Contralateral advanced radiographic knee osteoarthritis predicts radiographic progression and future arthroplasty in ipsilateral knee with early-stage osteoarthritis

Efficacy of preoperative pain neuroscience education in physical therapy on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing arthroplasty: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative pain neuroscience education (PNE) on pain intensity, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and disability in individuals undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty.

METHODS

A search was conducted on MEDLINE, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception to March 2023. Two investigators independently assessed the risk of bias with Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) of the studies, as well as the certainty of the evidence with Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) for pain intensity, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia and disability at one month, three months and six months of follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 1716 papers were found and two studies on knee arthroplasty were included (n = 147). The intergroup effect sizes for pain intensity were 0.29, 0.07, and 0.25 at one-, three-, and six-months post-surgery, whereas the effect sizes for disability were 0.4, 0.46, and 0.21 (GRADE analysis, moderate certainty, respectively). Catastrophizing showed intergroup effect sizes of 0.78, 1.08, and 0.25, and kinesiophobia of 1.56, 0.92, and 0.33 at follow-up (GRADE analysis, low-moderate certainty).

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative PNE in individuals undergoing knee arthroplasty has low to moderate certainty for improving pain intensity, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and disability with low to high effect sizes and discrepancy between studies. More research on the effect of a preoperative PNE intervention in people undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty is required.

Young human plasma-derived extracellular vesicles rescue and reactivate IL-1β and TNF-α treated chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the exact causes and mechanisms behind OA are still not fully understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments to slow down or halt disease progression. Recent research has discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in the circulation of young mice have a remarkable ability to activate musculoskeletal stem cells in elderly mice. Conversely, EVs derived from elderly mice do not exhibit the same potential, indicating that EVs obtained from young individuals may hold promise to activate aging cells in degenerative tissue. However, it remains unknown whether EVs derived from young individuals can also address cartilage degeneration caused by aging. In this study, we first evaluated EVs derived from young human plasma (YEVs) and EVs derived from old human plasma (OEVs) in an in vitro experiment using chondrocytes. The results revealed that YEVs effectively stimulated chondrocyte proliferation and migration, while OEVs from old plasma did not exhibit a similar effect. Given that OA represents a more complex inflammatory microenvironment, we further determine whether the benefits of YEVs on chondrocytes can be maintained in this context. Our findings indicate that YEVs have the ability to positively regulate chondrocyte function and protect them against apoptosis induced by IL-1β and TNF-α in an in vitro OA model. Furthermore, we discovered that lyophilized EVs could be stored under mild conditions without any alterations in their physical characteristics. Considering the exceptional therapeutic effects and the wide availability of EVs from young plasma, they hold significant promise as a potential approach to activate chondrocytes and promote cartilage regeneration in early-stage OA.

Contralateral knee osteoarthritis is a risk factor for ipsilateral knee osteoarthritis progressing: a case control study

BACKGROUND

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly disabling disease, and studying its progression is crucial. However, it is still unclear whether the progression of ipsilateral knee osteoarthritis is influenced by contralateral knee osteoarthritis.

METHODS

Data were collected from the OAI database and divided into two study cohorts (right/left KOA cohort). Each cohort had a target knee (right/left knee) and was further divided into two groups (exposure/control group). The demographic data of both cohorts were balanced at baseline by propensity score matching (PSM), and the data included rating scale and radiographic and clinical data. After checking for balance in the matched variables, we then compared the differences between the two groups in each cohort. Our primary focus was on the minimum joint space width (mJSW) of the target knee, which was measured four years after baseline. The secondary outcome was the arthroplasty rate of the target knee within nine years.

RESULTS

In this study, a total of 678 participants were enrolled and matched. After 1:1 PSM of the baseline demographic data, 98 participants in the right KOA cohort (RKOAC) were successfully matched, and 117 participants in the left KOA cohort (LKOAC) were successfully matched. Furthermore, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the matched variables in both cohorts was less than 0.25. After analyzing the outcome metrics, we found that the target knee had a significantly lower mJSW in the fourth year after baseline and a significantly greater arthroplasty rate within nine years in the exposed group than in the control group. RKOAC: mJSW (exposure: 2.6(1.1 ~ 3.6) vs. control: 3.3(2.0 ~ 4.2), P < 0.05), arthroplasty rate (exposure: 14(14.3%) vs. control: 4(4.1%), P < 0.05); LKOAC: mJSW (exposure: 3.1(2 ~ 3.9) vs. control: 3.4(2.6 ~ 4.2), P < 0.05), arthroplasty rate (exposure: 16(13.7%) vs. control: 7(6%), P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with knee osteoarthritis experienced greater progression of osteoarthritis when the contralateral knee was also affected.

Continued stepped care model improves early-stage self-report quality of life and knee function after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND

The Stepped Care Model (SCM) is an evidence-based treatment approach that tailors treatment intensity based on patients' health status, aiming to achieve the most positive treatment outcomes with the least intensive and cost-effective interventions. Currently, the effectiveness of the Stepped Care Model in postoperative rehabilitation for TKA (Total Knee Arthroplasty) patients has not been reported.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to investigate whether the stepped care model could improve early-stage self-report quality of life and knee function after total knee arthroplasty via a prospective randomized controlled design.

METHODS

It was a mono-center, parallel-group, open-label, prospective randomized controlled study. Patients who aging from 60-75 years old as well as underwent unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty due to end-stage knee osteoarthritis between 2020.06 to 2022.02 were enrolled. Participants were randomized and arranged into two groups in a 1:1 allocation. The control group was given traditional rehabilitation guidance, while the stepped care model group was given continued stepped care. Hospital for special surgery knee score, daily living ability (ADL), knee flexion range, and adverse events at 1, 3, and 6 months after total knee arthroplasty were recorded.

RESULTS

88 patients proceeded to the final analysis. There was no significant difference of age, gender, length of stay, BMI, and educational level between the two groups at the baseline. After specific stepped care model interventions, patients showed significant improvements in HHS in 1 month (85.00 (82.25, 86.00) vs. 80.00 (75.00, 83.00), p< 0.001), 3 months (88.00 (86.00, 92.00) vs. 83.00 (76.75, 85.00), p< 0.001), and 6 months (93.00 (90.25, 98.00) vs. 88.00 (84.25, 91.75), p< 0.001) when compared with the control group. Similar results were also found in both daily living ability and knee flexion angle measurements. No adverse event was observed during the follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The present study found that the stepped care model intervention significantly improved early-stage knee function and self-reported life quality after total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis. Female patients and those less than 70 years old benefit more from the stepped care model intervention after total knee arthroplasty.

Clinical results of autologous protein solution injection for knee osteoarthritis with severe disease grade is inferior to mild or moderate grade

Autologous protein solution (APS) is made from platelet-rich plasma that extracts high-concentration growth factors and cytokines. Intra-articular APS injection was reported to improve knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain and function. However, efficacy differences regarding osteoarthritis severity remained unknown. This retrospective study clinically assessed 220 knees with KOA in the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades 2-4 that underwent APS injection using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). A telephone survey was performed for patients who dropped out to check symptom changes. The recalculated estimated responder rate included the telephone survey results. The 12-month follow-up was completed with 148 knees (67%), whereas 72 knees dropped out. The follow-up rate was significantly lower in KL4 than KL2 and 3. The KOOS significantly improved in 148 knees, whereas the KOOS was lower in KL4 than in KL2. The responder rate was 55% total, 58% in KL2, 57% in KL3, and 47% in KL4; however, the estimated responder rate, including the telephone survey, was 49% total, 55% in KL2, 54% in KL3, and 36% in KL4. This study showed improved clinical symptoms 1-year after APS injections for KOA, with a lower responder rate in KL4 than in KL2 or KL3.