other (36.4%). The videos uploaded by doctors had higher quality scores than other uploading sources. Of the 88 videos, 10 were about diagnosis alone, 39 were on treatment alone, and 39 contained information about both of diagnosis and treatment. The mean DISCERN score, mod-DISCERN score and GQS of the videos on "both" were significantly higher than those "diagnosis alone" and "treatment alone" groups. Conclusion Nearly 80% of YouTube videos on medial epicondylitis according to the DISCERN and GQS tool, and also 97.7% of videos according to the mod-DISCERN scale had medium or poor quality. YouTube videos on medial epicondylitis could not be considered as accurate and reliable sources. Because the videos uploaded by doctors had higher quality scores, the physicians should prepare and upload more reliable and quality contents with detailed information on YouTube.

Analysis of YouTube videos as a source of information for reliability and effectiveness of cannabidiol oil in treatment of epilepsy

OBJECTIVE

Cannabidiol (CBD) oil has been used for the treatment of refractory epilepsy for a long time. In this study, we aimed to investigate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos pertaining to the use of CBD oil in the treatment of epilepsy.

METHODS

A total of 100 videos were reviewed. Evaluation of the videos were performed by two experienced neurologists at the same time, but in different settings in order to prevent bias. Videos' image type, video content, video length, upload date, daily view count, comment and like counts, qualification of uploaders, DISCERN, and GQS scores were recorded.

RESULTS

The videos were found to be uploaded by physicians (46 %), health channels (33 %), TV channels (7 %), patients (2 %), and other persons (12 %). The mean DISCERN score was found as 3.71 ± 1.17 and the mean GQS score was found as 3.21 ± 1.05 in all videos. According to the DISCERN scale, the videos uploaded by doctors were scored as 3.82 ± 1.02 and the videos uploaded by non-doctors as 3.07 ± 1.12 (p < 0.001). According to the GQS scale, the videos uploaded by doctors were scored as 3.51 ± 1.02 and the videos uploaded by non-doctors as 3.01 ± 1.17 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Thirty-two (32%) videos were poor, 43 (43%) videos were moderate, and only 25 (25%) videos were good in terms of quality and reliability. YouTube videos related to health issues need to be audited strictly before they can become publicly accessible.

The Evaluation of YouTube™ English Videos' Quality About Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objectives

The aim of the study was to clarify the reliability and quality of English videos about Coronary artery bypass grafting on YouTubeTM.

Methods

The study was performed between July 16 and July 30. A cardiovascular surgeon searched for terms including "coronary artery disease," "coronary artery treatment," "coronary artery bypass" and "coronary artery bypass surgery," in YouTubeTM. All videos were classified into two groups according to the source who uploaded the video as professional videos and non-professional videos. Video characteristics including duration of video on YouTube™, length of video, and view numbers for each video were recorded. Moreover, the numbers of "comments," "likes," and "dislikes" were noted. Furthermore, the target audience of the videos (professional health care worker and patients) was analyzed, DISCERN score and Global quality score (GQS) were calculated for each video.

Results

Totally, 812 videos were divided into two groups according to upload sources; 448 videos were categorized as professional videos and 364 videos were categorized as non-professional videos. The mean number of views was 3220.5 for professional videos and 2216.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). In addition, the mean "like" numbers and mean comment numbers were significantly higher for professional videos (p=0.001 and p=0.001). The mean DISCERN score was 2.6 for professional videos and 1.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean GSQ was significantly higher for professional videos (3.5 vs. 2.5, p=0.001).

Conclusion

YouTube™ videos which are shared by professional healthcare workers have better quality and reliability with significantly higher DISCERN score and GQS.

Evaluation of the Reliability and Quality of YouTube Video Content about Perianal Fistulas

OBJECTIVE

Perianal fistulas of the perianal soft tissues are an important cause of morbidity and a significant portion of colorectal surgery. To our knowledge, there is no study evaluating YouTube videos pertaining perianal fistulas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate YouTube video contents on this topic.

METHODS

Whether the videos contained real images, animations or presentations, video duration, number of views, comments and likes, uploading date, and daily view were recorded. Reliability of the videos was assessed using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) scale and quality of the videos using the Global Quality Score (GQS).

RESULTS

A total of 100 YouTube videos regarding perianal fistulas were included in the study. Sixty-four (64%) videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals and 36 (36%) videos by nonprofessionals. The mean video length was calculated as 6.70 ± 8.00 minutes for all videos. The mean DISCERN score of all videos was found as 3.92 ± 0.81 and the mean GQS score as 3.97 ± 0.83. According to the DISCERN score, most videos included (94%) were of good quality. There was an excellent agreement between the two surgeons in terms of the DISCERN and GQS scores.

CONCLUSION

Most of the videos included in the study were uploaded by health-care professionals. On the other hand, the majority of the videos contained surgical management of perianal fistulas as it is the definitive treatment. Healthcare related content should be audited and filtered by YouTube with new and effective policies.

Quality of online video resources concerning patient education for neck pain: A YouTube-based quality-control study

Background

More than 70 percent of the world's population is tortured with neck pain more than once in their vast life, of which 50-85% recur within 1-5 years of the initial episode. With medical resources affected by the epidemic, more and more people seek health-related knowledge via YouTube. This article aims to assess the quality and reliability of the medical information shared on YouTube regarding neck pain.

Methods

We searched on YouTube using the keyword "neck pain" to include the top 50 videos by relevance, then divided them into five and seven categories based on their content and source. Each video was quantitatively assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), DISCERN, Global Quality Score (GQS), Neck Pain-Specific Score (NPSS), and video power index (VPI). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between JAMA, GQS, DISCERN, NPSS and VPI. A multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify video features affecting JAMA, GQS, DISCERN, and NPSS.

Results

The videos had a mean JAMA score of 2.56 (SD = 0.43), DISCERN of 2.55 (SD = 0.44), GQS of 2.86 (SD = 0.72), and NPSS of 2.90 (SD = 2.23). Classification by video upload source, non-physician videos had the greatest share at 38%, and sorted by video content, exercise training comprised 40% of the videos. Significant differences between the uploading sources were observed for VPI (P = 0.012), JAMA (P < 0.001), DISCERN (P < 0.001), GQS (P = 0.001), and NPSS (P = 0.007). Spearman correlation analysis showed that JAMA, DISCERN, GQS, and NPSS significantly correlated with each other (JAMA vs. DISCERN, p < 0.001, JAMA vs. GQS, p < 0.001, JAMA vs. NPSS, p < 0.001, DISCERN vs. GQS, p < 0.001, DISCERN vs. NPSS, p < 0.001, GQS vs. NPSS, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that a higher JAMA score, DISCERN, or GQS score were closely related to a higher probability of an academic, physician, non-physician or medical upload source (P < 0.005), and a higher NPSS score was associated with a higher probability of an academic source (P = 0.001) than of an individual upload source.

Conclusions

YouTube videos pertaining to neck pain contain low quality, low reliability, and incomplete information. Patients may be put at risk for health complications due to inaccurate, and incomplete information, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Academic groups should be committed to high-quality video production and promotion to YouTube users.

Youtube videos for the most commonly applied radionuclide treatments: sufficient for patients as an information source?

OBJECTIVES

YouTube is one of the most popular online sources of information for patients. The purpose of the study is to analyze the quality of YouTube videos about the most commonly applied radionuclide treatments.

METHOD

Related radionuclide therapy videos were searched on YouTube in October 2021. The quality of the videos was assessed by using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the DISCERN Scale and the Global Quality Scale (GQS).

RESULTS

A total of 473 videos were assessed and 270 were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the GQS score, videos were categorized as high-quality (n:63, 23.33%), intermediate quality (n:118, 43.70%) and low-quality (n:89, 32.96 %) groups. The findings of our study showed that the highest number of video views and comments were in the low-quality group. In addition; the number of video likes, views and comments were the lowest in the high-quality video group. The most viewed and commented as well as most liked videos and the videos of highest video power index scores were nonphysician sourced videos. The most quality videos were the physician-sourced videos in terms of JAMA, DISCERN and GQS scores.

CONCLUSION

Although high-quality videos about radionuclide treatments on YouTube may enlighten and motivate patients positively; it should be kept in mind that improper information may also be uploaded to this platform. Under the guidance of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, it is necessary to generate an official video in English with multilingual subtitles.

Assessment of the Quality and Reliability of Intragastric Balloon Videos on YouTube

PURPOSE

There is no mechanism to control the accuracy and quality of videos on YouTube. However, it is essential to evaluate the quality of videos on YouTube to prevent patients from accessing misleading information. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and reliability of the videos available on YouTube concerning intragastric balloon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

YouTube was searched using the keywords "intragastric balloon" and "gastric balloon." A total of 158 videos were independently analyzed by two bariatric surgeons-endoscopists and were classified as reliable or non-reliable. Video demographics (view, view per day, like, dislike, comment) were analyzed according to the quality and source of the video. The video power index (VPI) was calculated for each video. The modified DISCERN and global quality scores (GQS) were used to rate the reliability and overall quality of the videos.

RESULTS

Of the included videos, 63.9% were described reliable and 36.1% as non-reliable. The median number of dislikes, comments, views, views per day, and video duration on YouTube did not significantly differ between the two reliability groups. The mean length of the videos, GQS and DISCERN scores, and the median number of likes were significantly higher in the reliable group. The highest median VPI value was determined for the videos uploaded by TV programs.

CONCLUSION

The number of reliable videos is higher than non-reliable about intragastric balloon on YouTube. However, the reliability and quality of the videos are generally low. The videos uploaded by TV programs are significantly more popular.

Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos on Surgical Treatment of Uterine Leiomyomas

Introduction

To determine the quality of English language YouTube videos on uterine leiomyomas (UL) and their surgical treatment.

Methods

The present study was performed from October 1 to October 8, 2021. A gynecologist with 10 years of experience searched for keywords on YouTube, including ‘UL surgery’, ‘laparoscopic myomectomy,’ ‘myomectomy,’ ‘surgical treatments for UL,’ and ‘operations for UL.’ Videos were categorized into three groups according to content as informative videos, personal experience videos, and news update videos. All videos characteristics, including the number of views, the length and duration of the video, number of ‘likes,’ ‘dislikes,’ and ‘comments,’ were recorded. Medical information and content index (MICI) score, DISCERN score, and Global Quality Score (GQS) were calculated for each video.

Results

In total, 54 videos were categorized as informative videos, 46 videos were classified as patient experience videos, and 37 videos were accepted as news agency videos. The mean comment numbers were 105.6 for patient experience videos, and the difference was statistically different in favor of patient experience videos (p= 0.001). The GQS and DISCERN scores were significantly higher for the informative group in comparison with the other two groups (p=0.001 and p=0.001 for both groups). Clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes were the most frequently mentioned content in informative videos (81.8% and 97.1%). The mean MICI score was 2.7.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that YouTube videos about UL and its surgical treatments have low quality and utility. However, informative videos that are mostly uploaded by professional health providers have significantly better DISCERN and GQS scores.

YouTube as a Source of Patient Information on Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Introduction Myofascial pain syndrome is a local disorder characterised by pathological myofascial constrictions and trigger points. One of the most popular sources of internet-based information for patients is YouTube, which provides a lot of videos related to myofascial pain syndrome, making it one of the top clinical conditions searched for on the site. This study aimed to examine the quality of the YouTube video content on myofascial pain syndrome.

Method This study was designed as a cross-sectional study and used the YouTube video sharing website as the main source of data. A search of the relevant videos was performed by entering the words “myofascial pain syndrome” in June 2021. Video characteristics were recorded, and the quality of the videos was assessed according to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the DISCERN Scale and the Global Quality Scale.

Results A total of 322 videos were evaluated, 186 of which were subjected to analysis after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The videos were categorised into groups, with 10 (5.4%) falling into the high-quality group, 16 (8.6%) into the intermediate quality group, and 160 (86%) into the low-quality group. The findings from the study showed that the most popular videos, the highest number of video likes and the highest number of video views were in the intermediate group, while the high-quality group had the lowest popularity level, number of video likes and number of video views (p ˂ 0.05).

Conclusions Although there are videos with high-quality content on YouTube offering guidance to patients about the disease, it is important to keep in mind that inaccurate and deficient information about the disease may also be present on this platform.

YouTube videos as a source of information concerning Behçet's disease: a reliability and quality analysis

In this study, we aimed to investigate the reliability and quality of YouTube videos concerning Behçet disease, for the first time in the literature. The most viewed 50 YouTube videos about Behçet disease were included. Study data used in the analysis included video length, image type, video content, uploaders, time since the date of upload, the number of total views, daily views, and the numbers of like, dislike and comments. The Video Power Index was used to determine popularity of the videos. Reliability and quality of the videos were evaluated using DISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) instruments. The examined YouTube videos were divided into two groups as uploaded by professionals (physicians, health and hospital channels, institutions and societies) and non-professionals (patients, social organizations, others). Twenty-three (46%) videos were uploaded by professionals. The mean DISCERN score was found as 3.98 ± 0.77 in the videos uploaded by healthcare professionals and 2.83 ± 0.64 in those uploaded by non-professionals (p < 0.01). The mean GQS score was found as 4.09 ± 0.72 in the videos uploaded by healthcare professionals and 3.41 ± 0.69 in those uploaded by non-professionals (p < 0.01). 46% of the videos were of low-to-moderate reliability and 56% of low-to-moderate quality. Nearly half of the YouTube videos concerning Behçet disease were uploaded by non-physician sources with poor reliability and quality. Physicians should be encouraged to upload more professional videos to help and guide patients appropriately. YouTube videos should be subjected to an objective evaluation for content quality before they can be published.

YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatic diseases

As the most well-known and popular video-sharing platform around the world, YouTube is an influential tool for the dissemination of health-related information. In addition, considering the increase in obtaining information from internet-based sources in pandemic conditions, YouTube has become more important in the presentation of information related to COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate videos related to COVID-19 vaccination in rheumatic diseases (RD) on YouTube. In this descriptive study, 334 video URLs listed with six search terms were recorded (26 July 2021). Three quality groups (high, intermediate, and low) were created based on the Global Quality Scores (GQS). Video sources were identified and various video parameters were compared between the quality groups. Following the implementation of the exclusion criteria, 56 videos remained for further analysis; of which 37 (66.07%) were evaluated as high quality, 12 (21.42%) as intermediate quality, and 7 (12.51%) as low quality. No significant difference was determined between the quality groups in per day values of views, likes, dislikes, and comments. The sources of high-quality videos were pharmaceutical company (n = 1; 100%), pharmacist (n = 1; 100%), society-organization (n = 17; 85%), and academic (n = 3; 75%). Although two-thirds of the videos were high quality, it should be kept in mind that intermediate and low-quality videos are also available. Users should not assume the quality of the videos based on the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments, but should focus more on video sources.