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Piccinelli ML, Barletta F, Tappero S, Cano Garcia C, Incesu RB, Morra S, Scheipner L, Tian Z, Luzzago S, Mistretta FA, Ferro M, Saad F, Shariat SF, Ahyai S, Longo N, Tilki D, Chun FKH, Terrone C, Briganti A, de Cobelli O, Musi G, Karakiewicz PI. Development and External Validation of a Novel Nomogram Predicting Cancer-specific Mortality-free Survival in Surgically Treated Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:799-806. [PMID: 37024421 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate prediction of cancer control outcomes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is important for counselling, follow-up planning, and selection of appropriate adjuvant trial designs. OBJECTIVE To develop and externally validate a novel contemporary population-based model for predicting cancer-specific mortality-free survival (CSM-FS) in surgically treated papillary RCC (papRCC) patients and to compare it with established risk categories (Leibovich 2018). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2019), we identified surgically treated papRCC patients (n = 3978). The population was randomly divided into development (50%, n = 1989) and external validation (50%, n = 1989) cohorts. Of the external validation cohort, 97% (n = 1930) of patients were included in a head-to-head comparison of the Leibovich 2018 risk categories addressing nonmetastatic patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Univariable Cox regression models tested the statistical significance in the prediction of CSM-FS. The most parsimonious model with the best validation metrics was selected as the multivariable nomogram. Accuracy, calibration, and decision curve analyses (DCAs) tested the Cox regression-based nomogram, as well as the Leibovich 2018 risk categories in the external validation cohort. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Age at diagnosis, grade, T stage, N stage, and M stage qualified for inclusion in the novel nomogram. In external validation, the accuracy of the novel nomogram was 0.83 at 5 yr and 0.80 at 10 yr. In nonmetastatic patients, 5- and 10-yr accuracy of the novel nomogram was 0.77 and 0.76, respectively. Conversely, 5- and 10-yr accuracy of the Leibovich 2018 risk categories was 0.70 and 0.66, respectively. The novel nomogram exhibited smaller departures from ideal predictions in calibration plots and higher net benefit in DCAs, when it was compared with the Leibovich 2018 risk categories. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study, absence of a central pathological review, and inclusion of only North American patients. CONCLUSIONS The novel nomogram may represent a valuable clinical aid, when papRCC CSM-FS predictions are required. PATIENT SUMMARY We developed an accurate tool to predict death due to papillary kidney cancer in a North American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Luca Piccinelli
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Tappero
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cano Garcia
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Reha-Baris Incesu
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Morra
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lukas Scheipner
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco A Mistretta
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fred Saad
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sascha Ahyai
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Su X, Hou NN, Yang LJ, Li PX, Yang XJ, Hou GD, Gao XL, Ma SJ, Guo F, Zhang R, Zhang WH, Qin WJ, Wang FL. The first competing risk survival nomogram in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11835. [PMID: 34088935 PMCID: PMC8178392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a lack of competing risk analysis of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) following surgery. We performed the cumulative incidence function (CIF) to estimate the absolute risks of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) of pRCC over time, and constructed a nomogram predicting the probability of 2-, 3- and 5-year CSM based on competing risk regression. A total of 5993 pRCC patients who underwent nephrectomy between 2010 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The 2-, 3-, 5-year CSM rates were 3.2%, 4.4% and 6.5%, respectively, and that of OCM were 3.2%, 5.0% and 9.3%, respectively. The estimates of 5-year cumulative mortality were most pronounced among patients aged > 75 years in OCM (17.0%). On multivariable analyses, age, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and with or without bone, liver and lung metastases were identified as independent predictors of CSM following surgery and were integrated to generate the nomogram. The nomogram achieved a satisfactory discrimination with the AUCt of 0.730 at 5-year, and the calibration curves presented impressive agreements. Taken together, age-related OCM is a significant portion of all-cause mortality in elderly patients and our nomogram can be used for decision-making and patient counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Niu-Niu Hou
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng-Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guang-Dong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xue-Lin Gao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai-Jun Ma
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wu-He Zhang
- Department of Urology, The 986th Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wei-Jun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Fu-Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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