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Palefsky JM, Lee JY, Jay N, Goldstone SE, Darragh TM, Dunlevy HA, Rosa-Cunha I, Arons A, Pugliese JC, Vena D, Sparano JA, Wilkin TJ, Bucher G, Stier EA, Tirado Gomez M, Flowers L, Barroso LF, Mitsuyasu RT, Lensing SY, Logan J, Aboulafia DM, Schouten JT, de la Ossa J, Levine R, Korman JD, Hagensee M, Atkinson TM, Einstein MH, Cracchiolo BM, Wiley D, Ellsworth GB, Brickman C, Berry-Lawhorn JM. Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:2273-2282. [PMID: 35704479 PMCID: PMC9717677 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2201048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of anal cancer is substantially higher among persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in the general population. Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer is preceded by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Treatment for cervical HSIL reduces progression to cervical cancer; however, data from prospective studies of treatment for anal HSIL to prevent anal cancer are lacking. METHODS We conducted a phase 3 trial at 25 U.S. sites. Persons living with HIV who were 35 years of age or older and who had biopsy-proven anal HSIL were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive either HSIL treatment or active monitoring without treatment. Treatment included office-based ablative procedures, ablation or excision under anesthesia, or the administration of topical fluorouracil or imiquimod. The primary outcome was progression to anal cancer in a time-to-event analysis. Participants in the treatment group were treated until HSIL was completely resolved. All the participants underwent high-resolution anoscopy at least every 6 months; biopsy was also performed for suspected ongoing HSIL in the treatment group, annually in the active-monitoring group, or any time there was concern for cancer. RESULTS Of 4459 participants who underwent randomization, 4446 (99.7%) were included in the analysis of the time to progression to cancer. With a median follow-up of 25.8 months, 9 cases were diagnosed in the treatment group (173 per 100,000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 90 to 332) and 21 cases in the active-monitoring group (402 per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI, 262 to 616). The rate of progression to anal cancer was lower in the treatment group than in the active-monitoring group by 57% (95% CI, 6 to 80; P = 0.03 by log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS Among participants with biopsy-proven anal HSIL, the risk of anal cancer was significantly lower with treatment for anal HSIL than with active monitoring. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02135419.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Palefsky
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Jeannette Y Lee
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Naomi Jay
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Stephen E Goldstone
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Teresa M Darragh
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Hillary A Dunlevy
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Isabella Rosa-Cunha
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Abigail Arons
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Julia C Pugliese
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Don Vena
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Timothy J Wilkin
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Gary Bucher
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Elizabeth A Stier
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Maribel Tirado Gomez
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Lisa Flowers
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Luis F Barroso
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Ronald T Mitsuyasu
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Shelly Y Lensing
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Jeffrey Logan
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - David M Aboulafia
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Jeffrey T Schouten
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Juan de la Ossa
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Rebecca Levine
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Jessica D Korman
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Michael Hagensee
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Thomas M Atkinson
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Mark H Einstein
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Bernadette M Cracchiolo
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Dorothy Wiley
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Grant B Ellsworth
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Brickman
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
| | - J Michael Berry-Lawhorn
- From the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco (J.M.P., N.J., T.M.D., A.A., C.B., J.M.B.-L.); University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.Y.L., S.Y.L.); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (S.E.G., J.A.S.), Weill Cornell Medicine (T.J.W., G.B.E.), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine (R.L.), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (T.M.A.) - all in New York; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (H.A.D.); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami (I.R.-C.); the Emmes Company, Rockland, MD (J.C.P., D.V.); Anal Dysplasia Clinic Midwest, Chicago (G.B.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (E.A.S.); University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan (M.T.G.); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (L.F.); Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC (L.F.B.); University of California, Los Angeles Schools of Medicine (R.T.M.) and Nursing (D.W.), Los Angeles; Denver Public Health, Denver (J.L.); University of Washington School of Medicine (D.M.A., J.T.S.) and the Polyclinic, Virginia Mason Medical Center (J.O.) - both in Seattle; Capital Digestive Care, Washington, DC (J.D.K.); Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans (M.H.); and Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark (M.H.E., B.M.C.)
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