Observation and mechanism study of bladder wound healing after transurethral holmium laser resection of bladder tumor

Dehydrated Human Amnion-Chorion Membrane Extracts Can Ameliorate Interstitial Cystitis in Rats by Down-Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines and Protein Coding Genes: A Preclinical Study

The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic impact of intravesical instillation of dehydrated human amnion-chorion membrane (HACM) extracts based on the primary pathological feature of interstitial cystitis (IC). We divided 15 female Sprague-Dawley rats into three groups: sham control, IC, and treatment group. IC was induced by 400-µL lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/µL), and it was replaced with normal saline in the sham control group. After IC induction, 300 µL dehydrated HACM extracts (3 mg/kg) were instilled into rats’ urinary bladder weekly for 3 weeks. General histology, inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, oxidative markers, and western blots results were examined. The urothelial denudation, mast-cell infiltration, and tissues fibrosis were all ameliorated. The elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and NF-κB were all down-regulated by dehydrated HACM extracts (p < 0.05). For reactive oxygen species, increased malondialdehyde, decreased superoxide dismutase, and decreased glutathione peroxidase were all reversed (p < 0.05). In apoptosis of IC, elevated Bax and suppressed Bcl-2 were improved (p < 0.05) after instillation. In fibrosis, dysregulated TGFβ/R-Smads/Snail was corrected by the instillation of dehydrated HACM (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dehydrated HACM extracts could be a powerful remedy in treating IC by reconstructing the damaged urothelium, reducing mast-cell infiltration and inflammatory reactions, and ameliorating fibrotic changes.

Urine-based regenerative RNA biomarkers for urinary bladder wound healing

Background: This study aimed to investigate the expression of regeneration-related genes in canine urine during bladder repair. Materials & methods: Canine urine samples were collected after partial cystectomy. Regenerative mRNA of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals were detected. Results: HIF-1α, VEGF, CD44, IL-6 and prominin-1 expression in canine urine after partial cystectomy exhibited two similar peaks at ∼2 weeks. HIF-1α and VEGF expression were higher in the afternoon than the morning. The expression of key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals also exhibited a rhythm along with bladder healing. Conclusions: The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals exhibited a time curve distribution during canine bladder healing. The expression trend of some regenerative genes was similar during bladder healing, and a cooperative effect may exist.