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Shibagaki K, Kushima R, Mishiro T, Araki A, Niino D, Ishimura N, Ishihara S. Gastric dysplastic lesions in Helicobacter pylori-naïve stomach: Foveolar-type adenoma and intestinal-type dysplasia. Pathol Int 2024. [PMID: 38837872 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Reports of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-naïve gastric neoplasm (HpNGN) cases have been rapidly increasing due to the recent increase in the Hp-naïve population in Japan. Most HpNGNs exhibit the gastric immunophenotype and a low malignant potential regardless of histological type. Especially, foveolar-type gastric adenoma (FGA) and intestinal-type gastric dysplasia (IGD) rarely progress to invasive carcinoma. FGA is a foveolar epithelial neoplasm that occurs in the fundic gland (oxyntic gland) mucosa and is classified as the flat type or raspberry type (FGA-RA). The flat type is a large, whitish flatly elevated lesion while FGA-RA is a small reddish polyp. Genomically, the flat type is characterized by APC and KRAS gene mutations and FGA-RA by a common single nucleotide variant in the KLF4 gene. This KLF4 single-nucleotide variant reportedly induces gastric foveolar epithelial tumorigenesis and activates both cell proliferation and apoptosis, leading to its slow-growing nature. IGD consists of an intestinalized epithelial dysplasia that develops in the pyloric gland mucosa, characterized as a superficial depressed lesion surrounded by raised mucosa showing a gastritis-like appearance. Immunohistochemically, it exhibits an intestinal or gastrointestinal phenotype and, frequently, p53 overexpression. Thus, IGD shows unique characteristics in HpNGNs and a potential multistep tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shibagaki
- Department of Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Wang F, Hu D, Lou X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang T, Yan Z, Meng N, Lei Y, Zou Y. Predictive value of peripheral blood leukocytes-based methylation of Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and H19 in the chemotherapy effect and prognosis of gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101929. [PMID: 38493517 PMCID: PMC10958112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predictive value of the methylation of Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and H19 promoters in peripheral blood leukocytes as a non-invasive biomarker for the chemotherapy effect and prognosis gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. METHODS The DNA methylation of H19 and MALAT1 between chemotherapy-sensitive and non-sensitive groups and between groups with better and worse survival of GC was compared using regression analyses. Several predictive nomograms were constructed. The genetic alteration of MALAT1 and H19 and the association between gene expression and immune status in GC were also investigated using bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Higher genetic methylations in peripheral blood were noticed in GC groups with poorer survival. The constructed nomograms presented strong predictive values for the chemotherapy effect and 3-year survival of disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival, with the area under the curve as 0.838, 0.838, 0.912, and 0.925, respectively. Significant correlations between MALAT1 or H19 expression and marker genes of immune checkpoints and immune pathways were noticed. The high infiltration of macrophages in H19-high and low infiltration of CD8+ T cells in MALAT1-high groups were associated with worse survival of GC. CONCLUSIONS MALAT1 and H19 have the potential to predict the chemotherapy response and clinical outcomes of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Dingtao Hu
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Lou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ziye Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Quality Management Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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Takeuchi C, Yamashita S, Liu YY, Takeshima H, Sasaki A, Fukuda M, Hashimoto T, Naka T, Ishizu K, Sekine S, Yoshikawa T, Hamada A, Yamamichi N, Fujishiro M, Ushijima T. Precancerous nature of intestinal metaplasia with increased chance of conversion and accelerated DNA methylation. Gut 2024; 73:255-267. [PMID: 37751933 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, it is still controversial whether IM itself is precancerous or paracancerous. Here, we aimed to explore the precancerous nature of IM by analysing epigenetic alterations. DESIGN Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted by EPIC BeadArray using IM crypts isolated by Alcian blue staining. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for H3K27ac and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing were conducted using IM mucosa. NOS2 was induced using Tet-on gene expression system in normal cells. RESULTS IM crypts had a methylation profile unique from non-IM crypts, showing extensive DNA hypermethylation in promoter CpG islands, including those of tumour-suppressor genes. Also, the IM-specific methylation profile, namely epigenetic footprint, was present in a fraction of gastric cancers with a higher frequency than expected, and suggested to be associated with good overall survival. IM organoids had remarkably high NOS2 expression, and NOS2 induction in normal cells led to accelerated induction of aberrant DNA methylation, namely epigenetic instability, by increasing DNA methyltransferase activity. IM mucosa showed dynamic enhancer reprogramming, including the regions involved in higher NOS2 expression. NOS2 had open chromatin in IM cells but not in gastric cells, and IM cells had frequent closed chromatin of tumour-suppressor genes, indicating their methylation-silencing. NOS2 expression in IM-derived organoids was upregulated by interleukin-17A, a cytokine secreted by extracellular bacterial infection. CONCLUSIONS IM cells were considered to have a precancerous nature potentially with an increased chance of converting into cancer cells, and an accelerated DNA methylation induction due to abnormal NOS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Takeuchi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Gastroenterology Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Fukuda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Oita, Japan
| | - Taiki Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Naka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kotani S, Shibagaki K, Hirahara N, Hasegawa N, Tanabe R, Ebisutani Y, Nonomura S, Kishimoto K, Kodama Y, Takahashi Y, Kataoka M, Oka A, Fukuba N, Mishima Y, Oshima N, Kawashima K, Ishimura N, Araki A, Kadota K, Itawaki A, Nagasaki M, Miyaoka Y, Onuma H, Ishihara S. Clinicopathologic differences of gastric neoplasms between Helicobacter pylori-infected and -naïve patients: a multicenter retrospective analysis. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:1-10. [PMID: 37855982 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric neoplasms in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-naïve patients has recently increased due to a remarkable decrease in the Hp-infected population in Japan. We investigated the clinicopathologic differences between Hp-infected gastric neoplasms (HpIGNs) and Hp-naïve gastric neoplasms (HpNGNs) that have not been fully elucidated so far. METHODS This retrospective multicenter study investigated 966 consecutive patients with 1131 gastric dysplasia or cancers who underwent endoscopic or surgical treatment for the recent decade. Clinicopathologic features were compared between HpIGN and HpNGN cases. RESULTS One thousand and sixty-eight HpIGNs in 916 patients included 877 differentiated types and 191 undifferentiated types. Sixty-three HpNGNs in 50 patients included 57 differentiated types (35 foveolar types, 15 intestinal types, 6 fundic-gland types, and 1 other differentiated type) and 6 undifferentiated types. HpNGNs occurred in younger (59.5 vs. 71.8 years, p < 0.05) and female patients (40.0% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.05), were found more frequently in the proximal compartment (p < 0.05), and had smaller size (median 4.0 vs. 20.0 mm, p < 0.05). Histologically, HpNGNs and HpIGNs both primarily consisted of differentiated type (90.5% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.089) and HpNGNs showed lower prevalence of invasive cancer (11.1% vs. 37.6%, p < 0.05) and lymphovascular invasion (1.6% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.05). Nearly all HpNGNs (62/63, 98.4%) were diagnosed in early pathological stage, while 16.1% (172/1068) of HpIGNs were diagnosed in advanced stage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HpNGNs is recently on the increase but shows lower malignant nature regardless of histologic type than HpIGN. Endoscopic gastric cancer screening will be reviewed via cost effectiveness for Hp-naïve individuals in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shibagaki
- Department of Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Hirahara
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ebisutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Saya Nonomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Fukuba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kousaku Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Kadota
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ayako Itawaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagasaki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Onuma
- Department of Pathology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Irie T, Yamada H, Takeuchi C, Liu YY, Charvat H, Shimazu T, Ando T, Maekita T, Abe S, Takamaru H, Kodama M, Murakami K, Sugimoto K, Sakamoto K, Ushijima T. The methylation level of a single cancer risk marker gene reflects methylation burden in gastric mucosa. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:667-676. [PMID: 37219707 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer risk can be accurately predicted by measuring the methylation level of a single marker gene in gastric mucosa. However, the mechanism is still uncertain. We hypothesized that the methylation level measured reflects methylation alterations in the entire genome (methylation burden), induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and thus cancer risk. METHODS Gastric mucosa of 15 healthy volunteers without H. pylori infection (G1), 98 people with atrophic gastritis (G2), and 133 patients with gastric cancer (G3) after H. pylori eradication were collected. Methylation burden of an individual was obtained by microarray analysis as an inverse of the correlation coefficient between the methylation levels of 265,552 genomic regions in the person's gastric mucosa and those in an entirely healthy mucosa. RESULTS The methylation burden significantly increased in the order of G1 (n = 4), G2 (n = 18), and G3 (n = 19) and was well correlated with the methylation level of a single marker gene (r = 0.91 for miR124a-3). The average methylation levels of nine driver genes tended to increase according to the risk levels (P = 0.08 between G2 vs G3) and was also correlated with the methylation level of a single marker gene (r = 0.94). Analysis of more samples (14 G1, 97 G2, and 131 G3 samples) yielded significant increases of the average methylation levels between risk groups. CONCLUSIONS The methylation level of a single marker gene reflects the methylation burden, which includes driver gene methylation, and thus accurately predicts cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Irie
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Yamada
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takeuchi
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Abe
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sugimoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Department of Epigenomics, Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Xu H, Huang K, Lin Y, Gong H, Ma X, Zhang D. Glycosyltransferase GLT8D1 and GLT8D2 serve as potential prognostic biomarkers correlated with Tumor Immunity in Gastric Cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:123. [PMID: 37277853 PMCID: PMC10242987 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylation involved in various biological function, aberrant glycosylation plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1 (GLT8D1) and GLT8D2, as members of the glycosyltransferase family proteins, are associated with transferase activity. However, the association between GLT8D1/2 and gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential prognostic value and oncogenic role of GLT8D1/2 in GC. METHODS The relationship between GLT8D1/2 and GC was evaluated through comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. A series of factors like gene expression patterns, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, Cox regression analyses, prognostic nomogram, calibration curves, ROC curves, function enrichment analyses, tumor immunity association, genetic alterations, and DNA methylation were included. Data and statistical analyses were performed using R software (v3.6.3). RESULTS Both GLT8D1 and GLT8D2 expression were significantly upregulated in GC tissues(n = 414) compared with normal tissues(n = 210), and high expression of GLT8D1/2 was remarkably correlated with poor prognosis for GC patients. Cox regression analyses implied that GLT8D1/2 could act as independent prognostic factors in GC. Furthermore, gene function analyses indicated that multiple signaling pathways involving tumor oncogenesis and development enriched, such as mTOR, cell cycle, MAPK, Notch, Hedgehog, FGF, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, GLT8D1/2 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and immune regulators TMB/MSI. CONCLUSION GLT8D1/2 may serve as potential prognostic markers of poor prognosis in GC correlated with tumor immunity. The study provided an insight into identifying potential biomarkers and targets for prognosis, immunotherapy response, and therapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Ke Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Hang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xueni Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R. China.
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Big Data in Gastroenterology Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032458. [PMID: 36768780 PMCID: PMC9916510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying individual data types in isolation provides only limited and incomplete answers to complex biological questions and particularly falls short in revealing sufficient mechanistic and kinetic details. In contrast, multi-omics approaches to studying health and disease permit the generation and integration of multiple data types on a much larger scale, offering a comprehensive picture of biological and disease processes. Gastroenterology and hepatobiliary research are particularly well-suited to such analyses, given the unique position of the luminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract at the nexus between the gut (mucosa and luminal contents), brain, immune and endocrine systems, and GI microbiome. The generation of 'big data' from multi-omic, multi-site studies can enhance investigations into the connections between these organ systems and organisms and more broadly and accurately appraise the effects of dietary, pharmacological, and other therapeutic interventions. In this review, we describe a variety of useful omics approaches and how they can be integrated to provide a holistic depiction of the human and microbial genetic and proteomic changes underlying physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. We highlight the potential pitfalls and alternatives to help avoid the common errors in study design, execution, and analysis. We focus on the application, integration, and analysis of big data in gastroenterology and hepatobiliary research.
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8
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Loe AKH, Zhu L, Kim TH. Chromatin and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:22-31. [PMID: 36653445 PMCID: PMC9898530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Lexin Zhu
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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9
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Fritsche K, Boccellato F, Schlaermann P, Koeppel M, Denecke C, Link A, Malfertheiner P, Gut I, Meyer TF, Berger H. DNA methylation in human gastric epithelial cells defines regional identity without restricting lineage plasticity. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:193. [PMID: 36585699 PMCID: PMC9801550 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications in mammalian DNA are commonly manifested by DNA methylation. In the stomach, altered DNA methylation patterns have been observed following chronic Helicobacter pylori infections and in gastric cancer. In the context of epigenetic regulation, the regional nature of the stomach has been rarely considered in detail. RESULTS Here, we establish gastric mucosa derived primary cell cultures as a reliable source of native human epithelium. We describe the DNA methylation landscape across the phenotypically different regions of the healthy human stomach, i.e., antrum, corpus, fundus together with the corresponding transcriptomes. We show that stable regional DNA methylation differences translate to a limited extent into regulation of the transcriptomic phenotype, indicating a largely permissive epigenetic regulation. We identify a small number of transcription factors with novel region-specific activity and likely epigenetic impact in the stomach, including GATA4, IRX5, IRX2, PDX1 and CDX2. Detailed analysis of the Wnt pathway reveals differential regulation along the craniocaudal axis, which involves non-canonical Wnt signaling in determining cell fate in the proximal stomach. By extending our analysis to pre-neoplastic lesions and gastric cancers, we conclude that epigenetic dysregulation characterizes intestinal metaplasia as a founding basis for functional changes in gastric cancer. We present insights into the dynamics of DNA methylation across anatomical regions of the healthy stomach and patterns of its change in disease. Finally, our study provides a well-defined resource of regional stomach transcription and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Fritsche
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Boccellato
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Schlaermann
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Koeppel
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Denecke
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Center of Innovative Surgery (ZIC), Department of Surgery, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Gut
- grid.452341.50000 0004 8340 2354Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein – Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hilmar Berger
- grid.418159.00000 0004 0491 2699Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein – Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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10
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Gu XJ, Li YJ, Wang F, Ye T. MiR-30e-3p inhibits gastric cancer development by negatively regulating THO complex 2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2170-2182. [PMID: 36438699 PMCID: PMC9694264 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i11.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a common type of digestive cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of GC development and metastasis. The current study therefore explores the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of GC progression.
AIM To explore the expression and function of miR-30e-3p in GC development.
METHODS MiR-30e-3p was found to be downregulated in GC, with low levels thereof predicting poor outcomes among patients with GC. Functionally, we revealed that miR-30e-3p suppressed cell growth and metastatic behaviors of GC cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that THO complex 2 (THOC2) was a direct target of miR-30e-3p, and the interaction between miR-30e-3p and THOC2 was further validated by a luciferase reporter assay.
RESULTS Our findings revealed that knockdown of THOC2 inhibited the growth and metastatic behaviors of GC cells. After investigating signaling pathways involved in miR-30e-3p regulation, we found that the miR-30e-3p/THOC2 axis regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in GC.
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the novel functional axis miR-30e-3p/THOC2 is involved in GC development and progression. The miR-30e-3p/THOC2 axis could be utilized to develop new therapies against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Ya-Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, China
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11
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Mathebela P, Damane BP, Mulaudzi TV, Mkhize-Khwitshana ZL, Gaudji GR, Dlamini Z. Influence of the Microbiome Metagenomics and Epigenomics on Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13750. [PMID: 36430229 PMCID: PMC9693604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The disease is seldomly detected early and this limits treatment options. Because of its heterogeneous and complex nature, the disease remains poorly understood. The literature supports the contribution of the gut microbiome in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of GC. Drug resistance is the major challenge in GC therapy, occurring as a result of rewired metabolism. Metabolic rewiring stems from recurring genetic and epigenetic factors affecting cell development. The gut microbiome consists of pathogens such as H. pylori, which can foster both epigenetic alterations and mutagenesis on the host genome. Most of the bacteria implicated in GC development are Gram-negative, which makes it challenging to eradicate the disease. Gram-negative bacterium co-infections with viruses such as EBV are known as risk factors for GC. In this review, we discuss the role of microbiome-induced GC carcinogenesis. The disease risk factors associated with the presence of microorganisms and microbial dysbiosis are also discussed. In doing so, we aim to emphasize the critical role of the microbiome on cancer pathological phenotypes, and how microbiomics could serve as a potential breakthrough in determining effective GC therapeutic targets. Additionally, consideration of microbial dysbiosis in the GC classification system might aid in diagnosis and treatment decision-making, taking the specific pathogen/s involved into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Mathebela
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Thanyani Victor Mulaudzi
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zilungile Lynette Mkhize-Khwitshana
- School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4013, South Africa
- SAMRC Research Capacity Development Division, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7501, South Africa
| | - Guy Roger Gaudji
- Department of Urology, Level 7, Bridge C, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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12
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Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Srivastava TP, Talukdar J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Dhar R, Karmakar S. The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:955892. [PMID: 35957877 PMCID: PMC9357939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the minor population of cancer originating cells that have the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity (when transplanted into an immunocompromised animal). These low-copy number cell populations are believed to be resistant to conventional chemo and radiotherapy. It was reported that metabolic adaptation of these elusive cell populations is to a large extent responsible for their survival and distant metastasis. Warburg effect is a hallmark of most cancer in which the cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose anaerobically, even under normoxic conditions. Warburg's aerobic glycolysis produces ATP efficiently promoting cell proliferation by reprogramming metabolism to increase glucose uptake and stimulating lactate production. This metabolic adaptation also seems to contribute to chemoresistance and immune evasion, a prerequisite for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Though we know a lot about metabolic fine-tuning in cancer, what is still in shadow is the identity of upstream regulators that orchestrates this process. Epigenetic modification of key metabolic enzymes seems to play a decisive role in this. By altering the metabolic flux, cancer cells polarize the biochemical reactions to selectively generate "onco-metabolites" that provide an added advantage for cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we explored the metabolic-epigenetic circuity in relation to cancer growth and proliferation and establish the fact how cancer cells may be addicted to specific metabolic pathways to meet their needs. Interestingly, even the immune system is re-calibrated to adapt to this altered scenario. Knowing the details is crucial for selective targeting of cancer stem cells by choking the rate-limiting stems and crucial branch points, preventing the formation of onco-metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Computers and communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Mirzajani E, Vahidi S, Norollahi SE, Samadani AA. Novel biomarkers of microRNAs in gastric cancer; an overview from diagnosis to treatment. Microrna 2022; 11:12-24. [PMID: 35319404 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220322160242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fourth frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death is gastric cancer (GC). In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed. These biomarkers will allow for the accurate prediction of therapy response and prognosis in GC patients, as well as the development of an optimal treatment strategy for each individual. Conspicoiusly, microRNAs (miRNAs) and small noncoding RNA regulates the expression of target mRNA and thereby modifies critical biological mechanisms. According to the data, abnormally miRNAs expression in GC is linked to tumor growth, carcinogenesis, aggression and distant metastasis. Importantly, miRNA expression patterns and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can also be applied to analyze kinds of tissues and cancers. Given the high death rates and poor prognosis of GC, and the absence of a clinical diagnostic factor that is adequately sensitive to GC, research into novel sensitive and specific markers for GC diagnosis is critical. In this review,we evaluate the latest research findings that suggest the feasibility and clinical utility of miRNAs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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14
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Takeuchi C, Sato J, Yamashita S, Sasaki A, Akahane T, Aoki R, Yamamichi M, Liu YY, Ito M, Furuta T, Nakajima S, Sakaguchi Y, Takahashi Y, Tsuji Y, Niimi K, Tomida S, Fujishiro M, Yamamichi N, Ushijima T. Autoimmune gastritis induces aberrant DNA methylation reflecting its carcinogenic potential. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:144-155. [PMID: 35034200 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic inflammatory condition in gastric mucosa and is associated with increased cancer risk, though not as high as that by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis (HPG). Although aberrant DNA methylation is induced by HPG and the level correlates with the risk of gastric cancer, DNA methylation induction by AIG is unknown. METHODS Gastric mucosa samples from the corpus were collected from 12 people with AIG without H. pylori infection, 10 people with HPG, and eight healthy volunteers. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted using Infinium Methylation EPIC array. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The AIG samples had extensive aberrant DNA methylation but presented unique methylation profiles against the HPG samples after correction of leucocyte fractions. Comparison between the AIG and HPG samples showed that AIG induced methylation, but less than HPG, in overall CpG sites and also in promoter CpG islands. Promoter CpG islands of tumor-suppressor genes in the pathway of cell cycle, cell adhesion, p53, and WNT were highly methylated in the AIG samples, but more so in the HPG samples. The expression levels of IL1B and IL8, secreted by macrophage, were significantly lower in the AIG samples than in the HPG samples, suggesting that a difference in inflammatory response affected the degree and patterns of aberrant DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS AIG induced aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosa. However, the degree of DNA methylation was less than that by HPG, which reflected carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Takeuchi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rika Aoki
- Tokushima Health Screening Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsue Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigemi Nakajima
- Department of General Medicine, Consortium for Community Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Shiga Hospital, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Zhang CD, Takeshima H, Sekine S, Yamashita S, Liu YY, Hattori N, Abe H, Yamashita H, Fukuda M, Imamura Y, Ushiku T, Katai H, Makino H, Watanabe M, Seto Y, Ushijima T. Prediction of tissue origin of adenocarcinomas in the esophagogastric junction by DNA methylation. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:336-345. [PMID: 34557982 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of tissue origin of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinomas can be important for therapeutic decision, but no molecular marker is available. Here, we aimed to develop such a marker taking advantage of tissue-specific profiles of DNA methylation. METHODS DNA methylation profiles of gastric adenocarcinomas (GACs) were obtained by an Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, and those of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EACs) were obtained from the TCGA database. DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples was analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing. RESULTS In the screening set, 51 of 145,841 CpG sites in CpG islands were methylated at significantly higher levels in 30 GACs compared to those in 30 EACs. Among them, SLC46A3 and cg09177106 were unmethylated in all the 30 EACs. Predictive powers of these two markers were successfully confirmed in an independent validation set (18 GACs and 18 EACs) (SLC46A3, sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 100%; cg09177106, sensitivity = 83.3%, specificity = 94.4%), and could be applied to FFPE samples (37 GACs and 18 EACs) (SLC46A3, P = 0.0001; cg09177106, P = 0.0028). On the other hand, EAC-specific markers informative in the FFPE samples could not be isolated. Using these GAC-specific markers, nine of 46 (19.6%) TCGA EGJ adenocarcinomas were predicted to be GACs. CONCLUSIONS Two GAC-specific markers, SLC46A3 and cg09177106, had a high specificity for identifying the tissue origin of EGJ adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Dong Zhang
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Yamashita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahide Fukuda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Katai
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Surgery, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 206-8512, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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16
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ARID1A loss-of-function induces CpG island methylator phenotype. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yu H, Li E, Liu S, Wu Z, Gao F. Identification of Signature Genes in the PD-1 Relative Gastric Cancer Using a Combined Analysis of Gene Expression and Methylation Data. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4994815. [PMID: 36568638 PMCID: PMC9780002 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4994815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality rates for gastric cancer (GC) rank second among all cancers, indicating the serious threat it poses to human health, as well as human life. This study aims to identify the pathways and genes as well as investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumor-related genes in gastric cancer (GC). METHOD We compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in gastric cancer and normal tissue samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis' pathway annotations were conducted on DMGs and DEGs using a clusterProfiler R package to identify the important functions, as well as the biological processes and pathways involved. The intersection of the two was chosen and defined as differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs). For DMEGs, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) to differentiate gastric cancer from adjacent samples. The linear discriminant analysis method was applied to categorize the samples using DMEGs methylation data and DMEGs expression profiles data and was validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method. We plotted the ROC curve for the classification and calculated the AUC (area under the ROC curve) value for a more intuitive view of the classification effect. We also used the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 tool to analyze DMEGs, using DrugBank to acquire information on protein-drug interactions and generate a network map of gene-drug interactions. RESULTS We identified a total of 971 DMGs in 188 PD-1 negative and 187 PD-1 positive gastric cancer samples obtained from TCGA. The KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed the involvement of the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, cell-cell junction, and peptidase regulator activity. We simultaneously obtained 1,189 DEGs, out of which 986 were downregulated, while 203 were upregulated in tumors. The enriched analysis of the GO's and KEGG's pathways indicated that the most significant pathways included an intestinal immune network for IgA production, Staphylococcus aureus infection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, which have previously been linked with gastric cancer. The compound DB01830 can bind well to the active site of the LCK protein and shows good stability, thus making it a potential inhibitor of the LCK protein. To observe the relationship between DMEGs' expression and prognosis, we observed 10 genes, among which were TRIM29, TSPAN8, EOMES, PPP1R16B, SELL, PCED1B, IYD, JPH1, CEACAM5, and RP11-44K6.2. Their high expressions were related to high risks. Besides, those genes were validated in different internal and external validation sets. CONCLUSION These results may provide potential molecular biological therapy for PD-1 negative gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - En Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ZuGuang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - FenFei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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18
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Tsuyuki S, Takeshima H, Sekine S, Yamagata Y, Ando T, Yamashita S, Maeda S, Yoshikawa T, Ushijima T. Comparable genetic alteration profiles between gastric cancers with current and past Helicobacter pylori infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23443. [PMID: 34873204 PMCID: PMC8648804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancers can develop even after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in 0.2-2.9% cases per year. Since H. pylori is reported to directly activate or inactivate cancer-related pathways, molecular profiles of gastric cancers with current and past H. pylori infection may be different. Here, we aimed to analyze whether profiles of point mutation and gene amplification are different between the two groups. Current or past infection by H. pylori was determined by positive or negative amplification of H. pylori jhpr3 gene by PCR, and past infection was established by the presence of endoscopic atrophy. Among the 90 gastric cancers analyzed, 55 were with current infection, and 35 were with past infection. Target sequencing of 46 cancer-related genes revealed that 47 gastric cancers had 68 point mutations of 15 different genes, such as TP53 (36%), KRAS (4%), and PIK3CA (4%) and that gene amplification was present for ERBB2, KRAS, PIK3CA, and MET among the 26 genes assessed for copy number alterations. Gastric cancers with current and past infection had similar frequencies of TP53 mutations (38% and 31%, respectively; p = 0.652) and oncogene activation (20% and 29%, respectively; p = 0.444). Gastric cancers with current and past infection had comparable profiles of genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tsuyuki
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yamagata
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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19
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Sremac M, Paic F, Grubelic Ravic K, Serman L, Pavicic Dujmovic A, Brcic I, Krznaric Z, Nikuseva Martic T. Aberrant expression of SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 Wnt signaling pathway components in diffuse gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:822. [PMID: 34691249 PMCID: PMC8527567 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gastric carcinoma (DGC) is characterized by poorly cohesive cells, highly invasive growth patterns, poor prognosis and resistance to the majority of available systemic therapeutic strategies. It has been previously reported that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway serves a prominent role in the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying the dysregulation of this pathway in DGC has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of Wnt antagonists, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (SFRP3), and dishevelled protein family members, dishevelled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2) and dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 (DVL3), in DGC tissues. The association between the expression levels of these factors and the clinicopathological parameters of the patients was determined. Protein and mRNA expression levels in 62 DGC tumor tissues and 62 normal gastric mucosal tissues obtained from patients with non-malignant disease were measured using immunohistochemical and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Significantly lower protein expression levels of SFRP1 (P<0.001) and SFRP3 (P<0.001), but significantly higher protein expression levels of DVL2 (P<0.001) and DVL3 (P<0.001) were observed in DGC tissues compared with in control tissues by immunohistochemistry. In addition, significantly lower expression levels of SFRP1 (P<0.05) and higher expression levels of DVL3 (P<0.05) were found in in DGC tissues compared with those in normal gastric mucosal tissues using RT-qPCR. According to correlation analysis between the SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 protein expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DGC, a statistically significant correlation was found between the SFRP3 volume density and T stage (r=0.304; P=0.017) and between the SFRP3 volume density and clinical stage (r=0.336; P=0.008). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the Wnt signaling pathway components SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 may be aberrantly expressed in DGC tissues, implicating their possible role in the development of this malignant disease. The present data also revealed a positive relationship between SFRP3 protein expression and the clinical and T stage of DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sremac
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frane Paic
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katja Grubelic Ravic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aja Pavicic Dujmovic
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital 'Dr. Ivo Pedisic', 44000 Sisak, Croatia
| | - Iva Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Nikuseva Martic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Teng JJ, Zhao WJ, Zhang XL, Zhao DK, Qiu XY, Chen XD, Yang L. Downregulation of promoter methylation gene PRDM5 contributes to the development of tumor proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6921-6930. [PMID: 34659579 PMCID: PMC8518008 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic aberrations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly DNA methylation, are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Previous studies have shown that PRDM5 is methylated and silenced in GC. However, the role of PRDM5 in GC progression has not been explored. Methods: The expression and epigenetic alterations of PRDM5 in GC were analyzed in public datasets. The mRNA and protein expression of PRDM5 in fresh tissues were detected by semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot. And expression of PRDM5 in gastric paracarcinoma and carcinoma tissues from 162 patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assessed the association with different clinicopathological features. The prognostic value of PRDM5 in GC patients was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. We also studied promoter region methylation of PRDM5 in GC by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The effects of PRDM5 on cell proliferation and migration were conducted by functional experiments in vitro. Results: The expression of PRDM5 was downregulated in GC, and that was associated with poor survival and tumor progression. And PRDM5 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC. We also found that the methylation of PRDM5 promoter was closely related to the histopathological types and the progression of tumors through the public relations database. In vitro, ectopical expression of PRDM5 inhibited the growth of tumor cells, while knockdown of PRDM5 increased the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that PRDM5 may be a novel TSG methylated in GC that plays important roles in GC development. And we found PRDM5 as a potential survival biomarker for GC, especially in well differentiated GC. PRDM5 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage and histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Teng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Xun-Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Da-Kun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
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21
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Wang J, Shao X, Liu Y, Shi R, Yang B, Xiao J, Liu Y, Qu X, Li Z. Mutations of key driver genes in gastric cancer metastasis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:963-972. [PMID: 34196586 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1946394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Associations between gene mutations and metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) remain contradictory, resulting in the inaccurate estimation of the magnitude of the risk associated with specific genotypes.Methods: In this study, we first screened out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A) by jointly analyzing the mutation levels and searching the literature for genes associated with GC metastasis. We then performed a meta-analysis to demonstrate the relationship between these key driver gene mutations and GC metastasis, including lymphatic and distance metastasis.Results: We found out four key driver genes (TP53, PIK3CA, APC and ARID1A), associated with risk of GC metastasis. The results showed that TP53 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.72) and APC mutations (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.89) were associated with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis in GC. And TP53 mutations (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.18) were significantly related to GC metastasis in the Asian population. APC mutations (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.00) were also related to GC metastasis in the European and American populations. There was no significant association with GC metastasis in PIK3CA or ARID1A mutations.Expert opinion:Mutations of TP53 and APC play important roles in lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of GC and may be potential important biomarkers of progression and therapeutic targets. These observations should be further prospectively verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinye Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruichuan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenyang Fifth People Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Mortalin/glucose-regulated protein 75 promotes the cisplatin-resistance of gastric cancer via regulating anti-oxidation/apoptosis and metabolic reprogramming. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:140. [PMID: 34117210 PMCID: PMC8196146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum drug treatment is one of the most predominant chemotherapeutic strategies for patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the therapeutic effect is less than satisfactory, largely due to the acquired resistance to platinum drugs. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms can greatly improve the therapeutic efficacy of GC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemo-resistance related functions/mechanisms and clinical significance of glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) in GC. Here, our data showed that compared with SGC7901 cells, the expression of GRP75 was markedly higher in cisplatin-resistance cells (SGC7901CR). Knockdown of GRP75 abolished the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inhibited the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and c-myc, which resulted in blocking the activation of their downstream targets. These processes attenuated the anti-oxidation/apoptosis abilities and altered the metabolic reprogramming in SGC7901CR cells, leading to re-sensitizing these cells to cisplatin. However, overexpression of GRP75 in SGC7901 cells caused the opposite effects. A xenografts model confirmed the abovementioned results. In GC patients receiving platinum chemotherapy and a meta-analysis, a high level of GRP75 was positively associated with aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis including but not limited to gastrointestinal cancers, and was an independent predictor for overall survival. Collectively, our study indicated that GRP75 was involved in the cisplatin-resistance of GC and that GRP75 could be a potential therapeutic target for restoring the drug response in platinum-resistance cells and a useful additive prognostic tool in guiding clinical management of GC patients.
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23
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Bhaskar Rao D, Devanandan HJ, Ganesan K. Identification of kinases and kinase inhibitors for the differential targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer subtypes. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1182-1192. [PMID: 34002415 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic signaling pathway Wnt is often activated in many cancers including gastric cancer. Wnt signaling pathway is considered as a potential target for developing new targeted therapeutics. Kinase inhibitors are the promising class of drugs for many diseases including cancers. Toward identifying the potent inhibitors targeting Wnt signaling pathway, a kinase inhibitor library with 82 inhibitors were screened using Wnt pathway reporter assay in gastric cancer cells. Notably, 34 kinase inhibitors were identified to inhibit Wnt mediated reporter activity to the extent of more than 50%. The corresponding kinase genes, which are known targets of these kinase inhibitors, were investigated for their expression in the available mRNA profiles of gastric tumors. A major group of the kinase genes showed higher expression in intestinal subtype gastric tumors. Another group of kinase genes were found expressed in diffuse type gastric tumors. The kinase genes expressed in intestinal type gastric tumors were found associated with varying survival of gastric cancer patients whereas those expressed in diffuse type tumors were found associated with the poor survival. Thus, the kinase genes specifically expressed in intestinal and diffuse type gastric tumors and the kinase inhibitors to target Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer subtypes have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhaskar Rao
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Helen Jemimah Devanandan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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24
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Gastric Cancer: Advances in Carcinogenesis Research and New Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073418. [PMID: 33810350 PMCID: PMC8037554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer’s bad incidence, prognosis, cellular and molecular heterogeneity amongst others make this disease a major health issue worldwide. Understanding this affliction is a priority for proper patients’ management and for the development of efficient therapeutical strategies. This review gives an overview of major scientific advances, made during the past 5-years, to improve the comprehension of gastric adenocarcinoma. A focus was made on the different actors of gastric carcinogenesis, including, Helicobacter pylori cancer stem cells, tumour microenvironment and microbiota. New and recent potential biomarkers were assessed as well as emerging therapeutical strategies involving cancer stem cells targeting as well as immunotherapy. Finally, recent experimental models to study this highly complex disease were discussed, highlighting the importance of gastric cancer understanding in the hard-fought struggle against cancer relapse, metastasis and bad prognosis.
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25
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Takeshima H, Niwa T, Yamashita S, Takamura-Enya T, Iida N, Wakabayashi M, Nanjo S, Abe M, Sugiyama T, Kim YJ, Ushijima T. TET repression and increased DNMT activity synergistically induce aberrant DNA methylation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5370-5379. [PMID: 32663196 DOI: 10.1172/jci124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is deeply involved in various human disorders, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disorders. Induction of epigenetic alterations, especially aberrant DNA methylation, is one of the major mechanisms, but how it is induced is still unclear. Here, we found that expression of TET genes, methylation erasers, was downregulated in inflamed mouse and human tissues, and that this was caused by upregulation of TET-targeting miRNAs such as MIR20A, MIR26B, and MIR29C, likely due to activation of NF-κB signaling downstream of IL-1β and TNF-α. However, TET knockdown induced only mild aberrant methylation. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by NOS2, enhanced enzymatic activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methylation writers, and NO exposure induced minimal aberrant methylation. In contrast, a combination of TET knockdown and NO exposure synergistically induced aberrant methylation, involving genomic regions not methylated by either alone. The results showed that a vicious combination of TET repression, due to NF-κB activation, and DNMT activation, due to NO production, is responsible for aberrant methylation induction in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Niwa
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeji Takamura-Enya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masanobu Abe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Zhu M, Liang Q, Chen T, Kong Q, Ye G, Yu S, Li X, He Q, Liu H, Hu Y, Yu J, Li G. Identification and validation of methylated differentially expressed miRNAs and immune infiltrate profile in EBV-associated gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:22. [PMID: 33514440 PMCID: PMC7845045 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent discovery of cancer/tissue specificity of miRNA has indicated its great potential as a therapeutic target. In Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC), host genes are affected by extensive DNA methylation, including miRNAs. However, the role of methylated miRNA in the development of EBVaGC and immune cell infiltration has largely remained elusive. RESULTS After crossmatching the DNA methylation and expression profile of miRNA and mRNA in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA), we discovered that miR-129-2-3p was significantly suppressed due to hypermethylation on its enhancer in EBVaGC. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) added up to 30, among which AKAP12 and LARP6 were predicted to be the target genes of miR-129-2-3p and negatively correlated with patients' survival. Accordingly, miR-129-2-3p was significantly down-regulated in tumor samples in 26 (65%) out of 40 cases in our cohort (P < 0.0001). The proliferation, migration and invasion functions of GC cells were significantly promoted when transfected with miR-129-2-3p inhibitor and suppressed when transfected with mimics or treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Moreover, a comprehensive regulation network was established by combining the putative transcription factors, miRNA-mRNA and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that cytokine activity, especially CCL20, was the most prominent biological process in EBVaGC development. Immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated CD4+ T cell, macrophage and dendritic cell infiltrates were significantly enriched for the prognostic-indicated hub genes. CONCLUSION This study has provided a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs associated with genome-wide DNA methylation by integrating multi-source data including transcriptome, methylome and clinical data from GEO and TCGA, QPCR of tumor samples and cell function assays. It also gives a hint on the relationships between methylated miRNA, DEGs and the immune infiltration. Further experimental and clinical investigations are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism and validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qixiang Liang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qian Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Gengtai Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shitong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xunjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qinglie He
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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27
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Sumei S, Xiangyun K, Fenrong C, Xueguang S, Sijun H, Bin B, Xiaolei S, Yongjiu T, Kaichun W, Qingchuan Z, Yongzhan N, Bin X. Hypermethylation of DHRS3 as a Novel Tumor Suppressor Involved in Tumor Growth and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624871. [PMID: 33553182 PMCID: PMC7859350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The role of DHRS3 in human cancer remains unclear. Our study explored the role of DHRS3 in gastric cancer (GC) and its clinicopathological significance and associated mechanisms. Materials Bisulfite-assisted genomic sequencing PCR and a Mass-Array system were used to evaluate and quantify the methylation levels of the promoter. The expression levels and biological function of DHRS3 was examined by both in vitro and in vivo assays. A two-way hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify the methylation profiles, and the correlation between the methylation status of the DHRS3 promoter and the clinicopathological characteristics of GC were then assessed. Results The DHRS3 promoter was hypermethylated in GC samples, while the mRNA and protein levels of DHRS3 were significantly downregulated. Ectopic expression of DHRS3 in GC cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro, decreased tumor growth in vivo. DHRS3 methylation was correlated with histological type and poor differentiation of tumors. GC patients with high degrees of CpG 9.10 methylation had shorter survival times than those with lower methylation. Conclusion DHRS3 was hypermethylated and downregulated in GC patients. Reduced expression of DHRS3 is implicated in gastric carcinogenesis, which suggests DHRS3 is a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sumei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kong Xiangyun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Fenrong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sun Xueguang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hu Sijun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi Xiaolei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tu Yongjiu
- The General Surgery Department of Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (Central Hospital of the 73th Chinese People's Liberation Army), Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Kaichun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Qingchuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nie Yongzhan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The General Surgery Department of Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University (Central Hospital of the 73th Chinese People's Liberation Army), Xiamen, China
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Veerasubramanian PK, Trinh A, Akhtar N, Liu WF, Downing TL. Biophysical and epigenetic regulation of cancer stemness, invasiveness and immune action. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2020; 1:277-300. [PMID: 33817661 PMCID: PMC8015331 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an amalgam of multiple dysregulated biophysical cues that can alter cellular behavior through mechanotransductive signaling and epigenetic modifications. Through this review, we seek to characterize the extent of biophysical and epigenetic regulation of cancer stemness and tumor-associated immune cells in order to identify ideal targets for cancer therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified cancer stemness and immune action as significant contributors to neoplastic disease, due to their susceptibility to microenvironmental influences. Matrix stiffening, altered vasculature, and resultant hypoxia within the TME can influence cancer stem cell (CSC) and immune cell behavior, as well as alter the epigenetic landscapes involved in cancer development. SUMMARY This review highlights the importance of aberrant biophysical cues in driving cancer progression through altered behavior of CSCs and immune cells, which in turn sustains further biophysical dysregulation. We examine current and potential therapeutic approaches that break this self-sustaining cycle of disease progression by targeting the presented biophysical and epigenetic signatures of cancer. We also summarize strategies including the normalization of the TME, targeted drug delivery, and inhibition of cancer-enabling epigenetic players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annie Trinh
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Navied Akhtar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy L. Downing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Signal transduction pathway mutations in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18713. [PMID: 33127962 PMCID: PMC7599243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of the signaling pathways mutation rate in the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers in a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The study was performed based on the PRISMA criteria. Random models by confidence interval (CI: 95%) were used to calculate the pooled estimate of prevalence via Metaprop command. The pooled prevalence indices of signal transduction pathway mutations in gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer were 5% (95% CI: 3–8%), 12% (95% CI: 8–18%), 17% (95% CI: 14–20%), and 20% (95% CI: 5–41%), respectively. Also, the mutation rates for Wnt pathway and MAPK pathway were calculated to be 23% (95% CI, 14–33%) and 20% (95% CI, 17–24%), respectively. Moreover, the most popular genes were APC (in Wnt pathway), KRAS (in MAPK pathway) and PIK3CA (in PI3K pathway) in the colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer while they were beta-catenin and CTNNB1 in liver cancer. The most altered pathway was Wnt pathway followed by the MAPK pathway. In addition, pancreatic cancer was found to be higher under the pressure of mutation compared with others based on pooled prevalence analysis. Finally, APC mutations in colorectal cancer, KRAS in gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer were mostly associated gene alterations.
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Takeshima H, Yoda Y, Wakabayashi M, Hattori N, Yamashita S, Ushijima T. Low-dose DNA demethylating therapy induces reprogramming of diverse cancer-related pathways at the single-cell level. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:142. [PMID: 32958049 PMCID: PMC7507826 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic reprogramming using DNA demethylating drugs is a promising approach for cancer therapy, but its efficacy is highly dependent on the dosing regimen. Low-dose treatment for a prolonged period shows a remarkable therapeutic efficacy, despite its small demethylating effect. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of how such low-dose treatment shows this remarkable efficacy by focusing on epigenetic reprograming at the single-cell level. METHODS Expression profiles in HCT116 cells treated with decitabine (DAC) were analyzed by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Functional consequences and DNA demethylation at the single-cell level were analyzed using cloned HCT116 cells after DAC treatment. RESULTS scRNA-seq revealed that DAC-treated cells had highly diverse expression profiles at the single-cell level, and tumor-suppressor genes, endogenous retroviruses, and interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated in random fractions of cells. DNA methylation analysis of cloned HCT116 cells revealed that, while only partial reduction of DNA methylation levels was observed in bulk cells, complete demethylation of specific cancer-related genes, such as cell cycle regulation, WNT pathway, p53 pathway, and TGF-β pathway, was observed, depending upon clones. Functionally, a clone with complete demethylation of CDKN2A (p16) had a larger fraction of cells with tetraploid than parental cells, indicating induction of cellular senescence due to normalization of cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic reprogramming of specific cancer-related pathways at the single-cell level is likely to underlie the remarkable efficacy of low-dose DNA demethylating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Yoda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mika Wakabayashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Ulivi P, Arechederra M, Berasain C, Lollini PL, Fernández-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer: Potential New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5500. [PMID: 32752096 PMCID: PMC7432799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Complex disease heterogeneity, late diagnosis, and suboptimal therapies result in the poor prognosis of patients. Besides genetic alterations and environmental factors, it has been demonstrated that alterations of the epigenetic machinery guide cancer onset and progression, representing a hallmark of gastric malignancies. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms undergo an intricate crosstalk, and distinct epigenomic profiles can be shaped under different microenvironmental contexts. In this scenario, targeting epigenetic mechanisms could be an interesting therapeutic strategy to overcome gastric cancer heterogeneity, and the efforts conducted to date are delivering promising results. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic events involved in gastric cancer development. We conclude with a discussion of new promising epigenetic strategies for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Avila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
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LINC00858 knockdown inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through reducing WNK2 promoter methylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:709-723. [PMID: 32447640 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates a regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of gastric cancer (GC), but the mechanisms underlying their function have remained largely unknown. Recent microarray-based expression profiling has led to the identification of a novel differentially expressed lncRNA, LINC00858, in GC. Subsequently, LINC00858 was found to be highly expressed in GC tissues and cells. This study was designed to clarify the functional role of LINC00858 in GC, including its effect on methylation of the WNK2 gene promoter and its downstream MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS After exogenous over-expression and knockdown of LINC00858 and the addition of a MAPK pathway inhibitor in GC cells, we explored the effects of LINC00858 and the MAPK signaling pathway on GC cell behavior using various in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS LINC00858 was found to negatively regulate WNK2 expression by enhancing its promoter methylation and to activate the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that knockdown of LINC00858 or inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway resulted in decreased GC cell growth, migration and invasion, as well as decreased cell cycle progression, along with increased apoptosis and decreased tumorigenicity. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that silencing of LINC00858 increases WNK2 expression and inhibits the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting GC growth and development. Our data highlight LINC00858 as a potential target in GC therapy.
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Moro H, Hattori N, Nakamura Y, Kimura K, Imai T, Maeda M, Yashiro M, Ushijima T. Epigenetic priming sensitizes gastric cancer cells to irinotecan and cisplatin by restoring multiple pathways. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:105-115. [PMID: 31555951 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is heavily influenced by aberrant DNA methylation that alters multiple cancer-related pathways, and may respond to DNA demethylating agents, such as 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Here, we aimed to analyze whether 5-aza-dC can sensitize gastric cancer cells to clinically used cytotoxic drugs. METHODS Ten gastric cancer cell lines were treated with 5-aza-dC for 72 h and their growth was analyzed by conducting WST assay. In vivo effect of the drugs was analyzed using xenografts of OCUM-2 M/SN38 cells. Genome-wide expression and DNA methylation analyses were conducted using microarrays, and biological functions were identified through ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS The cell lines most resistant to SN38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan), CDDP, PTX, and 5-FU, were identified. 5-Aza-dC pre-treatment of the resistant cell lines decreased the IC50 values for SN38 (TMK1, 226.4 nM to 32.91 nM; 44As3, 128.2 nM to 19.32 nM; OCUM2 M/SN38, 74.43 nM to 16.47 nM) and CDDP (TMK1, 5.05 µM to 2.26 µM; OCUM2 M, 10.79 µM to 2.77 µM), but not PTX and 5-FU. The reactivation of apoptosis-related genes, such as RUNX3, PYCARD, TNF, FAS, and FASLG, was induced by pre-treatment with 5-aza-dC, and the DNA demethylation of promoter CpG islands of RUNX3 and PYCARD was confirmed. In a xenograft model with OCUM2 M/SN38, treatment with 5-aza-dC before irinotecan showed markedly enhanced tumor suppression. CONCLUSION Epigenetic priming with 5-aza-dC can improve the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to SN38 and CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Moro
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kana Kimura
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Course of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yamashita S, Nanjo S, Rehnberg E, Iida N, Takeshima H, Ando T, Maekita T, Sugiyama T, Ushijima T. Distinct DNA methylation targets by aging and chronic inflammation: a pilot study using gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:191. [PMID: 31829249 PMCID: PMC6907118 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant DNA methylation is induced by aging and chronic inflammation in normal tissues. The induction by inflammation is widely recognized as acceleration of age-related methylation. However, few studies addressed target genomic regions and the responsible factors in a genome-wide manner. Here, we analyzed methylation targets by aging and inflammation, taking advantage of the potent methylation induction in human gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori infection-triggered inflammation. Results DNA methylation microarray analysis of 482,421 CpG probes, grouped into 270,249 genomic blocks, revealed that high levels of methylation were induced in 44,461 (16.5%) genomic blocks by inflammation, even after correction of the influence of leukocyte infiltration. A total of 61.8% of the hypermethylation was acceleration of age-related methylation while 21.6% was specific to inflammation. Regions with H3K27me3 were frequently hypermethylated both by aging and inflammation. Basal methylation levels were essential for age-related hypermethylation while even regions with little basal methylation were hypermethylated by inflammation. When limited to promoter CpG islands, being a microRNA gene and high basal methylation levels strongly enhanced hypermethylation while H3K27me3 strongly enhanced inflammation-induced hypermethylation. Inflammation was capable of overriding active transcription. In young gastric mucosae, genes with high expression and frequent mutations in gastric cancers were more frequently methylated than in old ones. Conclusions Methylation by inflammation was not simple acceleration of age-related methylation. Targets of aberrant DNA methylation were different between young and old gastric mucosae, and driver genes were preferentially methylated in young gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sohachi Nanjo
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takao Maekita
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Guo M, Peng Y, Gao A, Du C, Herman JG. Epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer. Biomark Res 2019; 7:23. [PMID: 31695915 PMCID: PMC6824025 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. Tumor genotype variations among tumors within different patients are known as interpatient heterogeneity, and variability among multiple tumors of the same type arising in the same patient is referred to as intra-patient heterogeneity. Subpopulations of cancer cells with distinct phenotypic and molecular features within a tumor are called intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Since Nowell proposed the clonal evolution of tumor cell populations in 1976, tumor heterogeneity, especially ITH, was actively studied. Research has focused on the genetic basis of cancer, particularly mutational activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). The phenomenon of ITH is commonly explained by Darwinian-like clonal evolution of a single tumor. Despite the monoclonal origin of most cancers, new clones arise during tumor progression due to the continuous acquisition of mutations. It is clear that disruption of the "epigenetic machinery" plays an important role in cancer development. Aberrant epigenetic changes occur more frequently than gene mutations in human cancers. The epigenome is at the intersection of the environment and genome. Epigenetic dysregulation occurs in the earliest stage of cancer. The current trend of epigenetic therapy is to use epigenetic drugs to reverse and/or delay future resistance to cancer therapies. A majority of cancer therapies fail to achieve durable responses, which is often attributed to ITH. Epigenetic therapy may reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous cancer. Complete understanding of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity may assist in designing combinations of targeted therapies based on molecular information extracted from individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Guo
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052 China
| | - Yaojun Peng
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Aiai Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Chen Du
- 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - James G Herman
- 3The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Canonical and Non-canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2830-2842. [PMID: 30997579 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that dysregulation of Wnt signaling by gene mutation and abnormal gene expression is one of the causative factors for gastric cancer (GC). So far, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of gene mutation, gene expression, and DNA methylation profiles of the Wnt pathway associated with gastric carcinogenesis, however, has not yet been reported. AIMS To this end, we investigated all the above-mentioned genetic alterations associated with the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in GC tumors, in order to understand the molecular mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The information on gene mutations and expression was obtained from data resources, such as TCGA, GSEA, and TCGA-STAD, and was analyzed with the cBioPortal platform. We also performed in vitro analysis on DDK2 gene, a Wnt inhibitor, to characterize its role in GC tumor cells. RESULTS We found that gene mutations of 43 Wnt genes and abnormal expression of 13 Wnt genes occurred at a high frequency in GC tumors, and gene amplification and deletion are the major mutation types. Clusters of DNA methylation associated with Wnt signaling genes and GC tumors were also revealed, and a significant increase in β-catenin activity was found in the hypermethylated group of GC tumors. In addition, overexpression of DKK2 gene significantly inhibited multiple biological processes of the GC cells, including their growth, clonal forming, migration, and invasion ability, and induced apoptosis of the GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggested that gene mutation, abnormal gene expression, and altered DNA methylation profiles associated with the Wnt signaling may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, and DKK2 gene may act as a tumor suppressor in gastric cells.
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Abstract
An organ-specific chronic inflammation–remodeling–carcinoma sequence has been proposed, mainly for the alimentary tract. As representative diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic gastritis and inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease of the colitis type) were adopted for this discussion. Tissue remodeling is such an important part of tumorigenesis in this sequence that an organ-specific chronic inflammation–remodeling–carcinoma sequence has been proposed in detail. Chronic inflammation accelerates the cycle of tissue injury and regeneration; in other words, cell necrosis (or apoptosis) and proliferation result in tissue remodeling in long-standing cases of inflammation. Remodeling encompasses epithelial cell metaplasia and stromal fibrosis, and modifies epithelial–stromal cell interactions. Further, the accumulation of genetic, epigenetic and molecular changes—as well as morphologic disorganization—also occurs during tissue remodeling. The expression of mucosal tissue adapted to chronic inflammatory injury is thought to occur at an early stage. Subsequently, dysplasia and carcinoma develop on a background of remodeling due to continuous, active inflammation. Accordingly, organ-specific chronic inflammation should be ameliorated or well controlled with appropriate monitoring if complete healing is unachievable.
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Jinjia C, Xiaoyu W, Hui S, Wenhua L, Zhe Z, Xiaodong Z, Midie X. The use of DNA repair genes as prognostic indicators of gastric cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:4866-4875. [PMID: 31598158 PMCID: PMC6775511 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers in many types of cancer. We aimed to identify prognostic DNA repair genes in patients with gastric cancer (GC) by systematically bioinformatic approaches using web-based database. Global gene expression profiles from altogether 1,325 GC patients' samples from six independent datasets were included in the study. Clustering analysis was performed to screen potentially abnormal DNA repair genes related to the prognosis of GC, followed by unsupervised clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of GC. Characteristics and prognosis differences were analyzed among these molecular subtypes, and modular key genes in molecular subtypes were identified based on changes in expression correlation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to find the independent prognostic gene. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used to estimate correlations of key DNA repair genes with GC patients'overall survival. There were 57 key genes significantly associated to GC patients' prognosis, and patients were stratified into three molecular clusters based on their expression profiles, in which patients in Cluster 3 showed the best survival (P < 0.05). After a three-phase training, test and validation process, the expression profile of 13 independent key DNA repair genes were identified can classify the prognostic risk of patients. Compared with patients with low-risk score, patients with high risk score in the training set had shorter overall survival (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, we verified equivalent findings by these key DNA repair genes in the test set (P < 0.0001) and the independent validation set (P = 0.0024). Our results suggest a great potential for the use of DNA repair gene profiling as a powerful marker in prognostication and inform treatment decisions for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jinjia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang Xiaoyu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sun Hui
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Wenhua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhang Zhe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhu Xiaodong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Midie
- Department of Pathology & biobank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Pei Y, Tang Z, Cai M, Yao Q, Xie B, Zhang X. The E2F3/miR-125a/DKK3 regulatory axis promotes the development and progression of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:212. [PMID: 31423109 PMCID: PMC6693087 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumours with high mortality and metastasis rates. E2F3, miR-125a and DKK3 have been reported to be involved in various cancer types, but their detailed roles in GC have not been fully understood. Methods A QRT-PCR assay was used to examine the expression of E2F3, miR-125a and DKK3 in metastatic and nonmetastatic GC tissues. DKK3 plasmids, DKK3 shRNA, miR-125a mimic and miR-125a inhibitor were transfected into BGC823 cells to evaluate the biological functions of DKK3 and miR-125a. A scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay were utilized to determine the migratory and invasive ability of BGC823 cells transfected with the DKK3 plasmids, DKK3 shRNA, miR-125a mimic and miR-125a inhibitor. Moreover, qRT-PCR and WB analysis were used to analyse the mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis-related genes after proper transfection. The target relationship between miR-125a and the DKK3 mRNA 3′UTR was determined by a dual luciferase reporter assay, while the interaction between E2F3 and miR-125a was analysed by a ChIP assay. Results The clinical data showed that the DKK3 expression level in metastatic GC samples was significantly less than that in nonmetastatic GC samples, whereas the E2F3 and miR-125a expression levels in metastatic GC samples were notably greater than those in nonmetastatic GC samples. Moreover, knockdown of DKK3 and overexpression of miR-125a markedly promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of metastasis-related genes, including N-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP2 and MMP9, were markedly decreased in the DKK3 and miR-125a inhibitor groups compared to their control groups and markedly increased in the DKK3 shRNA and miR-125a groups compared with the control group. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay showed that E2F3 binds to the miR-125a promoter and that the DKK3 mRNA 3′UTR is a direct target of miR-125a. Furthermore, analysis of Kaplan–Meier curves also confirmed the regulatory role of E2F3 on miR-125a. Additionally, BGC823 cells transfected with E2F3 plasmids and shRNA downregulated and upregulated the expression of DKK3, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested that E2F3 might play a tumour-promoting role in the metastasis and progression of GC by regulating the miR-125a/DKK3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- 1Central Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, No. 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Zhiteng Tang
- 2Department of Pathology, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Minjing Cai
- 3Department of Center of Clinical Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Qin Yao
- 1Central Laboratory, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, No. 201 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Bozhen Xie
- 4Department of Spine Surgery, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 5Department of Rehabilitation, ZhongShan Hospital XiaMen University, Xiamen, 361004 Fujian China
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Wang T, Qin Y, Lai H, Wei W, Li Z, Yang Y, Huang M, Chen J. The prognostic value of ADRA1 subfamily genes in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3150-3158. [PMID: 31452791 PMCID: PMC6704286 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic receptor α1 (ADRA1) subfamily members, including ADRA1A, ADRA1B and ADRA1D, are understood to participate in cardiac disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In addition, adrenergic signals in cell pathways can promote the development of cancer. However, little is understood regarding the associations between ADRA1 subfamily members and gastric carcinoma (GC). The present study investigated the prognostic value of the ADRA1 subfamily genes in GC. Data from a total of 379 patients with GC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to determine associations with overall survival (OS) and to evaluate the median survival time using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that low expression levels of ADRA1A (HR, 0.595; 95% CI, 0.426–0.831; adjusted P=0.002) ADRA1B (HR, 0.576; 95% CI, 0.412–0.805; adjusted P=0.001) and ADRA1D (HR, 0.559; 95% CI, 0.398–0.787; adjusted P=0.001) were associated with a favourable OS. Joint-effects analysis demonstrated that combinations of low expression levels of ARDA1A, ARDA1B and ARDA1D were significantly associated with a favourable OS. Overall, the current results suggested that the mRNA expression levels of ARDA1 subfamily members may serve as potential prognostic markers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiansi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Identification of early genetic changes in well-differentiated intramucosal gastric carcinoma by target deep sequencing. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:742-750. [PMID: 30756200 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The recent advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the identification of cancer-related somatic aberrations in advanced gastric cancer. However, these remain unclear in early gastric cancers, especially in intramucosal gastric cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-one well-differentiated (tub1) intramucosal gastric cancers obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from 29 patients were analyzed. After precise collection of tumors and non-tumors from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using laser-captured microdissection (LCM), target sequencing analysis of 50 cancer-related genes was performed using an Ion-Proton sequencer. RESULTS The most frequent hotspot mutation was found in TP53 (17 lesions, 54.8%) followed by the Wnt-signaling pathway genes, APC and CTNNB1 (6 lesions, 19.4%). The mutations in TP53 and the Wnt-signaling genes were mutually exclusive (p = 0.004). There was a tendency that H. pylori infection (p = 0.082) and macroscopic protrusion (p = 0.095) was associated with the presence of these mutations. Only 10 lesions (59%) among 17 lesions with proven TP53 mutations were positive for p53 immunostaining demonstrating the superiority of the mutational analysis. In addition, focal gene amplification of ERBB2 (16%) was found frequently in these early stage lesions. CONCLUSIONS Using LCM and NGS, mutations in TP53 and the Wnt-signaling pathway were frequently found and were mutually exclusive in the earliest stage of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Fu R, Wang X, Hu Y, Du H, Dong B, Ao S, Zhang L, Sun Z, Zhang L, Lv G, Ji J. Solamargine inhibits gastric cancer progression by regulating the expression of lncNEAT1_2 via the MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1545-1554. [PMID: 30864686 PMCID: PMC6438418 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solamargine, a derivative from the steroidal solasodine in Solanum species, has exhibited anticancer activities in numerous types of cancer; however, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, it was demonstrated that Solamargine suppressed the viability of five gastric cancer cell lines in a dose‑dependent manner and induced notable alterations in morphology. Treatment with Solamargine promoted cell apoptosis (P<0.01). Solamargine increased the expression of long noncoding RNA (lnc) p53 induced transcript and lnc nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1)_2 (P<0.01) in GC by reducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK). To gain insight into the potential mechanism, an Erk1/2 inhibitor (U0126) was applied. The results revealed that lncNEAT1_2 expression levels increased, which was consistent with the effects of Solamargine. Downregulation of lncNEAT1_2 in GC cells revealed no effect on the expression levels of total Erk1/2 and, and counteracted the effect of Solamargine. Solamargine was observed to increase the expression of lncNEAT1_2 via the Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. Of note, the knockdown of lncNEAT1_2 reduced the inhibitory effect of Solamargine (P<0.05). Additionally, experiments in vivo and in primary GC cells from patients demonstrated that Solamargine significantly suppressed tumor growth (P<0.05). In vivo analysis of a xenograft mouse model further supported that Solamargine could induce the apoptosis of cancer cells in tumor tissue as observed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP‑biotin nick end labeling and H&E staining (P<0.05). Experiments in primary GC cells from patients verified the anti‑tumor effect of Solamargine. In summary, the findings of the present study indicated that Solamargine inhibited the progression of GC by regulating lncNeat1_2 via the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjia Fu
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Central Biobank, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Central Biobank, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Sun
- K2 Oncology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100061, P.R. China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Helicobacter pylori-induced DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Modulator of Gastric Cancer: Recent Outcomes and Future Direction. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010023. [PMID: 30781778 PMCID: PMC6471032 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked fifth in cancer list and has the third highest mortality rate. Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen and a predominant etiological factor of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection may induce carcinogenesis via epigenetic alterations in the promoter region of various genes. H. pylori is known to induce hypermethylation-silencing of several tumor suppressor genes in H. pylori-infected cancerous and H. pylori-infected non-cancerous gastric mucosae. This article presents a review of the published literature mainly from the last year 15 years. The topic focuses on H. pylori-induced DNA methylation linked to gastric cancer development. The authors have used MeSH terms "Helicobacter pylori" with "epigenetic," "DNA methylation," in combination with "gastric inflammation", gastritis" and "gastric cancer" to search SCOPUS, PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science databases. The success of epigenetic drugs such as de-methylating agents in the treatment of certain cancers has led towards new prospects that similar approaches could also be applied against gastric cancer. However, it is very important to understand the role of all the genes that have already been linked to H. pylori-induced DNA methylation in order to in order to evaluate the potential benefits of epigenetic drugs.
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45
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Fluctuations of epigenetic regulations in human gastric Adenocarcinoma: How does it affect? Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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46
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Hewitt LC, Saito Y, Wang T, Matsuda Y, Oosting J, Silva ANS, Slaney HL, Melotte V, Hutchins G, Tan P, Yoshikawa T, Arai T, Grabsch HI. KRAS status is related to histological phenotype in gastric cancer: results from a large multicentre study. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:1193-1203. [PMID: 31111275 PMCID: PMC6811379 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is histologically a very heterogeneous disease, and the temporal development of different histological phenotypes remains unclear. Recent studies in lung and ovarian cancer suggest that KRAS activation (KRASact) can influence histological phenotype. KRASact likely results from KRAS mutation (KRASmut) or KRAS amplification (KRASamp). The aim of the study was to investigate whether KRASmut and/or KRASamp are related to the histological phenotype in GC. METHODS Digitized haematoxylin/eosin-stained slides from 1282 GC resection specimens were classified according to Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) and the Lauren classification by at least two observers. The relationship between KRAS status, predominant histological phenotype and clinicopathological variables was assessed. RESULTS KRASmut and KRASamp were found in 68 (5%) and 47 (7%) GCs, respectively. Within the KRASmut and KRASamp cases, the most frequent GC histological phenotype was moderately differentiated tubular 2 (tub2) type (KRASmut: n = 27, 40%; KRASamp: n = 21, 46%) or intestinal type (KRASmut: n = 41, 61%; KRASamp: n = 23, 50%). Comparing individual histological subtypes, mucinous carcinoma displayed the highest frequency of KRASmut (JGCA: n = 6, 12%, p = 0.012; Lauren: n = 6, 12%, p = 0.013), and KRASamp was more frequently found in poorly differentiated solid type (n = 12, 10%, p = 0.267) or indeterminate type (n = 12, 10%, p = 0.480) GC. 724 GCs (57%) had intratumour morphological heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest GC study investigating KRAS status and histological phenotype. We identified a relationship between KRASmut and mucinous phenotype. The high level of intratumour morphological heterogeneity could reflect KRASmut heterogeneity, which may explain the failure of anti-EGFR therapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan ,Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaldo N. S. Silva
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hayley L. Slaney
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon Hutchins
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Samadani AA, Norollahi SE, Rashidy-Pour A, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Nemati S, Joukar F, Afshar AM, Ghazanfari S, Safizadeh M, Rostami P, Gatei M. Cancer signaling pathways with a therapeutic approach: An overview in epigenetic regulations of cancer stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:590-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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48
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Xiong W, Deng Z, Tang Y, Deng Z, Li M. Downregulation of KMT2D suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:129-136. [PMID: 30177394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histone lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D/MLL2) is a known cancer-related protein; however, its function in gastric cancer (GC) remains uncharacterized. The present study sought to investigate the expression pattern and the role of KMT2D in GC. METHODS The expression of KMT2D were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels, while its clinico-pathological value were further explored. GC cells were transfected with KMT2D knockdown siRNAs or lentiviruses, and then detected by cell counting kit-8, plate clone formation, cell apoptosis, cycle, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis assays. RESULTS Overexpression of KMT2D was observed in GC samples, and was strongly associated with poor survival. Depletion of KMT2D suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the upregulation of KMT2D in GC tissue, and KMT2D modulates proliferation and apoptosis in GC. Therefore, KMT2D might represent a novel oncogene for prognosis and optimal treatment of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxuan Deng
- Department of Digestive System, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Zhenwei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Digestive System, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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49
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Yuan HL, Wang T, Zhang KH. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3891-3900. [PMID: 30013369 PMCID: PMC6039071 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of endoscopy and conventional tumor biomarkers, gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to its late diagnosis and poor response to treatment. Valuable and practical biomarkers are urgently needed to screen patients with a high risk of GC that can complement endoscopic diagnosis. Such biomarkers will enable the efficient prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis of GC patients and favor the establishment of an effective treatment strategy for each and every patient. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA sequences that play important roles in modulating key biological processes by regulating the expression of target genes. Expectedly, miRNAs are abnormally expressed within the tumor tissue and in associated biological fluids of GC patients including their blood, gastric juice, and urine. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs are potential biomarkers with multiple diagnostic functions for GC. Here, we review recent advances and challenges in using miRNAs, particularly biofluid miRNAs, as GC biomarkers with potential clinical applications including diagnosing, clinically staging, and predicting malignant behaviors, therapy response, recurrence after surgery and survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Liang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Nanchang, People's Republic of China,
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50
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Gao JP, Xu W, Liu WT, Yan M, Zhu ZG. Tumor heterogeneity of gastric cancer: From the perspective of tumor-initiating cell. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2567-2581. [PMID: 29962814 PMCID: PMC6021770 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common and malignant types of cancer due to its rapid progression, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy, although efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanism of this resistance and to improve clinical outcome. It is well recognized that tumor heterogeneity, a fundamental feature of malignancy, plays an essential role in the cancer development and chemoresistance. The model of tumor-initiating cell (TIC) has been proposed to explain the genetic, histological, and phenotypical heterogeneity of GC. TIC accounts for a minor subpopulation of tumor cells with key characteristics including high tumorigenicity, maintenance of self-renewal potential, giving rise to both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding tumor-initiating cell of GC (GATIC), substantial studies have been performed to (1) identify the putative specific cell markers for purification and functional validation of GATICs; (2) trace the origin of GATICs; and (3) decode the regulatory mechanism of GATICs. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate the plasticity of GATIC and the interaction between GATIC and its surrounding factors (TIC niche or tumor microenvironment). All these investigations pave the way for the development of GATIC-targeted therapy, which is in the phase of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Here, we interpret the heterogeneity of GC from the perspectives of TIC by reviewing the above-mentioned fundamental and clinical studies of GATICs. Problems encountered during the GATIC investigations and the potential solutions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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