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De Narvaez E, Schoenfeld D, Elshereye A, Tran JD, Oehler RL. Triple Threat: A Case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Septicemia Complicated by Multi-Valvular Endocarditis, Spinal Osteomyelitis, and Septic Embolic Stroke. Cureus 2022; 14:e27789. [PMID: 36106220 PMCID: PMC9451597 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Rostamian M, Rahmati D, Akya A. Clinical manifestations, associated diseases, diagnosis, and treatment of human infections caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: a systematic review. Germs 2022; 12:16-31. [PMID: 35601944 PMCID: PMC9113682 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a bacillus that can cause cutaneous and systemic diseases in humans. Studies on the infection caused by this bacterium have been mostly done as case reports. This study aimed to systematically review E. rhusiopathiae infection cases published over the last 20 years. METHODS Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using appropriate keywords to find relevant studies. After assessment of the studies, 57 case reports which surveyed 62 patients were included and their data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The majority of cases were adult men living in high-income countries with an animal-related job and/or a history of animal contacts. The number of cases has increased in recent years. The main underlying diseases that were associated with E. rhusiopathiae infections include hypertension, diabetes, and alcoholism. The most frequent presentations were fever, pain, local skin lesions, and heart failure/endocarditis. Two patients died, while 60 patients were recovered following antibiotic therapy, mainly with penicillin and ceftriaxone. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the results indicated that E. rhusiopathiae usually infects people who come into contact with animals and causes mild to severe local or systemic infections, especially in those who have underlying diseases. Therefore, accurate and early diagnosis of E. rhusiopathiae infections by setting up appropriate laboratory tests is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Rostamian
- PhD, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Parastar Blvd, Kermanshah, postal code 6714415333, Iran
| | - Donya Rahmati
- MD, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Shiroudi Blvd, Kermanshah, postal code 6714869914, Iran
| | - Alisha Akya
- PhD, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Parastar Blvd, Kermanshah, postal code 6714415333, Iran
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Principe L, Bracco S, Mauri C, Tonolo S, Pini B, Luzzaro F. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae Bacteremia without Endocarditis: Rapid Identification from Positive Blood Culture by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. A Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Dis Rep 2016; 8:6368. [PMID: 27103974 PMCID: PMC4815943 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2016.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that is infrequently responsible for infections in humans. Three forms have been classified: a localized cutaneous form (erysipeloid) caused by traumatic penetration of E. rhusiopathiae, a generalized cutaneous form and a septicemic form. The latter type of disease has been previously associated with a high incidence of endocarditis. Here we report a case of E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia in a 74-year-old man, probably started from an erysipeloid form, in which endocarditis did not develop. This case presents some particular and uncommon features: i) no correlation with animal source; ii) correlation between bacteremia and erysipeloid lesion; iii) absence of endocarditis. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allowed to obtain a rapid identification (within 4 hours from bottle positivity) of E. rhusiopathiae. Together with direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing, this approach could improve the rate of appropriate therapy for bloodstream infections due to this fastidious pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy
| | - Carola Mauri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy
| | - Silvia Tonolo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy
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Kaya S, Gençalioğlu E, Yıldırım SS, Altun G, Yılmaz G, Köksal I. Native valve endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in an immunocompetent individual. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1911-1913. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.059931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a very rare clinical form caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. It is rarely seen in immunocompetent individuals. Even after surgery it may entail mortality rates as high as 30–40 %. This report describes a case of native valve endocarditis caused by E. rhusiopathiae and cured with crystallized penicillin G and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Kaya
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Eda Gençalioğlu
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seval Sönmez Yıldırım
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gökalp Altun
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gürdal Yılmaz
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Iftihar Köksal
- Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Septicemia and Aortic Valve Endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a Homeless Man. Case Rep Infect Dis 2013; 2013:923034. [PMID: 23662222 PMCID: PMC3639695 DOI: 10.1155/2013/923034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of bacterial endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a homeless man with no animal exposure. His course was complicated by an allergic reaction to ampicillin, urinary bladder infection, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury. He recovered completely after aortic valve replacement and a 6-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone.
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Active infective endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: zoonosis caused by vancomycin-resistant gram-positive rod. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 61:96-9. [PMID: 22664947 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-012-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 42-year-old female who was a voluntary worker in a school for handicapped children was referred to us for surgery for active infective endocarditis. Trans-esophageal echocardiography showed 2 large mobile vegetations on the aortic valve and severe aortic regurgitation. Aortic valve replacement was performed to prevent septic embolism and deterioration of congestive heart failure. The empiric therapy with vancomycin, ampicillin, and gentamycin was initiated because a pathogen was not identified. But Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (gram-positive rod) was isolated on the 4th day after surgery. The target therapy with penicillin G and clindamycin was started and continued for 4 weeks after surgery. The inflammatory parameters improved steadily and the patient was discharged on the 36th day after surgery. Infective endocarditis due to gram-positive rods can be easily mistaken for streptococci or dismissed as a skin contamination. But, E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Andrychowski J, Jasielski P, Netczuk T, Czernicki Z. Empyema in spinal canal in thoracic region, abscesses in paravertebral space, spondylitis: in clinical course of zoonosis Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 21 Suppl 4:S557-63. [PMID: 22526696 PMCID: PMC3369048 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erysipelas is an animal disease caused by Gram-positive bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Among the domestic animals, domestic pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) suffers most frequently from the disease in human environment. This is a typical animal-borne disease observed mainly in occupational groups employed in agriculture, farming (of animals and birds), fishing and manufacturing industry. METHODS We are presenting the clinical course of infection (E. rhusiopathiae) and discuss clinical forms. E. rhusiopathiae in humans may have the following clinical course: mild form of skin infection diagnosed as local erythema (erysipeloid), disseminated form of skin infection and the most serious form of infection of systemic course (endocarditis and sepsis). Mild skin infection and local erythema are the most common forms. Very rare case of animal-borne infection course has been presented in which after initial phase the disease was generalised to the abscesses formation in paravertebral space, spondylitis and empyema formation in spinal canal. In the presented clinical case, the patient was suffering from diabetes. It was probably an additional risk factor of the disease generalisation. Patient underwent drainage of empyema in spinal canal, after which his neurological status gradually improved. Antibiotic therapy was implemented and continued for 8 weeks. Such course of erysipelas was not previously described in the literature. RESULTS After therapy neurological status was improved. In follow MRI control exam empyema and spondylitis was successfully eliminated. CONCLUSIONS Various complications of the disease, such as endocarditis and heart valves disturbances, are well known and are the most severe complications of the generalised infection. Proper targeted and long-term antibiotic therapy is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Andrychowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bielanski Hospital, Ceglowska Str 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland.
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Acute meningitis as an initial manifestation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. J Infect Chemother 2011; 17:703-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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[Severe aortic regurgitation secondary to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:192-3. [PMID: 19306721 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martínez Celada M, Iglesias Cubero G, Villaverde P, Rivas Carmenado ME. [Native tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 130:277-8. [PMID: 18355430 DOI: 10.1157/13116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Shioshita K, Takazono T, Seki M, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yanagihara K, Tashiro T, Otsuka Y, Ohkusu K, Kohno S. An autopsy case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. Intern Med 2008; 47:1437-40. [PMID: 18670152 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever. The vegetation was confirmed by echocardiography on the tricuspid valve and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated by blood culture. The patient died due to heart failure, and tricuspid valve vegetation was confirmed on autopsy and the sample of Gram's staining showed gram-positive microcolonies. Although about 60 cases of E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis have been reported, Japanese cases are extremely rare.
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Kim SR, Kwon MJ, Lee JH, Lee NY. Chronic meningitis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1405-1406. [PMID: 17893181 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented with headache, nausea, vomiting and fever. Laboratory findings including analysis of cerebrospinal fluid suggested bacterial meningitis. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was identified in cultures of cerebrospinal fluid. The patient recovered without any neurological sequelae after antimicrobial treatment. It is interesting that intracranial infection by E. rhusiopathiae reappeared after scores of years and that it presented with absence of an underlying cause or bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ran Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Boo TW, Hone R, Hurley J. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis: a preventable zoonosis? Ir J Med Sci 2003; 172:81-2. [PMID: 12930059 DOI: 10.1007/bf02915253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a bacterium ubiquitous in the environment. It can cause a variety of diseases and the risk of infection is closely related to the level of occupational exposure to infected or colonised animals. AIMS To discuss the clinical features and treatment of this zoonosis, to increase awareness of this pathogen and to emphasise the need for meticulous attention to hygienic work practices in reducing the risk of infection. METHOD A case report of a farmer with E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis and the management of the infection. RESULTS The patient was successfully treated with valve replacement surgery and antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of this microorganism is essential for appropriate treatment of endocarditis. Greater awareness and safe work practices can help reduce the risk of human infection by this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Boo
- Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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