Physicochemical properties of thermal alkaline treated pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) flour

Physicochemical, structural, digestive properties, and interaction mechanism of Tartary buckwheat starch-Rutin-calcium hydroxide complex

Tartary buckwheat is rich in starch and rutin, with Ca(OH)2 often used to improve the quality of buckwheat-extruded noodles. This study investigated the properties of a system combining tartary buckwheat starch (TBS), fixed Ca(OH)2 (0.6 %), and varying rutin addition (R, 2-10 %) to understand their interactions. Rutin addition in the presence of Ca(OH)2 significantly affected the structural and physicochemical properties of TBS in a dose-dependent manner. Microscopy showed that rutin particles precipitated on the gel walls of the TBS-R-Ca complexes at high rutin doses, more noticeably without Ca(OH)2. Rutin decreased gelatinization viscosity, whereas Ca(OH)2 alleviated this reduction in viscosity and gel structure. Ca(OH)2 and 2 % rutin significantly reduced the gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpies, relative crystallinity, short-range order degree, and TBS digestion rate. 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed interaction sites between rutin and TBS. Molecular dynamics results indicated that rutin and TBS can form effective hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, with Ca(OH)2 helping to maintain system stability.

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Physicochemical and In Vitro Digestibility Properties of Tartary Buckwheat Starch-Rutin Complex Prepared by Pre-Gelatinization and Co-Gelatinization Methods

This study examined the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂, 0.6%, w/w) on structural, physicochemical and in vitro digestibility properties of the complexed system of Tartary buckwheat starch (TBS) and rutin (10%, w/w). The pre-gelatinization and co-gelatinization methods were also compared. SEM results showed that the presence of Ca(OH)₂ promoted the connection and further strengthened the pore wall of the three-dimensional network structure of the gelatinized and retrograded TBS-rutin complex, indicating the complex possessed a more stable structure with the presence of Ca(OH)₂, which were also confirmed by the results of textural analysis and TGA. Additionally, Ca(OH)₂ reduced relative crystallinity (RC), degree of order (DO) and enthalpy, inhibiting their increase during storage, thereby retarding the regeneration of the TBS-rutin complex. A higher storage modulus (G') value was observed in the complexes when Ca(OH)₂ was added. Results of in vitro digestion revealed that Ca(OH)₂ retarded the hydrolysis of the complex, resulting in an increase in values in slow-digestible starch and resistant starch (RS). Compared with pre-gelatinization, the complex process prepared with the co-gelatinization method presented lower RC, DO, enthalpy, and higher RS. The present work indicates the potential beneficial effect of Ca(OH)₂ during the preparation of starch-polyphenol complex and would be helpful to reveal the mechanism of Ca(OH)₂ on improving the quality of rutin riched Tartary buckwheat products.