Laparoscopic giant parastomal hernia repair with prosthetic mesh

Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair

Parastomal hernia is a common complication after stoma formation. Its reported incidence varies from 30% to 50%. Loop ileostomy has the lowest risk (0%-6.2%), followed by end ileostomy, and loop colostomy with a similar risk of 28% to 30%. End colostomy carries the highest risk for parastomal hernia of 48%. Even though most hernias occur within the first 2 years after stoma construction, the risk of herniation extends up to 20 years. Theoretically, parastomal hernia occurs as a result of mechanical factors, an intrinsic defect in collagen metabolism, and wound repair. Parastomal hernia is asymptomatic most of the time, but it may be associated with serious complications such as strangulation and perforation; hence, elective repair is mandatory for carefully selected cases and surgical approaches. Primary closure of the aponeurosis at the hernia site, either via peristomal approach or through midline incision, is a simple procedure, but it carries a recurrence rate of 38% to 100%. Stoma relocation may result in a zero recurrence rate at the same hernia site, but the risk of a parastomal hernia after new stoma formation is still expected. In addition, an incisional hernia at the previous colostomy site closure may also occur. Similar to other sites of hernia repair, prosthetic mesh has been used to reinforce the hernia defect intraperitoneally through open incision and recently via the laparoscopic approach. Mesh repair has demonstrated the lowest risk of recurrence for parastomal hernia of 0% to 33%.

Parastomal hernia repair: laparoscopic ventral hernia meshplasty with stoma relocation. The current state and a clinical case presentation

BACKGROUND

Parastomal hernia is a frequent complication after performing an ostomy, and although different technical options have been described, it lacks an ideal intervention to resolve it. The use of meshes and the laparoscopic approach, has led to a significant advance in resolving this condition. However, the ideal technique should guarantee must ensure integral repair of the abdominal wall, taking into account the functionality of the stoma. In large parastomal eventrations the repairing of the ventral hernia with a mesh and relocating the stoma in another quadrant may be an intervention that fulfills both principles, and open approach being described.

METHODS

We review the current state of surgical management of this condition and analyze the different technical options. Present the first description for using a laparoscopic technique with meshplasty and stoma relocation in an obese patient with a complex parastomal hernia, with results in the 18 month follow up.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical technique repair of the parastomal hernia is sometimes a complex issue, which possibly requires different solutions according to the characteristics of the hernia and patient. The technique described of meshplasty with stoma relocation by laparoscopic approach has been revealed as an affordable technique, with minor inconvenience to the patient, absence of complications and good functional results in the long term, benefiting from the advantages of minimally invasive surgery itself.

Prospective audit of parastomal hernia: prevalence and associated comorbidities

PURPOSE

There is little evidence regarding the prevalence or incidence of parastomal hernia, but it is thought to be common. Repair of parastomal hernia can be troublesome, and methods of repair need to be validated based on reduced incidence following surgery. The true rate of parastomal herniation needs to be determined prospectively, and risk factors for developing such hernias need to be more clearly defined.

METHODS

To determine prevalence and associated risk factors, prospective data were collected regarding initial stoma surgery, presence of parastomal hernia, and comorbidities.

RESULTS

Ninety patients were prospectively audited. For stomas formed at emergency or elective surgery, regardless of surgical indication, the overall rate of parastomal hernia was 33%. Aperture size and patient age were independently predictive of parastomal hernia in multivariate analysis. For every millimeter increase in aperture size, the risk of developing a hernia increased by 10% (odds ratio, 1.10 (CI, 1.03-1.18); P = .005). For every additional year of patient age, the risk of developing a hernia increased by 4% (odds ratio, 1.04 (CI, 1.00-1.08); P = .04). There was a significantly higher prevalence of hernia following sigmoid colostomy than following ileostomy (45.9% vs. 22%; P < .05). The hernia rate was higher but did not reach statistical significance in patients with disseminated malignancy, body mass index >35 kg/m2, diabetes, prostate hypertrophy, ascites, or chronic constipation.

CONCLUSION

This study of carefully and prospectively collected data shows the prevalence of parastomal herniation to be 33%. This rate was higher with larger aperture size and increased age in multivariate analysis.

Parastomal hernia-repair using mesh and an open technique

INTRODUCTION

Parastomal hernia occurs in 35%-50% of patients who have had a stoma formed, whether for the digestive tract or the urinary tract. There are many repair techniques including primary repair and repair using different types of mesh prosthesis, and the surgical approach may be open or laparoscopic. However, all techniques suffer the disadvantage of a high index of hernia recurrence.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study included 125 patients from the stoma clinic at our hospital. Hernia repair was performed on 25 of these patients who had a terminal colostomy because of either cancer or inflammatory disease. Preoperative colon preparation involved a cathartic, an evacuating enema, and antibiotic therapy in the preoperative period. The repair was conducted via an anterior approach, dissecting the skin around the stoma in the way a plastic surgeon handles an umbilical scar during abdominoplasty, in order to enter the hernia site. The hernial sac was left intact to form a bed on which to lay a lightweight polypropylene mesh, and this was then fixed to the deep face of the aponeurosis all around the stoma, with sutures placed in a U-shape with 1/0 or 2/0 non-absorbent material. The mesh was also fixed to the external surface of the colon with simple sutures of 3/0 polyglycocolic acid. A closed supra-aponeurotic drain was left in situ, and the skin was closed with 3/0 nylon.

RESULTS

Of the corpus, 50 patients presented with parastomal hernia (40%), and 25 of them underwent surgery. These patients were followed for a period of 12 months, on average (range: 8-24 months). After operation, 2 patients (8%) experienced hernia recurrence and underwent further surgery to reinforce the abdominal wall with a new insertion of mesh prosthesis; 2 patients (8%) suffered surgical wound infection; and 2 patients (8%) developed a seroma. There was no rejection of the mesh, erosion of the colon, or fistula formation.

CONCLUSIONS

Inserting a mesh prosthesis by this technique is a safe effective treatment for parastomal hernia, adding another option to the available repair solutions. Prospective and comparative studies are required to reinforce this study, and they should ideally include a greater number of patients in the study corpus.

Laparoscopic paracolostomy hernia mesh repair

Paracolostomy hernia is a common occurrence, representing a late complication of stoma surgery. Different surgical techniques have been proposed to repair the wall defect, but the lowest recurrence rates are associated with the use of mesh. We present the case report of a patient in which laparoscopic paracolostomy hernia mesh repair has been successfully performed.

Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair using a nonslit mesh technique

BACKGROUND

The management of parastomal hernia is associated with high morbidity and recurrence rates (20-70%). This study investigated a novel laparoscopic approach and evaluated its outcomes.

METHODS

A consecutive multi-institutional series of patients undergoing parastomal hernia repair between 2001 and 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Laparoscopy was used with modification of the open Sugarbaker technique. A nonslit expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh was placed to provide 5-cm overlay coverage of the stoma and defect. Transfascial sutures secured the mesh, allowing the stoma to exit from the lateral edge. Five advanced laparoscopic surgeons performed all the procedures. The primary outcome measure was hernia recurrence.

RESULTS

A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 60 years and a body mass index of 29 kg/m2 underwent surgery. Six of these patients had undergone previous mesh stoma revisions. The mean size of the hernia defect was 64 cm2, and the mean size of the mesh was 365 cm2. There were no conversions to open surgery. The overall postoperative morbidity was 23%, and the mean hospital length of stay was 3.3 days. One patient died of pulmonary complications; one patient had a trocar-site infection; and one patient had a mesh infection requiring mesh removal. During a median follow-up period of 19 months (range, 2-38 months), 4% (1/25) of the patients experienced recurrence.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of this large case series, the laparoscopic nonslit mesh technique for the repair of parastomal hernias seems to be a promising approach for the reduction of hernia recurrence in experienced hands.

Enterostomy site hernias: a clinical and computerized tomographic evaluation

PURPOSE

Parastomal hernia continues to be an important clinical problem with a reported incidence of up to 50 percent. In studies using computerized tomography in selected cases for detection of parastomal hernia, physical examination alone was underestimating the true incidence. Also after closure of the enterostomy, the ostomy site could still be a potential area of herniation. In this study in addition to physical examination, we used computerized tomography to determine the true incidence of parastomal hernia and ostomy closure site hernias.

METHODS

We examined patients with enterostomies and with closed enterostomy sites both with physical examination and computerized tomography for the detection of hernias, hernia content, and relation to rectus muscles. Risk factors for hernia formation, such as age, gender, body mass index, associated medical problems, and surgical site infections, were determined.

RESULTS

Evaluation of 23 patients with ostomies resulted in 52 percent incidence of parastomal hernia, whereas the addition of tomography examination gave a corrected incidence of 78 percent. In a second subset of 23 patients with closed ostomies, although 26 percent of the patients were found to have ostomy site hernias with physical examination alone, this incidence increased to 48 percent when combined with computerized tomography. The potential risk factors for hernia formation, such as body mass index, surgical site infection, and ostomy site whether pararectus or transrectus, were not proven to have a significant role in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

Parastomal hernia and closed ostomy site incisional hernias have a high incidence, and computerized tomography has been shown to be a valuable diagnostic tool.

Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair

Repair of parastomal represents a significant challenge for the hernia surgeon. Repair of these hernias is indicated because of an ill-fitting appliance, cosmetic deformity, inability to maintain proper hygiene and complications from the hernia itself such as incarceration or strangulation. Recent reports in the literature have shown that primary fascial repair can occur in 46% of patients and relocation of the stoma is associated with a 40% recurrence rate. For this reason, the use of polypropylene mesh has been applied to this repair. The recurrence rate with this open technique will still incur a failure rate of 20-29%. Additionally there are other complications such as obstruction, fistulization or mesh erosion with this biomaterial. The laparoscopic approach to this hernia may offer a new choice for this difficult problem. We have used ePTFE to repair 12 parastomal hernias with three different approaches. There have been eight colostomy, two ileostomy and two urostomy hernias. Follow-up ranges from 3-39 months (average 20 months). There has been one recurrence that required two repairs (8%). Other complications included enterotomy (one patient), ileus (one), seroma (one), and death from postoperative aspiration (one). The laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernias appears to be a promising technique for this complex dilemma.