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Wang Y, Gu Z, Dong J, Zhu J, Liu C, Li G, Lu M, Han J, Cao S, Wang W. Fluorescent imaging and toxicology study of alga-derived carbon dots in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116122. [PMID: 38402794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread application of carbon dots (CDs) in fluorescence imaging, their toxicity has become a focal point of concern. The potential toxicity of CDs synthesized from different raw materials remains an unresolved issue. Laver and wakame, which are commonly popular sea vegetable foods rich in nutrients, were utilized to investigate whether synthetic CDs derived from these alga sources retain medicinal value. Herein, two types of fluorescent alga-derived CDs were prepared through hydrothermal synthesis using laver and wakame respectively. Zebrafish were immersed in both types of CDs to observe their fluorescence imaging effects within the zebrafish bodies. It was observed that laver-derived CDs and wakame-derived CDs exhibited similar luminescence properties but differed in terms of fish egg imaging localization. Additionally, intestinal flora sequencing revealed varying degrees of influence on the zebrafish gut microbiota by the two types of CDs, suggesting that both alga-derived CDs could enhance the abundance of intestinal flora in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhizhi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jingyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cunguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meichen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Punchakara A, Prajapat G, Bairwa HK, Jain S, Agrawal A. Applications of mycosporine-like amino acids beyond photoprotection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0074023. [PMID: 37843273 PMCID: PMC10686070 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00740-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a lot of interest in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) because of their alleged potential as a natural microbial sunscreen. Since chemical ultraviolet (UV) absorbers are unsafe for long-term usage, the demand for natural UV-absorbing substances has increased. In this situation, MAA is a strong contender for an eco-friendly UV protector. The capacity of MAAs to absorb light in the UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) range without generating free radicals is potentially relevant in photoprotection. The usage of MAAs for purposes other than photoprotection has now shifted in favor of medicinal applications. Aside from UV absorption, MAAs also have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, anti-photoaging, cell proliferation stimulators, anti-cancer agents, and anti-adipogenic properties. Recently, MAAs application to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection was also investigated. In this review article, we highlight the biomedical applications of MAAs that go beyond photoprotection, which can help in utilizing the MAAs as promising bioactive compounds in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Punchakara
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganshyam Prajapat
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Bairwa
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhil Agrawal
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Kim SR, Cha M, Kim T, Song S, Kang HJ, Jung Y, Cho JY, Moh SH, Kim SJ. Sustainable Production of Shinorine from Lignocellulosic Biomass by Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15848-15858. [PMID: 36475725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have been used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this work was to develop yeast strains for sustainable and economical production of MAAs, especially shinorine. First, genes involved in MAA biosynthetic pathway from Actinosynnema mirum were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous shinorine production. Second, combinatorial expression of wild and mutant xylose reductase was adopted in the engineered S. cerevisiae to facilitate xylose utilization in the pentose phosphate pathway. Finally, the accumulation of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P) was attempted by deleting transaldolase-encoding TAL1 in the pentose phosphate pathway to increase carbon flux toward shinorine production. In fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strain (DXdT-M) produced 751 mg/L shinorine in 71 h. Ultimately, 54 mg/L MAAs was produced by DXdT-M from rice straw hydrolysate. The results suggest that shinorine production by S. cerevisiae might be a promising process for sustainable production and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Rim Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Cha
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeok Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihoon Song
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jee Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Bio-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Rosic N. Genome Mining as an Alternative Way for Screening the Marine Organisms for Their Potential to Produce UV-Absorbing Mycosporine-like Amino Acid. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080478. [PMID: 35892946 PMCID: PMC9394291 DOI: 10.3390/md20080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are small molecules with robust ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing capacities and a huge potential to be used as an environmentally friendly natural sunscreen. MAAs, temperature, and light-stable compounds demonstrate powerful photoprotective capacities and the ability to capture light in the UV-A and UV-B ranges without the production of damaging free radicals. The biotechnological uses of these secondary metabolites have been often limited by the small quantities restored from natural resources, variation in MAA expression profiles, and limited success in heterologous expression systems. Overcoming these obstacles requires a better understanding of MAA biosynthesis and its regulatory processes. MAAs are produced to a certain extent via a four-enzyme pathway, including genes encoding enzymes dehydroquinate synthase, enzyme O-methyltransferase, adenosine triphosphate grasp, and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. However, there are substantial genetic discrepancies in the MAA genetic pathway in different species, suggesting further complexity of this pathway that is yet to be fully explored. In recent years, the application of genome-mining approaches allowed the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that resulted in the discovery of many new compounds from unconventional sources. This review explores the use of novel genomics tools for linking BGCs and secondary metabolites based on the available omics data, including MAAs, and evaluates the potential of using novel genome-mining tools to reveal a cryptic potential for new bioproduct screening approaches and unrevealing new MAA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia;
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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