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Shida Y, Hakariya T, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Miyata Y, Sakai H. Preoperative Predictors of Lymph Node Invasion and Biochemical Recurrence in High-risk Prostate Cancer. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:49-54. [PMID: 35400005 PMCID: PMC8962846 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the preoperative predictors of pathological lymph node (LN) metastasis and prognostic factors for postoperative biochemical recurrence (BCR) in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic LN dissection in patients with D'Amico high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 107 patients with D'Amico high-risk PCa underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic LN dissection without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. BCR was defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ≥0.2 ng/ml. Moreover, BCR-free survival rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate preoperative predictors of pathological LN metastasis. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of preoperative and pathologic variables on BCR. RESULTS The median follow-up was 21 months, and the 5-year BCR-free survival rate was 59.8%. The positive LN rate was 21.5%. In multivariate analysis, the percentage of positive cores was a significant preoperative predictor of positive LNs. Patients with >50% positive cores (p=0.004) and PSA density (PSAD) >0.5 ng/ml/cc (p=0.005) had a high risk of having ≥3 positive LNs. In multivariate analysis, PSAD >0.5% was a significant preoperative predictor of BCR. Among the postoperative predictors, the number of positive LNs was significantly associated with BCR. Patients with ≥3 positive LNs (n=7) had significantly lower BCR-free survival rates than patients with one or two positive LNs (n=16) (p<0.001). Patients with >50% positive cores and PSAD >0.5 ng/ml/cc had a risk for a high number of positive LNs (≥3) that was strongly associated with shorter BCR-free survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The percentage of positive cores may be useful as a preoperative predictor of pathological LN metastasis in patients with high-risk PCa. Patients with >50% positive cores and PSAD >0.5 ng/ml/cc were found to have a high risk for ≥3 positive LNs and shorter BCR-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shida
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hakariya
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Nkengurutse G, Tian F, Jiang S, Wang Q, Wang Y, Sun W. Preoperative Predictors of Biochemical Recurrence-Free Survival in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Following Radical Prostatectomy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1761. [PMID: 33014867 PMCID: PMC7511762 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: D'Amico high-risk prostate cancer (Pca) patients experience poor and heterogeneous oncological outcomes. This heterogeneity highlights a need to extensively explore factors associated with poor outcomes to guide decision-making. Objective: To assess predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival in high-risk patients following radical prostatectomy (RP), and subsequently establish a model predicting outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively identified D'Amico high-risk non-metastatic Pca patients who underwent RP between 2013 and 2019 in our hospital. We collected data including PSA level, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score (GS), number of D'Amico high-risk factors (RF), the inflammatory status (Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], derived NLR [dNLR], platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] and LDH). Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyze BCR-free survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the association between clinicopathological parameters and BCR-free survival. Results: The median follow-up time for the 101 patients' cohort was 26 months (range: 3-81 months). The number of RF (1RF vs. ≥2RF), biopsy GS (<8 vs. ≥8), clinical stage (≤cT2c vs. >cT2c), pathological stage, and the presence of adverse pathological features were significant predictors of BCR (P < 0.05). Other parameters including inflammatory status (dNLR, NLR, PLR, and LDH) were not of predictive value. On multivariable analysis, biopsy GS (<8 vs. ≥8; HR 2.439) and clinical stage (≤cT2c vs. >cT2c; HR 3.271) were the independent predictors of BCR. Based on these two independent predictors, patients were stratified into three risk subgroups: favorable (0 risk factor; 47% of patients), intermediate (1 risk factor; 42 %), unfavorable (2 risk factors; 11%). The intermediate and unfavorable subgroups have a significantly shorter median BCR-free survival compared to the favorable subgroup (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Several factors are associated with BCR. Clinical stage (≤cT2c vs. >cT2c) and biopsy GS (<8 vs. ≥8) are the independent predictors of BCR. The stratification of high-risk patients into risk subgroups based on these two predictors shows that the intermediate and unfavorable subgroups have a significantly shorter median BCR-free survival compared to the favorable subgroup. The preoperative stratification model may help urologists and patients during decision-making. In non-metastatic high-risk patients, preoperative inflammatory markers (NLR, dNLR, PLR, and LDH) are not of prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Nkengurutse
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sixiong Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weibing Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Lamba N, Butler S, Mahal BA, Trinh QD, Rose B, King M, Orio P, Mouw KW, Martin N, Leeman JE, Feng FY, Nguyen PL, Muralidhar V. Three-tiered Subclassification System of High-risk Prostate Cancer in Men Managed With Radical Prostatectomy: Implications for Treatment Decision-making. Urology 2020; 145:197-203. [PMID: 32763323 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To inform treatment decisions for patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), we determined rates of adverse pathologic factors and overall survival (OS) among subgroups of high-risk men. METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, 89,450 patients with clinical N0M0 unfavorable intermediate-risk, favorable high-risk (cT1c, Gleason 6, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] > 20 ng/mL or cT1c, biopsy Gleason 8, PSA < 10 ng/mL), standard high-risk (all other cT3a, biopsy Gleason ≥ 8, or PSA > 20 ng/mL), or very high-risk (cT3b-T4 or biopsy primary Gleason pattern 5) PCa treated with radical prostatectomy were identified. Rates of adverse pathologic factors (positive surgical margins, T4 disease, or pathologic lymph node involvement) were compared across subgroups. RESULTS Patients with unfavorable intermediate-risk (n = 31,381) and favorable high-risk (n = 10,296) disease had similar rates of adverse features (7.6% vs 8.2%, adjusted odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.08, P= .974). Patients with standard high-risk (n = 30,260) or very high-risk (n = 7513) disease were significantly more likely to have adverse pathologic factors (15.9% and 26.5%, P < .001 for both). Patients with unfavorable intermediate-risk and favorable high-risk disease had similar 5-year OS (95.7% vs 95.1%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.21, P = .411) but better OS compared to standard and very high-risk patients (93.4% and 88.1%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION Unfavorable intermediate-risk or favorable high-risk PCa patients had low rates of adverse pathologic factors and similar OS. In contrast, standard and very high-risk PCa patients had significantly higher rates of adverse pathologic factors and worse OS. This 3-tiered subclassification of high-risk disease may allow for improved treatment selection among patients considering surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Lamba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Quoc-Dien Trinh
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brent Rose
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martin King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Orio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Neil Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan E Leeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Zhou X, Ning Q, Jin K, Zhang T, Ma X. Development and validation of a preoperative nomogram for predicting survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:97. [PMID: 32019501 PMCID: PMC7001324 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For selected locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients, radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the first-line treatments. We aimed to develop a preoperative nomogram to identify what kinds of patients can get the most survival benefits after RP. Methods We conducted analyses with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Covariates used for analyses included age at diagnosis, marital status, race, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th TNM stage, Prostate specific antigen, Gleason biopsy score (GS), percent of positive cores. We estimated the cumulative incidence function for cause-specific death. The Fine and Gray’s proportional subdistribution hazard approach was used to perform multivariable competing risk analyses and reveal prognostic factors. A nomogram was built by these factors (including GS, percent of positive cores and N stage) and validated by concordance index and calibration curves. Risk stratification was established based on the nomogram. Results We studied 14,185 patients. N stage, GS, and percent of positive cores were the independent prognostic factors used to construct the nomogram. For validating, in the training cohort, the C-index was 0.779 (95% CI 0.736–0.822), and in the validation cohort, the C-index was 0.773 (95% CI 0.710–0.836). Calibration curves showed that the predicted survival and actual survival were very close. The nomogram performed better over the AJCC staging system (C-index 0.779 versus 0.764 for training cohort, and 0.773 versus 0.744 for validation cohort). The new stratification of risk groups based on the nomogram also showed better discrimination than the AJCC staging system. Conclusions The preoperative nomogram can provide favorable prognosis stratification ability to help clinicians identify patients who are suitable for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Ning
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Andic F, Izol V, Gokcay S, Arslantas HS, Bayazit Y, Coskun H, Tansug MZ, Sertdemir Y. Definitive external-beam radiotherapy versus radical prostatectomy in clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Urol 2019; 19:3. [PMID: 30611260 PMCID: PMC6321694 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimal treatment of high-risk prostate cancer remains controversial. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes of prostate cancer patients treated with definitive external-beam radiotherapy (ExRT) or radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods The records of 120 high-risk clinical stage T2b-T4 N0 M0 prostate cancer patients treated with definitive ExRT or RP were reviewed. Patients with pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≥20 ng/mL or clinical ≥T3 stage or Gleason score (GS) ≥8 were included in the study. Biochemical failure free survival (BFFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of BF. Results Seventy-two patients received definitive ExRT with androgen-deprivation therapy in 95.8% and 48 patients underwent RP with pelvic lymph node dissection. Mean age (67.7 ± 6.6 vs 64.5 ± 7.6 year, p = 0.017) and the rate of patients with PSA levels ≥20 ng/mL (69.4% vs 47.9%, p = 0.022) were higher in the definitive ExRT group than the RP group. Distributions of GS and clinical T stage were similar. Mean follow-up was 60.2 ± 30.3 months in the definitive ExRT group and 41.3 ± 21.5 months in the RP group (p < 0.001). Twenty-five % of the RP group received adjuvant ExRT and 41.7% received salvage ExRT. Biochemical failure was significantly higher (52.1% vs 21.4%, p < 0.001) and the mean BFFS was significantly lesser (34.4 ± 3.9 vs 97.8 ± 5.9 months, p < 0.001) in the RP group than the definitive ExRT group. However, DMFS, CSS and OS were similar in both groups. In multivariate analysis, being in the RP group significantly increased the risk of BF (p < 0.001). Furthermore, not receiving pelvic lymphatic irradiation in the definitive ExRT group (p = 0.048) and having positive surgical margin in the RP group (p = 0.050) increased the risk of BF. Conclusions BF was significantly higher and the mean BFFS was significantly lesser in high-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing RP than definitive ExRT while DMFS, CSS and OS were similar in both treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fundagul Andic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. .,Balcali Hastanesi, Radyasyon Onkolojisi AD, Cukurova Universitesi, 01330, Sarıcam, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Izol
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serkan Gokcay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Suat Arslantas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yildirim Bayazit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hatice Coskun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Yasar Sertdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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