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Sun W, Matsuoka T, Narumoto J. Decision-Making Support for People With Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:750803. [PMID: 34867639 PMCID: PMC8633444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of people with dementia has been increasing yearly, and the decision-making capacity of these people has become a major concern in fields such as the financial industry and in medical settings. In this narrative review, we discuss decision-making in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and we propose the support for decision-making in people with AD, especially financial and medical decision-making. We summarize several hypotheses and theories on the decision-making capacity of people with AD. These include the frontal lobe hypothesis, physiological theory, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the Person-Task-Fit (PTF) framework. Both internal and external factors can affect decision-making by people with AD. Internal factors are affected by changes in the brain and neurotransmitters, as well as alterations in cognitive ability and emotion. External factors include task characters, task contents, and situation influence. Since feedback has a significant effect on decision-making capacity, a series of suggestions may be helpful to improve this capacity, such as explicit advice, simple options, pleasant rewards, the Talking Mats approach, memory and organizational aid, support by caregivers, cognitive training and feedback. Thus, in providing decision-making support for people with AD, it is important to identify the internal and external factors that impair this process and to deal with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin Narumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Conti E, Andreoni S, Tomaselli D, Storti B, Brovelli F, Acampora R, Da Re F, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C, Tremolizzo L. Serum DBI and biomarkers of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and delirium. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:1003-1007. [PMID: 32705487 PMCID: PMC7870594 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients often express significant behavioral symptoms: for this reason, accessible related biomarkers could be very useful. Neuroinflammation is a key pathogenic process in both AD and delirium (DEL), a clinical condition with behavioral symptoms resembling those of AD. Methods A total of n = 30 AD patients were recruited together with n = 30 DEL patients and n = 15 healthy controls (CTRL). Serum diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA. Results DBI serum levels were increased in AD patients with respect to CTRL (+ 81%), while DEL values were 70% higher than AD. IL-17 was increased in DEL with respect to CTRL (+ 146%), while AD showed dispersed values and failed to reach significant differences. On the other hand, IL-6 showed a more robust increase in DEL with respect to the other two groups (+ 185% and + 205% vs. CTRL and AD, respectively), and TNF-α failed to show any change. Conclusions DBI may be a very promising candidate for AD, perhaps marking psychomotor DEL-like symptoms, in view of developing future helping tool for practicing physicians. Furthermore, DBI rise in DEL offers novel cues for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of this potentially fatal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Conti
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Simona Andreoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Davide Tomaselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Brovelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Acampora
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Fulvio Da Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Room 2043, Building U8, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy. .,Neurology Unit, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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