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Zhang H, Sun RR, Liu YF, Guo X, Li CL, Nan ZD, Jiang ZB. Research Progress on Sesquiterpenes from the Genus Ainsliaea. Molecules 2024; 29:5483. [PMID: 39598872 PMCID: PMC11597153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29225483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes constitute the principal components of the genus Ainsliaea, encompassing guaiane, germacrane, eudesmane, and polymer sesquiterpene lactones types. These secondary metabolites exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Through a comprehensive literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, and CNKI databases, it was discovered that there are as many as 145 main sesquiterpenoids in the genus Ainsliaea. However, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for the sesquiterpenes in this genus have not been systematically compiled and summarized. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the chemical structures, NMR data, and pharmacological activities of sesquiterpenes in Ainsliaea. By meticulously analyzing published scholarly literature, our goal is to provide a solid foundation for further exploration of new sesquiterpenes and extensive utilization of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Ru-Ru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Ya-Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chong-Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ze-Dong Nan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.Z.); (R.-R.S.); (Y.-F.L.); (X.G.); (C.-L.L.)
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Kamel EM, Aba Alkhayl FF, Alqhtani HA, Bin-Jumah M, Rudayni HA, Lamsabhi AM. Bridging in silico and in vitro perspectives to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of β-glucuronidase by coumarins from Hibiscus trionum. Biophys Chem 2024; 313:107304. [PMID: 39079275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the intricacies of β-glucuronidase inhibition is pivotal for developing effective strategies in applications specific to gastrointestinal health and drug metabolism. Our study investigated the efficacy of some Hibiscus trionum phytochemicals as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. The results showed that cleomiscosin A and mansonone H emerged as the most potent inhibitors, with IC50 values of 3.97 ± 0.35 μM and 10.32 ± 1.85 μM, respectively. Mechanistic analysis of β-glucuronidase inhibition indicated that cleomiscosin A and the reference drug EGCG displayed a mixed inhibition mode against β-glucuronidase, while mansonone H exhibited noncompetitive inhibition against β-glucuronidase. Docking studies revealed that cleomiscosin A and mansonone H exhibited the lowest binding affinities, occupying the same site as EGCG, and engaged significant key residues in their binding mechanisms. Using a 30 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we explored the interaction dynamics of isolated compounds with β-glucuronidase. Analysis of various MD parameters showed that cleomiscosin A and mansonone H exhibited consistent trajectories and significant energy stabilization with β-glucuronidase. These computational insights complemented experimental findings, underscoring the potential of cleomiscosin A and mansonone H as β-glucuronidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kuerban G, Turak A, Begmatov NB, Zhao J, Aisa HA. Chemical Composition of Artemisia Scoparia and Their Bioactivities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400414. [PMID: 38500337 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Three undescribed sesquiterpenes (1-3), two enantiomeric pairs of monoterpenes (4a/4b-5a/5b), one alkyne (6), two known alkynes (7-8) and eight known coumarins (9-16) were isolated from the aerial parts extracts of Artemisia scoparia. The structures of these compounds were fully elucidated by their 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS spectral data analyses, and comparison with literature. The absolute configurations of compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography (1), a comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data (2-6). 15 showed moderate inhibitory activity with the NO release in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. 9-16 showed varying degrees of promoting melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guziliayi Kuerban
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ablajan Turak
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
| | - Nurmirza Boymirzayevich Begmatov
- S.Yu.Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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Kuerban G, Turak A, Zhao J, Aisa HA. Diprenylated phenolic enantiomers from Artemisia scoparia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 219:113991. [PMID: 38242272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Investigation on the chemical constituents of Artemisia scoparia resulted in the isolation of sixteen compounds, including undescribed six pairs of diprenylated phenolic enantiomers (±)-scopacoumaricin A-F, and two pairs of cis-trans isomers cis/trans-scopacoumaricin G and cis/trans-artepillin A. Trans-artepillin A was obtained from this plant for the first time. The structures of the isolates were proposed by analysis of their 1D, 2D-NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Evaluations of the anti-inflammatory activity revealed that (-)-scopacoumaricin D, (+)-scopacoumaricin F and cis-scopacoumaricin G showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guziliayi Kuerban
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ablajan Turak
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang YH, Shao ZT, Bi GM, Sun YW, Wang YM, Meng DL. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & vaniot. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1401-1405. [PMID: 34847785 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi is a widely distributed and inexpensive plant resource, and study on its chemical compositions and biological activities will provide an important basis for its food applications and pharmaceutical developments. In this study, fourteen known guaiane-type sesquiterpenes (1-14), four known eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes (15-18), two known germacranolide-type sesquiterpenes (19, 20), and eight other types of terpenoids (20-28) were isolated from the leaves of A. argyi by polyamide and ODS CC and HPLC. The structures of all compounds are determined by 1 D NMR (1H-NMR、13C-NMR) and literature comparison. Among them, compounds 1 and 8 were isolated from Chinese folk medicine A. argyi for the first time. Besides, the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model has been evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by the Griess reagent. The results indicated that the guaianolide sesquiterpenoids obtained from A. argyi have an excellent ability to inhibit NO production, especially Argyin A, a guaianolide sesquiterpenoid with isovaleryloxy substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Tao Shao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wei Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Da-Li Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Brás T, Neves LA, Crespo JG, Duarte MF. Advances in sesquiterpene lactones extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liang JJ, Lv TM, Xu ZY, Huang XX, Song SJ. Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng: Phytochemical review and Chemotaxonomic values. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahn JH, Song EJ, Jung DH, Kim YJ, Seo IS, Park SC, Jung YS, Cho ES, Mo SH, Hong JJ, Cho JY, Park JH. The sesquiterpene lactone estafiatin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and protects mice from sepsis induced by LPS and cecal ligation puncture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153934. [PMID: 35172258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that the water extract of Artermisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit suppressed the cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and alleviated carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice. Artemisia contains various sesquiterpene lactones and most of them exert immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of estafiatin (EST), a sesquiterpene lactone derived from A. scoparia, on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and mouse sepsis model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, were pretreated with different doses of EST for 2 h, followed by LPS treatment. The gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also evaluated at the level of phosphorylation. The effect of EST on inflammatory cytokine production, lung histopathology, and survival rate was assessed in an LPS-induced mice model of septic shock. The effect of EST on the production of cytokines in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments and protective effect of EST on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice was also assessed. RESULTS The LPS-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS was suppressed at the mRNA and protein levels in BMDMs and THP-1 cells, respectively, by pretreatment with EST. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EST on IL-6 and TNF-α production were determined as 3.2 μM and 3.1 μM in BMDMs, 3 μM and 3.4 μM in THP1 cells, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with EST significantly reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation p65, p38, JNK, and ERK in both cell types. In the LPS-induced mice model of septic shock, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were lower in EST-treated mice than in the control animals. Histopathology analysis revealed that EST treatment ameliorated LPS-induced lung damage. Moreover, while 1 of 7 control mice given lethal dose of LPS survived, 3 of 7 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 5 of 7 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice were survived. Pretreatment of EST dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL1 in peritoneal macrophages. In CLP-induced mice sepsis model, while all 6 control mice was dead at 48 h, 1 of 6 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 3 of 6 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice survived for 96 h. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that EST exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophages and protects mice from sepsis. Our study suggests that EST could be developed as a new therapeutic agent for sepsis and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Jun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Su Seo
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Chan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Seok Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Mo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang JJ, Xu YJ, Li R, Zhang Y, Yue CF, Bi DW, Cheng B, Wu XW, Zhang RH, Zhang XJ, Li XL, Xiao WL. Ainslides A-F, Six Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Ainsliaea pertyoides and Their NLRP3-Inflammasome Inhibitory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200135. [PMID: 35343072 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Six new sesquiterpenoids, named as ainslides A-F (1-6), including one carotene-type sesquiterpene (1), one eudesmane (2), four guaianolides (3-6), together with eight known sesquiterpenoids (7-14), were purified from the whole plants of Ainsliaea pertyoides. The structures of these sesquiterpenoids were characterized based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR spectra, together with ECD calculations and X-ray diffraction experiments. The anti-inflammatory activity of all the isolated compounds was screened and compounds 3 and 7-13 exhibited NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.80-4.33 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Wen Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
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Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana and Two of Its Bioactive Components, Estafiatin and Eupatilin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123654. [PMID: 34203927 PMCID: PMC8232798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has been traditionally used for the treatment of digestive ailments such as gastritis, whose main etiological agent is Helicobacter pylori. In a previous screening study, the aqueous extract exhibited a good in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. With the aim of determining the efficacy of this species as a treatment for H. pylori related diseases and finding bioactive compounds, its aqueous extract was subjected to solvent partitioning and the fractions obtained were tested for their in vitro anti-H. pylori effect, as well as for their in vivo gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. The aqueous extract showed a MIC = 250 µg/mL. No acute toxicity was induced in mice. A gastroprotection of 69.8 ± 3.8%, as well as anti-inflammatory effects of 47.6 ± 12.4% and 38.8 ± 10.2% (by oral and topical administration, respectively), were attained. Estafiatin and eupatilin were isolated and exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with MBCs of 15.6 and 31.2 µg/mL, respectively. The finding that A. ludoviciana aqueous extract has significant anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities is a relevant contribution to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this species. This work is the first report about the in vivo gastroprotective activity of A. ludoviciana and the anti-H. pylori activity of eupatilin and estafiatin.
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Ding J, Wang L, He C, Zhao J, Si L, Huang H. Artemisia scoparia: Traditional uses, active constituents and pharmacological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113960. [PMID: 33636317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit (A. scoparia), is an important medicinal plant mainly distributed in China, Korea, Japan, Pakistan, India, Central Europe, Saudi Arabia and Iran. It has been used for a long history to treat fever, inflammation, jaundice, and infection, but systematic reviews about the medicinal uses of A. scoparia are still lacking. AIM OF THE STUDY This review is to provide up-to-date information on A. scoparia, including its botanical characteristics, medicinal resources, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects, in exploring therapeutic and scientific potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information related to this article was systematically collected from the scientific literature databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, local books, PhD and MS dissertations, and other web sources. RESULTS Herein a total of 102 compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarins, chromones, steroids, volatile oil and phenolic acid isolated from A. scoparia are summarized. Among these compounds, the effects of flavonoids, coumarins and phenolic acids were extensively studied. We have comprehensively summarized modern pharmacological studies on A. scoparia and demonstrated A. scoparia and its active components have a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, liver protection, antiatherogenic, antiviral as well as neuroprotective functions. CONCLUSIONS As an important Chinese medicinal plant, modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that A. scoparia has diverse bioactivities, especially on liver protection and anti-inflammatory activities. These prominent bioactivities highlight prospects on new drug development. Nevertheless, the comprehensive evaluation, long-term in vivo toxicity, and clinical efficacy of A. scoparia require further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Ding
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Si
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, Xinjiang Province, China.
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Cho JY, Park KH, Hwang DY, Lee SY, Moon JH, Ju Lee Y, Park KD, Ham KS. Three new decenynol glucosides from Artemisia scoparia (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:795-802. [PMID: 31359770 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1646729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new decenynol glucosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia. Their structures were determined to be 6E,8Z-decadien-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 6E,8E-decadien-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6E-decen-4-yn-ol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside based on extensive spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analysis. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Do-Young Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Mojarrab M, Kazemi-Afrakoti S, Farzaei MH. Isofraxidin: Synthesis, Biosynthesis, Isolation, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E2040. [PMID: 32349420 PMCID: PMC7248759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isofraxidin (7-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy coumarin) (IF) is a hydroxy coumarin with several biological and pharmacological activities. The plant kingdom is of the most prominent sources of IF, which, among them, Eleutherococcus and Fraxinus are the well-known genera in which IF could be isolated/extracted from their species. Considering the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind some diseases (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart diseases), introducing IF as a potent multi-target agent, which possesses several herbal sources and the multiple methods for isolation/purification/synthesis, along with the unique pharmacokinetic profile and low levels of side effects, could be of great importance. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was done without time limitations until February 2020. IF extraction methods include microwave, mechanochemical, and ultrasound, along with other conventional methods in the presence of semi-polar solvents such as ethyl acetate (EtOAc). In addition to the isolation methods, related synthesis protocols of IF is also of great importance. From the synthesis point of view, benzaldehyde derivatives are widely used as precursors for IF synthesis. Along with the methods of isolation and biosynthesis, IF pharmacokinetic studies showed hopeful in vivo results of its rapid absorption after oral uses, leading to different pharmacological effects. In this regard, IF targets varieties of inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). thereby indicating anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This is the first review on the synthesis, biosynthesis, isolation, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of IF in combating different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran; (M.B.M.); (S.K.-A.)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Mahdi Mojarrab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Kazemi-Afrakoti
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran; (M.B.M.); (S.K.-A.)
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
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Stojanović GS, Ickovski JD, Đorđević AS, Petrović GM, Stepić KD, Palić IR, Stamenković JG. The First Report on Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. Extracts. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20915034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatiles of diethyl ether extract (DE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and hexane extract (HE) of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both DE and EE, the main compound was scoparone (24.0% and 86.1%, respectively) while in the HE, alkanes were dominant with nonacosane as the most represented (19.4%). Antimicrobial activity was tested against 4 bacterial strains and 1 fungal strain using disc-diffusion method. Tested samples were inactive against Gram-negative bacteria and they exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast Candida albicans. This is the first report on the chemical composition of volatile components and antimicrobial activity of DE, EE, and HE of A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana S. Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Jovana D. Ickovski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Goran M. Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Katarina D. Stepić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivan R. Palić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena G. Stamenković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Serbia
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de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Gasparotto Junior A. Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:670-684. [PMID: 30931846 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. RESULTS Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. CONCLUSION While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa M da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901 Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratorio de Eletrofisiologia e Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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A review on nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) and rotating-frame overhauser effect (ROE) NMR techniques in food science: Basic principles and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Promyo K, Cho JY, Park KH, Jaiswal L, Park SY, Ham KS. Artemisia scoparia attenuates amyloid β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:775-782. [PMID: 30263603 PMCID: PMC6049576 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The preventive effects of Artemisia scoparia extract (AS) and AS + garlic extract (ASG) on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were supplemented with diets containing 2% (w/w) of AS or ASG for 6 weeks. The AS group showed lower levels of amyloid β and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 expressions and higher expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 than did the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the AS showed remarkably reduced levels of phosphorylated tau proteins and suppressed expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β at tyrosine 216 (active form) (p < 0.05). The ASG group also suppressed amyloid β accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, there was no synergistic effect of garlic with AS in lowering the risk of AD. These results indicate that AS could be a potential candidate to ameliorate the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Promyo
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Lily Jaiswal
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ham
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554 Republic of Korea
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