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Chintala V. Stability indicating reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for pyridostigmine bromide and sodium benzoate in oral solution. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5800. [PMID: 38081595 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the development of a simple, rapid, specific, and stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of pyridostigmine bromide (PGB) and sodium benzoate (SBN) in oral liquid dosage forms. Analytical techniques should enhance sensitivity and specificity for the estimation of pharmaceutical drug products. Stress studies were conducted under various International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) conditions for evaluation. The further optimized HPLC method was validated in accordance with the current ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using a mobile phase consisting of a 950:50 v/v ratio of perchloric acid buffer and acetonitrile as mobile phase-A, and 100% acetonitrile as mobile phase-B. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min, and the injection volume is 20 μL. Detection of components was carried out at 220 nm for PGB and 228 nm for SBN. The validated HPLC method demonstrated high specificity, with linearity ranging between 24 and 72 μg/mL for PGB and 5.2-15.6 μg/mL for SBN. The correlation coefficient for both drugs exceeded 0.999. The method demonstrated high accuracy, exceeding 97%. In stress studies, PGB was found to be sensitive to alkaline stress conditions. The results reveal the successful applicability of the current method for the estimation of PGB and SBN in its marketed formulation, which can be reasonably inferred to assess other formulation systems.
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Xu J, Hao F, Wang C, Zhao Z, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang Y. Sodium dehydroacetate-induced disorder of coagulation function in broiler chickens and the protective effect afforded by vitamin K. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102482. [PMID: 36706663 PMCID: PMC10014351 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium dehydroacetate (S-DHA) is used widely as a preservative in several products, including poultry feed. The anticoagulation effect of 200 mg/kg S-DHA in rats has been reported to accompany a reduction in hepatic expression of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1). Poultry and mammals have different physiology and coagulation systems, and species differences in VKORC1 expression have been found. The effect of S-DHA on blood clotting of poultry has not been studies deeply. S-DHA was given to yellow-plumage broilers (YBs) as single and multiple administrations. Vitamin K3 (VK3) was injected into YBs 2 wk after S-DHA administration. Then, the prothrombin time (PT), partial activated prothrombin time (APTT), plasma levels of vitamin K (VK), factor IX (FIX), and S-DHA, and hepatic expression of VKORC1 were obtained. Chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells were also exposed to S-DHA, and the cell activity, VK level, and FIX level were measured. S-DHA prolonged the PT or APTT significantly, decreased levels of VK and FIX in blood, and inhibited hepatic expression of VKORC1. The maximum changes were 1.15-fold in the PT, 1.42-fold in the APTT, 0.8-fold in the VK level, 0.7-fold in the FIX level, and 0.35-fold in VKORC1 expression compared with controls. The cell activity, VK level, FIX level, and VKORC1/VKORC1L1 expression of LMH cells were reduced significantly at S-DHA doses of 2.0 to 10.0 mM. Prolongation of the PT/APTT and lower levels of VK/FIX in YBs or the lower cell activity and VK/FIX levels in LMH cells induced by S-DHA therapy were resisted significantly by VK3 treatment. We demonstrated that S-DHA could induce a disorder in coagulation function in YBs or in LMH cells via reduction of VKORC1/VKORC1L1 expression, and that VK could resist this anticoagulation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Guizhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fuxing Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Cunkai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhao J, Hou L, Zhao L, Liu L, Qi J, Wang L. An environment-friendly approach using deep eutectic solvent combined with liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets for simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7185-7192. [PMID: 36875877 PMCID: PMC9982713 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in environmental protection awareness, the development of strategies to reduce the use of organic solvent used during the extraction process has attracted wide attention. A simple and green ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five preservatives (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, isobutyl paraben) in beverages. Extraction conditions including the volume of DES, value of pH, and concentration of salt were statistically optimized through response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) was successfully used to estimate the greenness of the developed method and compare with the previous methods. As a result, the established method was linear, precise, and accurate over the range of 0.5-20 μg mL-1. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.15-0.20 μg mL-1 and 0.40-0.45 μg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries of all five preservatives ranged from 85.96% to 110.25%, with relative standard deviation less than 6.88% (intra-day) and 4.93% (inter-day). The greenness of the present method is significantly better compared with the previous reported methods. Additionally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of preservatives in beverages and is a potentially promising technique for drink matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China .,Zhejiang Weikang Pharmaceutical Company 15 Xinggong North Road 324100 Jiangshan Zhejiang Province P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road 110016 Shenyang Liaoning Province P.R. China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Zhejiang Weikang Pharmaceutical Company 15 Xinggong North Road 324100 Jiangshan Zhejiang Province P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China
| | - Longhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road 310058 Hangzhou Zhejiang Province P.R. China
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Zhou Z, Chen B, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang Y. Mechanism of VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 signaling in the effects of sodium dehydroacetate on coagulation factors in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105518. [PMID: 36403723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dehydroacetate (Na-DHA) is widely used as an antibacterial and preservative additive in food and cosmetics. Previously, we reported that repeated oral administration of Na-DHA induces coagulation disorders, and inhibited liver vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) and VKORC1-like protein 1 (VKORC1L1) in rats. However, the effects of Na-DHA on coagulation factors in rat hepatocytes and the mechanism of VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 signaling in that process are unclear. Here, we constructed stable Vkorc1 and Vkorc1l1 overexpressing cell lines using lentiviruses and transfected small interfering RNAs into buffalo rat liver BRL3A cells for Vkorc1 and Vkorc1l1 overexpression and silencing, respectively. After treatment with 5 mmol/L Na-DHA for 24 h, VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. Vitamin K (VK) and factor IX (FIX) contents were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. We observed that Na-DHA inhibited VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 expression levels and reduced VK and FIX levels in rat hepatocytes. Overexpression or silencing of Vkorc1 and Vkorc1l1 increased or decreased, respectively, the production and secretion of VK and FIX in rat hepatocytes, and alleviated or aggravated the inhibitory effects of Na-DHA on VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 expression levels. Taken together, the results indicated that both VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 signaling play regulatory roles in the effects of Na-DHA on coagulation factors in rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs & Hunan Provincial Research Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Changsha 410329, PR China
| | - Binlin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Effects of cinnamaldehyde against planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation of Shigella flexneri. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105741. [PMID: 36038086 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-cancer activities; Its antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions against Shigella flexneri, on the other hand, have not been investigated. Sh. flexneri is a gram-negative foodborne pathogen that can be widely found in nature and some industrial production environments. In this current research, our aim was to examine the influences of CA on planktonic bacteria and biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CA against Sh. flexneri strain was 100 μg/mL, while bacteria treated with CA showed a longer lag phase compared with the untreated control. CA effectively inactivated the Sh. flexneri in LB broth and fresh lettuce juice. CA treatment resulted in cell membrane permeability changes and dysfunction, as proven by cell membrane depolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentration. In addition, CA was also discovered to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and induce morphological changes in cells. Crystal violet staining showed that the biomass of biofilm was decreased significantly with CA in 24 h. Light microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observations demonstrated decreased biofilm adhesion and destruction of biofilm architecture after treatment with CA. These findings indicated that CA acts as a natural bacteriostatic agent to control Sh. flexneri in food processing and production.
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Pereira LM, Della Betta F, Seraglio SKT, Schulz M, Nehring P, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, Costa ACO. Assessment of Sorbate and Benzoate Content in Mustard, Ketchup and Tomato Sauce by Sub-Minute Capillary Electrophoresis. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:376-384. [PMID: 34759768 PMCID: PMC8542181 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Sorbate and benzoate are important preservatives in food products, but these compounds can also have genotoxic effects, causing health risks to consumers. In this regard, this study aims to determine the mass fractions of sorbate and benzoate in Brazilian samples of mustard, ketchup and tomato sauce using an adequately validated sub-minute capillary electrophoresis method. Experimental approach In this study, sorbate and benzoate were evaluated in sauce samples by capillary electrophoresis using a simple sample preparation procedure. Previously, the method was validated according to Eurachem guidelines, and its greenness was assessed by Eco-Scale. Results and conclusions The fitness for purpose of the method, as well as its suitability for the analysis of the studied matrices and its agreement with the principles of green chemistry were checked and confirmed. Also, according to our findings, among the 30 commercial samples assessed, six of them presented some mislabeling or non-compliance with European or Brazilian legislation, reinforcing the constant need for quality assessment and surveillance of food products. Novelty and scientific contribution So far, there have been few studies related to investigating the preservatives such as sorbate and benzoate in mustard, ketchup and tomato sauce, highlighting the significance and contribution of the obtained results to the knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Morilla Pereira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Della Betta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Siluana Katia Tischer Seraglio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mayara Schulz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila Nehring
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Valdemiro Gonzaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Roseane Fett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-001 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Guo K, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Li Z, Ran J, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Hu M. Antibacterial mechanism of Aspergillus niger xj spore powder crude extract B10 against Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-37. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1858722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Guizhou Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Mianmian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
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Zhang C, Liu A, Zhang T, Li Y, Zhao H. Gas Chromatography Detection Protocol of Short-chain Fatty Acids in Mice Feces. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3672. [PMID: 33659342 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are formed mainly by bacteria fermenting undigested carbohydrates in the colon, they are based on the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Organic fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms are called short-chain fatty acids. SCFAs are closely related to various aspects of the human body, so more and more researchers concentrate on SCFAs. This protocol describes, a direct injection gas chromatography detection method with a pretreatment method for extracting SCFA from mice feces by combining acidification. The corresponding sample limit of quantization (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) are 0.8-1.0 mg/L and 0.5-0.8 mg/L, respectively. The correlation coefficient of calibration curve is greater than 0.999. The recovery rate of the spiked standard is 80%-102%. This method can be used to analyze and determine SCFAs in mice feces. Therefore, this is an economical, effective and reproducible method for SCFAs measurement in mice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Tianshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
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Wood JE, Gill BD, Gujaran GD, Indyk HE, White PM. Determination of Sorbic Acid in Cheese by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:807-811. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sorbic acid (E, E-2, 4-hexadienoic acid) is added as a preservative to cheese because of its fungistatic and antimicrobial activity.
Objective
A facile method for the analysis of sorbic acid that is applicable to sliced processed cheese and grated cheese products.
Method
A cheese sample and dry-ice mixture was blended and sorbic acid was extracted with methanol and analyzed by HPLC-ultraviolet with external standardization. A large sample size was used to overcome sample inhomogeneity due to imprecise sorbic acid addition techniques during production and sorbic acid migration through the fat over time.
Results
The method was shown to be accurate for both processed cheese and grated Cheddar cheese, with acceptable spike recovery (93.7, 103.7%, respectively), and no bias (α = 0.05) against an international reference method (p = 0.59, p = 0.13, respectively) was found. Acceptable precision was confirmed for both processed cheese slices and grated Cheddar cheese, with repeatability of 5.3% and 4.3% relative standard deviation, respectively, and intermediate precision Horwitz ratio values of 1.3 and 1.7 for processed cheese slices and grated Cheddar cheese, respectively. Method detection limit and ruggedness experiments further demonstrated the suitability of this method for routine compliance testing.
Conclusions
A method for high-throughput, routine testing of sorbic acid is described. The method was subjected to single-laboratory validation and was found to be accurate, precise, and fit-for-purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie E Wood
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Gaurav D Gujaran
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Harvey E Indyk
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Peter M White
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
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Wang N, Liu X, Li J, Zhang Q, Li X, An Q, Ye X, Zhao Z, Cai L, Han Y, Zhao M, Wenjun W. Antibacterial mechanism of the synergistic combination between streptomycin and alcohol extracts from the Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112467. [PMID: 31837412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu. Is a unique traditional medicinal plant in ancient China, and it can eliminate turbid pathogens with aromatics, clear heat, detoxify, prevent colds and influenza, Xinhua Compendium of Materia Medica records that. AIM OF THE STUDY In previous study, we investigated the regulation of ethanol extracts (EEs) from C. salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves on three common antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin, imipenem) by the checkerboard method. The combination exhibited the best synergy among all combinations, which were composed of streptomycin and 50% EE (SE) from the C. salicifolius S. Y. Hu. leaves. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of the SE against Escherichia coli (E. coli, G-) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, G+). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial mechanism of the SE was explored by the time-kill test, the phosphorus metabolism, cell membrane integrity assays, the SDS-PAGE, the SEM and TEM observation. RESULTS The time-kill test illustrated that the SE was bacteriostatic with a time-dependent relationship, not sterilization. The phosphorus metabolism indicated that the SE lowered phosphorus consumption. The cell membrane integrity assays demonstrated that the cell membrane was damaged, with the nucleic acid flowing out. The SDS-PAGE analysis found that the SE inhibited the synthesis of the total protein. The SEM and TEM results revealed that the surface and internal ultrastructure of bacteria were damaged. The surface of the bacteria was shriveled and deformed, and the internal structure of the cells was also mutilated. CONCLUSIONS The SE damaged the cell membrane, with the cytoplasm flowing out, disturbed the synthesis of total protein and phosphorus metabolism, and ultimately killed the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qi An
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ximei Ye
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yi Han
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wang Wenjun
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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