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Comparison of growth performance among channel-blue hybrid catfish, ccGH transgenic channel catfish, and channel catfish in a tank culture system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:740. [PMID: 35031641 PMCID: PMC8760261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is an essential source of high-quality protein for people worldwide. The present study was designed to compare the growth performance among the channel-blue hybrid catfish, channel catfish transgenic for the channel catfish growth hormone (ccGH) cDNA driven by the antifreeze protein promoter from an ocean pout Zoarces americanus (opAFP-ccGH), and non-transgenic channel catfish control. Mean body weight of channel-blue hybrid catfish was 15.80 and 24.06% larger than non-transgenic channel catfish control at 4 and 18 months of age, respectively. However, transgenic opAFP-ccGH channel catfish were 5.52 and 43.41% larger than channel-blue hybrid catfish and 22.19 and 77.91% larger than their controls at 4 and 18 months of age, respectively. Significant differences in mean body weight between the sexes within all genetic types were found. Males were larger than females (P < 0.001). However, mean body weight of non-transgenic males was not larger than transgenic opAFP-ccGH females or male and female hybrid catfish. Condition factor of transgenic opAFP-ccGH channel catfish was higher (P < 0.05) than that of full-sibling, non-transgenic channel catfish and hybrid catfish. The mean percentage body weight gain of GH transgenic channel catfish was 559%, the channel-blue hybrid catfish was 384.9% and their non-transgenic controls channel catfish was 352.6%.
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Abass NY, Su B, Alsaqufi A, Elaswad A, Qin Z, Li H, Odin R, Ye Z, Dunham RA. Growth Differences of Growth Hormone Transgenic Female and Male Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Grown in Earthen Ponds to Sexual Maturation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:870-880. [PMID: 34595591 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study compared growth performance between female and male transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, containing channel catfish growth hormone full-length cDNA driven by the ocean pout antifreeze protein promoter, opAFP-ccGH, the rainbow trout metallothionein promoter, rtMT-ccGH, or both constructs, and their non-transgenic siblings in earthen ponds at 16 and 48 months of age. Body weight between the transgenic and their non-transgenic siblings differed (P < 0.001) at all ages. Transgenic F2 opAFP-ccGH grew 1.51- to 2.58-, F2 rtMT-ccGH grew 1.44- to 2.99- and F1fish transgenic for both constructs grew 1.36- to 2.92- fold larger than their non-transgenic sibling controls, depending upon age and sex. Body weight of the transgenic GH males was significantly higher than those of the transgenic GH females at 16 months of age (P < 0.001). However, body weight of the transgenic GH females was significantly higher (P < 0.001) compared with those of the transgenic GH males at 48 months of age, but not for the double transgenics (P > 0.05). In the case of non-transgenic GH siblings, males were larger than females at both 16 and 48 months of age (P < 0.001). Sexually dimorphic responses to GH transgenes were the opposite after sexual maturation. When critically low dissolved oxygen levels were encountered, survival of transgenic male and female opAFP-ccGH channel catfish was lower than that of controls (P = 0.004), as well as rtMT-ccGH females (P = 0.11), which is not surprising since the largest fish are most likely to succumb during an oxygen depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Y Abass
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21531, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ahmed Alsaqufi
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Aquaculture and Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elaswad
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hanbo Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ramjie Odin
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Mindanao State University - Maguindanao, Datu Odin Sinsuat, 9601, Maguindanao, Philippines
| | - Zhi Ye
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Huang Y, Bugg W, Bangs M, Qin G, Drescher D, Backenstose N, Weng CC, Zhang Y, Khalil K, Dong S, Elaswad A, Ye Z, Lu C, Vo K, Simora RM, Ma X, Taylor Z, Yang Y, Zhou T, Guo J, Salze G, Qin Z, Wang Y, Dunham RA. Direct and pleiotropic effects of the Masou Salmon Delta-5 Desaturase transgene in F1 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Transgenic Res 2021; 30:185-200. [PMID: 33792795 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the primary culture species in the US along with its hybrid made with male blue catfish, I. furcatus. In an effort to improve the nutritional value of channel catfish, the masou salmon Δ5-desaturase like gene (D5D) driven by the common carp beta-actin promoter (βactin) was inserted into channel catfish. The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of βactin-D5D for improving n-3 fatty acid production in F1 transgenic channel catfish, as well as examine pleiotropic effects on growth, proximate analysis, disease resistance, and other performance traits. Transgenic F1 channel catfish showed a 33% increase in the relative proportion of n-3 fatty acids coupled with a 15% decrease in n-6 fatty acids and a 17% decrease in n-9 fatty acids when compared to non-transgenic full-siblings (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). However, while the relative proportion of n-3 fatty acids was achieved, the total amount of fatty acids in the transgenic fish decreased resulting in a reduction of all fatty acids. Insertion of the βactin-D5D transgene into channel catfish also had large effects on the body composition, and growth of channel catfish. Transgenic channel catfish grew faster, were more disease resistant, had higher protein and moisture percentage, but lower fat percentage than full-sib controls. There were sex effects as performance changes were more dramatic and significant in males. The βactin-D5D transgenic channel catfish were also more uniform in their fatty acid composition, growth and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Huang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - William Bugg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Max Bangs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA
| | - Guyu Qin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Drescher
- Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Department of Fisheries, 39015-A 172nd Ave SE, Auburn, WA, 98092, USA
| | - Nathan Backenstose
- Department of Biological Sciences, University At Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Chia Chen Weng
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yiliu Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Karim Khalil
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sheng Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ahmed Elaswad
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7350, USA
| | - Cuiyu Lu
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Khoi Vo
- Department of Aquacultures and Technology, Can Tho Technical Economic College, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Rhoda Mae Simora
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, 5023, Iloilo, Philippines
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zachary Taylor
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jingping Guo
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Zhenkui Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Alves VM, Hernández MIM. Morphometric Modifications in Canthon quinquemaculatus Castelnau 1840 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): Sublethal Effects of Transgenic Maize? INSECTS 2017; 8:insects8040115. [PMID: 29065452 PMCID: PMC5746798 DOI: 10.3390/insects8040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of transgenic compounds on non-target organisms remain poorly understood, especially in native insect species. Morphological changes (e.g., changes in body size and shape) may reflect possible responses to environmental stressors, like transgenic toxins. The dung beetle Canthon quinquemaculatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) is a non-target species found in transgenic crops. We evaluated whether C. quinquemaculatus individuals inhabiting corn fields cultivated with different seed types (conventional, creole and transgenic) present modifications in body shape compared to individuals inhabiting adjacent native forest fragments. We collected C. quinquemaculatus specimens across an agricultural landscape in southern Brazil, during the summer of 2015. Six populations were sampled: three maize crop populations each under a different seed type, and three populations of adjacent forests. After sampling, specimens were subjected to morphometric analyses to discover differences in body shape. We chose fifteen landmarks to describe body shape, and morphometric data were tested with Procrustes ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis. We found that body shape did not differ between individuals collected in conventional and creole crops with their respective adjacent forests (p > 0.05); however, transgenic crop populations differed significantly from those collected in adjacent forests (p < 0.05). Insects in transgenic maize are more oval and have a retraction in the abdominal region, compared with the respective adjacent forest, this result shows the possible effect of transgenic crops on non-target species. This may have implications for the ecosystem service of organic matter removal, carried out by these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Michelon Alves
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brasil.
| | - Malva Isabel Medina Hernández
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brasil.
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Growth-Enhanced Transgenic Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Strains Have Varied Success in Simulated Streams: Implications for Risk Assessment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169991. [PMID: 28068416 PMCID: PMC5222502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish have accelerated growth and could improve production efficiency in aquaculture. However, concern exists regarding potential environmental risks of GH transgenic fish should they escape rearing facilities. While environmental effects have been examined in some GH transgenic models, there is a lack of information on whether effects differ among different constructs or strains of transgenic fish. We compared growth and survival of wild-type coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fry, a fast-growing GH transgenic strain containing a metallothionein promoter (TMT), and three lines/strains containing a reportedly weaker histone-3 promoter (TH3) in hatchery conditions and semi-natural stream tanks with varying levels of natural food and predators. Rank order of genotype size and survival differed with varying environmental conditions, both within and among experiments. Despite accelerated growth in hatchery conditions, TMT fry gained little or no growth enhancement in stream conditions, had enhanced survival when food was limiting, and inconsistent survival under other conditions. Rank growth was inconsistent in TH3 strains, with one strain having highest, and two strains having the lowest growth in stream conditions, although all TH3 strains had consistently poor survival. These studies demonstrate the importance of determining risk estimates for each unique transgenic model independent of other models.
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The use of genetic engineering techniques to improve the lipid composition in meat, milk and fish products: a review. Animal 2014; 9:696-706. [PMID: 25500170 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The health-promoting properties of dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) for humans are well-known. Products of animal-origin enriched with n-3 LCPUFAs can be a good example of functional food, that is food that besides traditionally understood nutritional value may have a beneficial influence on the metabolism and health of consumers, thus reducing the risk of various lifestyle diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The traditional method of enriching meat, milk or eggs with n-3 LCPUFA is the manipulation of the composition of animal diets. Huge progress in the development of genetic engineering techniques, for example transgenesis, has enabled the generation of many kinds of genetically modified animals. In recent years, one of the aims of animal transgenesis has been the modification of the lipid composition of meat and milk in order to improve the dietetic value of animal-origin products. This article reviews and discusses the data in the literature concerning studies where techniques of genetic engineering were used to create animal-origin products modified to contain health-promoting lipids. These studies are still at the laboratory stage, but their results have demonstrated that the transgenesis of pigs, cows, goats and fishes can be used in the future as efficient methods of production of healthy animal-origin food of high dietetic value. However, due to high costs and a low level of public acceptance, the introduction of this technology to commercial animal production and markets seems to be a distant prospect.
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Zhu T, Zhang T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hu W, Zhu Z. Effects of growth hormone (GH) transgene and nutrition on growth and bone development in common carp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 319:451-60. [PMID: 23744555 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on effects of growth hormone transgene and nutrition on growth and development of aquatic animals. Here, we present a study to test these effects with growth-enhanced transgenic common carp under two nutritional conditions or feeding rations (i.e., 5% and 10% of fish body weight per day). Compared with the nontransgenic fish, the growth rates of the transgenic fish increased significantly in both feeding rations. The shape of the pharyngeal bone was similar among treatments, but the transgenic fish had relatively smaller and lighter pharyngeal bone compared with the nontransgenic fish. Calcium content of the pharyngeal bone of the transgenic fish was significantly lower than that of the nontransgenic fish. Feeding ration also affected growth rate but less of an effect on bone development. By manipulating intrinsic growth and controlling for both environment (e.g., feeding ration) and genetic background or genotype (e.g., transgenic or not), this study provides empirical evidence that the genotype has a stronger effect than the environment on pharyngeal bone development. The pharyngeal bone strength could be reduced by decreased calcium content and calcification in the transgenic carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cows I, Bolland J, Nunn A, Kerins G, Stein J, Blackburn J, Hart A, Henry C, Britton JR, Coop G, Peeler E. Defining environmental risk assessment criteria for genetically modified fishes to be placed on the EU market. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2010.en-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I.G. Cows
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - J.D. Bolland
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - A.D. Nunn
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - G. Kerins
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - J. Stein
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - J. Blackburn
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - A. Hart
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - C. Henry
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - J. R. Britton
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - G. Coop
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
| | - E. Peeler
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, Food and Environmental Research Agency, Bournemouth University, Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
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GH overexpression causes muscle hypertrophy independent from local IGF-I in a zebrafish transgenic model. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:513-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lõhmus M, Sundström LF, Björklund M, Devlin RH. Genotype-temperature interaction in the regulation of development, growth, and morphometrics in wild-type, and growth-hormone transgenic coho salmon. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9980. [PMID: 20376315 PMCID: PMC2848618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroendocrine system is an important modulator of phenotype, directing cellular genetic responses to external cues such as temperature. Behavioural and physiological processes in poikilothermic organisms (e.g. most fishes), are particularly influenced by surrounding temperatures. Methodology/Principal Findings By comparing the development and growth of two genotypes of coho salmon (wild-type and transgenic with greatly enhanced growth hormone production) at six different temperatures, ranging between 8° and 18°C, we observed a genotype-temperature interaction and possible trend in directed neuroendocrine selection. Differences in growth patterns of the two genotypes were compared by using mathematical models, and morphometric analyses of juvenile salmon were performed to detect differences in body shape. The maximum hatching and alevin survival rates of both genotypes occurred at 12°C. At lower temperatures, eggs containing embryos with enhanced GH production hatched after a shorter incubation period than wild-type eggs, but this difference was not apparent at and above 16°C. GH transgenesis led to lower body weights at the time when the yolk sack was completely absorbed compared to the wild genotype. The growth of juvenile GH-enhanced salmon was to a greater extent stimulated by higher temperatures than the growth of the wild-type. Increased GH production significantly influenced the shape of the salmon growth curves. Conclusions Growth hormone overexpression by transgenesis is able to stimulate the growth of coho salmon over a wide range of temperatures. Temperature was found to affect growth rate, survival, and body morphology between GH transgenic and wild genotype coho salmon, and differential responses to temperature observed between the genotypes suggests they would experience different selective forces should they ever enter natural ecosystems. Thus, GH transgenic fish would be expected to differentially respond and adapt to shifts in environmental conditions compared with wild type, influencing their ability to survive and interact in ecosystems. Understanding these relationships would assist environmental risk assessments evaluating potential ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Lõhmus
- Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Li D, Hu W, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Fu C. Reduced swimming abilities in fast-growing transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio associated with their morphological variations. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:186-197. [PMID: 20735532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Critical swimming speeds (U(crit)) and morphological characters were compared between the F(4) generation of GH-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio and the non-transgenic controls. Transgenic fish displayed a mean absolute U(crit) value 22.3% lower than the controls. Principal component analysis identified variations in body shape, with transgenic fish having significantly deeper head, longer caudal length of the dorsal region, longer standard length (L(S)) and shallower body and caudal region, and shorter caudal length of the ventral region. Swimming speeds were related to the combination of deeper body and caudal region, longer caudal length of the ventral region, shallower head depth, shorter caudal length of dorsal region and L(S). These findings suggest that morphological variations which are poorly suited to produce maximum thrust and minimum drag in GH-transgenic C. carpio may be responsible for their lower swimming abilities in comparison with non-transgenic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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12
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Raven PA, Uh M, Sakhrani D, Beckman BR, Cooper K, Pinter J, Leder EH, Silverstein J, Devlin RH. Endocrine effects of growth hormone overexpression in transgenic coho salmon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 159:26-37. [PMID: 18713628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-transgenic (wild-type) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), growth hormone (GH) transgenic salmon (with highly elevated growth rates), and GH transgenic salmon pair fed a non-transgenic ration level (and thus growing at the non-transgenic rate) were examined for plasma hormone concentrations, and liver, muscle, hypothalamus, telencephalon, and pituitary mRNA levels. GH transgenic salmon exhibited increased plasma GH levels, and enhanced liver, muscle and hypothalamic GH mRNA levels. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF-I mRNA levels in liver and muscle, were higher in fully fed transgenic than non-transgenic fish. GHR mRNA levels in transgenic fish were unaffected by ration-restriction, whereas plasma GH was increased and plasma IGF-I and liver IGF-I mRNA were decreased to wild-type levels. These data reveal that strong nutritional modulation of IGF-I production remains even in the presence of constitutive ectopic GH expression in these transgenic fish. Liver GHR membrane protein levels were not different from controls, whereas, in muscle, GHR levels were elevated approximately 5-fold in transgenic fish. Paracrine stimulation of IGF-I by ectopic GH production in non-pituitary tissues is suggested by increased basal cartilage sulphation observed in the transgenic salmon. Levels of mRNA for growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and cholecystokinin (CCK) did not differ between groups. Despite its role in appetite stimulation, neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA was not found to be elevated in transgenic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Raven
- Department of Fisheries & Oceans, Centre for Aquaculture & Environmental Research, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rasmussen RS, Morrissey MT. Biotechnology in Aquaculture: Transgenics and Polyploidy. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yiu-Kwong Leung M, Kwok-Keung Ho W. Production, characterization and applications of mouse anti-grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) growth hormone monoclonal antibodies. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:107-15. [PMID: 16352451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mouse anti-grass carp growth hormone (gcGH) monoclonal antibody (MAb) secretors were produced by PEG-mediated fusion of NS-1 myeloma cells and splenic B-lymphocytes of gcGH hyper-immunized mice. Positive secretors were screened by direct ELISA and cloned by limiting dilution. Three positive secretors, 21D3, 22G5 and 23B3, were obtained in a single fusion trial. Anti-gcGH MAbs were produced by growing hybridomas in the peritoneal cavity of pristane-primed mouse. The three MAbs were isotyped to be IgG2a, IgG2b and IgM, respectively. IgG MAbs were purified from ascitic fluid by Hitrap protein G column and IgM MAb was purified by gel filtration chromatography. The purified MAbs were highly specific and had moderate binding affinity. The MAbs were successfully used for the purification of native gcGH from mature grass carp pituitary extract by one-step immunoaffinity chromatography, for the quantification of gcGH by competitive sandwich ELISA, and for the probing of somatotropes in grass carp pituitary by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yiu-Kwong Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, BMSB, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, P.R. China
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