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Chen T, Liu P, Zhang C, Jin S, Kong Y, Feng Y, Sun Z. Pathophysiology and Genetic Associations of Varicose Veins: A Narrative Review. Angiology 2024:33197241227598. [PMID: 38226614 DOI: 10.1177/00033197241227598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Varicose veins (VVs) have a high prevalence worldwide and have become a major medical burden. Their pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of inflammation and tissue remodeling, and current treatment is limited by its impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, despite clear environmental factors, family history is an important risk factor, suggesting a genetic component to the risk of developing VVs. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases has benefited greatly from the expansion of population genetic studies, from pioneering family studies to large genome-wide association studies; we now find multiple risk loci for each venous disease. This review considers the pathophysiology of VVs, highlighting the current state of genetic knowledge. We also propose future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuhu Kong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ziqiang Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Parker CN, Finlayson KJ, Hall EJ, Pitman N, Chu WK, Wallace DF. Exploring the Association between Hemochromatosis and Lower-Limb Venous Disease. Adv Skin Wound Care 2024; 37:32-39. [PMID: 38117169 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic venous disease is a circulatory system dysfunction that has the potential to lead to venous leg ulceration. Although research on the influence of specific gene variants on chronic venous disease has been limited, a few studies have reported an association between hemochromatosis and chronic venous disease. However, no studies have looked at the prevalence of lower-limb venous disease and leg ulcers in people with hemochromatosis. This study aimed to review the existing literature for any association between venous disease and hemochromatosis and investigate the prevalence of venous disease and leg ulcers in people with hemochromatosis. METHODS Scoping systematic literature review and cross-sectional study surveying people with hemochromatosis. RESULTS This scoping systematic literature review included nine articles and indicated a link between hemochromatosis and venous disease/leg ulcers, although further studies are needed to support this link. Analysis of survey results from people with hemochromatosis found a 9.2% prevalence of leg ulcers in those with self-reported hemochromatosis, considerably higher than the 1% to 3% expected, suggesting that hemochromatosis gene variants may be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic venous disease and leg ulcers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study to complete a review of the literature regarding hemochromatosis and venous leg ulcers and document the association between hemochromatosis and venous disease/leg ulcers. There is a lack of research in this area and hence limited evidence to guide practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Parker
- In the School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia, Christina N. Parker, PhD, is Associate Professor; and Kathleen J. Finlayson, PhD, is Lecturer, Centre for Healthcare Transformation. Emma J. Hall, RN, is Clinical Nurse-Research Coordinator, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, and Research Project Officer, Queensland University of Technology. Natasha Pitman, RN, is Registered Nurse, Infectious Diseases Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland. Wing Kei Chu, BMedLabSc, is Hematology and Blood Bank Scientist, QML Pathology, Murarrie, Queensland. Daniel F. Wallace, PhD, is Associate Professor, Queensland University of Technology. Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the valuable contribution of Tony Moorhead and Dianne Prince from Haemochromatosis Australia. The authors have disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted December 2, 2022; accepted in revised form February 3, 2023
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Costa D, Andreucci M, Ielapi N, Serraino GF, Mastroroberto P, Bracale UM, Serra R. Molecular Determinants of Chronic Venous Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031928. [PMID: 36768250 PMCID: PMC9916309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) refers to several pathological and hemodynamic alterations of the veins of lower limbs causing a wide range of symptoms and signs with a high prevalence in the general population and with disabling consequences in the most severe forms. The etiology and pathophysiology of CVD is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, proteomic, and cellular mechanisms that result in changes to the venous structure and functions. Expressions of several genes associated with angiogenesis, vascular development, and the regulation of veins are responsible for the susceptibility to CVD. Current evidence shows that several extracellular matrix alterations (ECM) could be identified and in some cases pharmacologically targeted. This review shows the most up to date information on molecular determinants of CVD in order to provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on this topic. In particular, the article explores the genetic influence, the hormonal influence, ECM imbalance, and histopathology of CVD and the role of endothelial dysfunction in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Costa
- Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filiberto Serraino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mastroroberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lee ML, Liang C, Chuang CH, Lee PS, Chen TH, Sun S, Liao KW, Huang HD. A genome-wide association study for varicose veins. Phlebology 2022; 37:267-278. [DOI: 10.1177/02683555211069248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim was to compare the genetic information of varicose vein patients with that of a healthy population attempting to identify certain significant genetic associations. Method Patients’ clinical characteristics and demographics were collected, and their genetic samples were examined. The results were compared to the genetic information of one thousand sex-matched healthy controls from Taiwan Biobank database. The Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology classification was applied for further subgroup analysis. Results After comparison of genetic information of ninety-six patients to that of healthy controls, two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. One was in DPYSL2 gene, and the other was in VSTM2L gene. A further comparison between C2-3 patient subgroup and C4-6 subgroup identified another four significant SNPs, which were located in ZNF664-FAM101A, PHF2, ACOT11, and TOM1L1 genes. Conclusion Our preliminary result identified six significant SNPs located in six different genes. All of them and their genetic products may warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Shyuan Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Thay-Hsiung Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Shen Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Republic of China
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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He R, Cai H, Jiang Y, Liu R, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Yao C, Wang S, Hu Z. Integrative analysis prioritizes the relevant genes and risk factors for chronic venous disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2022; 10:738-748.e5. [PMID: 35218958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic venous disease (CVD) refers to a range of symptoms resulting from long-term morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system. However, the mechanism of CVD development remains largely unknown. Here we aim to provide more information on CVD pathogenesis, prevention strategies and therapy development through the integrative analysis of large-scale genetic data. METHODS Genetic data were obtained from publicly accessible databases. We utilized different approaches, including FUMA, DEPICT, Sherlock, SMR/HEIDIS, DEPICT and NetWAS to identify possible causal genes for CVD. Candidate genes were prioritized to further literature-based review. The differential expression of prioritized genes was validated by microarray from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a public genomics data repository" and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of varicose veins (VVs) specimens. The causal relationships between risk factors and CVD were assessed using the Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. RESULTS We identified 46 lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 26 plausible causal genes for CVD. Microarray data indicated differential expression of possible causal genes in CVD when compared to controls. The expression levels of WDR92, RSPO3, LIMA, ABCB10, DNAJC7, C1S, CXCL1 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). PHLDA1 and SERPINE1 were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Dysregulated expression of WDR92, RSPO3 and CASZ1 was also found in varicose vein specimens by qPCR. Two-sample MR suggested causative effects of BMI (OR, 1.008, 95%CI, 1.005-1.010), standing height (OR, 1.009, 95%CI, 1.007-1.011), college degree (OR, 0.983, 95%CI, 0.991-0.976), insulin (OR, 0.858, 95%CI, 0.794-0.928) and metformin (OR, 0.944, 95%CI, 0.904-0.985) on CVD. CONCLUSIONS Our study integrates genetic and gene expression data to make an effective risk gene prediction and etiological inferences for CVD. Prioritized candidate genes provide more insights into CVD pathogenesis, and the causative effects of risk factors on CVD that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhou He
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huoying Cai
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First People's Hospital of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, China; Zhongshan ophthalmic center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Qin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Disease Treatment, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Sex-Specific Genetically Predicted Iron Status in relation to 12 Vascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6246041. [PMID: 33195696 PMCID: PMC7641690 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6246041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron overload has been implicated in the pathogenesis of varicose veins (VVs). However, the association of serum iron status with other vascular diseases (VDs) is not well understood, which might be a potential target for VD prevention. This study was aimed at investigating the causal associations between iron status and VDs using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Methods A two-sample MR was designed to investigate whether iron status was associated with VDs, based on iron data from a published genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 48,972 subjects of European descent and VD data obtained from the UK Biobank, including 361,194 British subjects (167,020 males and 194,174 females). We further explored whether there was sex difference in the associations between genetically predicted iron status and VDs. Results The results demonstrated that iron status had a significant causal effect on VVs of lower extremities (P < 0.001) and a potential effect on coronary atherosclerosis (P < 0.05 for serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, respectively), but not on other VDs. Furthermore, higher iron status exerted a detrimental effect on VVs of lower extremities in both genders (P < 0.05) and a protective effect on male patients with coronary atherosclerosis (P < 0.05 for serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation, respectively). Conclusions This MR study provides robust evidence that higher iron status increases the risk of VVs of lower extremities, whereas it reduces the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in the male population, which indicates that iron has divergent effects on vascular pathology.
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Serra R, Ssempijja L, Provenzano M, Andreucci M. Genetic biomarkers in chronic venous disease. Biomark Med 2020; 14:75-80. [PMID: 32053001 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Lwanga Ssempijja
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy.,Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100 Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
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Aloi TL, Camporese G, Izzo M, Kontothanassis D, Santoliquido A. Refining diagnosis and management of chronic venous disease: Outcomes of a modified Delphi consensus process. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 65:78-85. [PMID: 30898385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common condition with major health consequences that is associated with poor long-term prognosis, significant socioeconomic impact, disabling symptoms and reduced quality of life. To provide practical guidance for diagnosis and management of CVD, a Delphi panel of 5 experts in steering committee and 28 angiologists/vascular surgeons met with the major aim of providing a supplement for established national and international guidelines. A total of 24 statements were voted upon in two rounds, of which consensus was reached on 22 statements, indicating a high level of overall agreement. Consensus was reached on 7 of 8 statements relative to diagnosis (CEAP classification, diagnostic tools, QoL assessment, diagnostic imaging) and on 15 of 16 statements on management (conservative treatments, compressive therapy, pharmacological therapy, surgical treatment). The results of the consensus reached are discussed herein from which it is clear that diagnostic and management approaches utilising personalised therapies tailored to the individual patient should be favoured. While it is clear that additional studies are needed on many aspects of diagnosis and management of CVD, the present Delphi survey provides some key recommendations for clinicians treating CVD that may be useful in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lucia Aloi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardio-Angiology Unit of Montescano and Pavia Institute, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Camporese
- Unit of Angiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcello Izzo
- Math Tech Med Medicine & Bioscience - Research Center- University of Ferrara-, Italy; Compression Therapy Study Group (CTG)-, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli Policlinic Foundation - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Varicose veins of lower extremities: Insights from the first large-scale genetic study. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008110. [PMID: 30998689 PMCID: PMC6490943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicose veins of lower extremities (VVs) are a common multifactorial vascular disease. Genetic factors underlying VVs development remain largely unknown. Here we report the first large-scale study of VVs performed on a freely available genetic data of 408,455 European-ancestry individuals. We identified the 12 reliably associated loci that explain 13% of the SNP-based heritability, and prioritized the most likely causal genes CASZ1, PIEZO1, PPP3R1, EBF1, STIM2, HFE, GATA2, NFATC2, and SOX9. VVs-associated variants within these loci exhibited pleiotropic effects on several phenotypes including blood pressure/hypertension and blood cell traits. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed gene categories related to abnormal vasculogenesis. Genetic correlation analysis confirmed known epidemiological associations between VVs and deep venous thrombosis, weight, rough labor, and standing job, and found a genetic overlap with multiple traits that have not been previously suspected to share common genetic background with VVs. These traits included educational attainment, fluid intelligence and prospective memory scores, walking pace (negative correlation with VVs), smoking, height, number of operations, pain, and gonarthrosis (positive correlation with VVs). Finally, Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence for causal effects of plasma levels of MICB and CD209 proteins, and anthropometric traits such as waist and hip circumference, height, weight, and both fat and fat-free mass. Our results provide novel insight into both VVs genetics and etiology. The revealed genes and proteins can be considered as good candidates for follow-up functional studies and might be of interest as potential drug targets. Varicose veins of lower extremities (VVs) affect about 30% of adults in developed countries and cause both cosmetic and health problems. A strong body of evidence indicates that heredity plays an important role in the etiology of this condition. However, genetic basis of VVs remains poorly understood. Here, we present the results of the first large-scale genetic study for VVs. We identified genes which are the most likely involved in VVs pathogenesis. We show that VVs are correlated at a genetic level with numerous traits and phenotypes, including those already known from prior epidemiological studies (deep venous thrombosis, body mass index, standing job, etc.) as well as with those that have not been suspected to share common genetic background with VVs (fluid intelligence and prospective memory scores, smoking, walking pace, pain all over the body, and other traits). Finally, using genetic variants as instruments, we demonstrate direct causal effects of the traits related to anthropometry, such as height and weight, and plasma levels of immune-related proteins MICB and CD209. Our study provides novel insight into both VVs genetics and etiology. The revealed genes (CASZ1, PIEZO1, PPP3R1, EBF1, STIM2, HFE, GATA2, NFATC2, and SOX9) and proteins (MICB and CD209) can be considered as good candidates for follow-up functional studies and might be of interest as potential drug targets.
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Polymorphisms in inflammation-related genes and the risk of primary varicose veins in ethnic Russians. Immunol Res 2017; 66:141-150. [PMID: 29247331 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation was shown to be activated in varicose veins, although its role in the development of vein wall transformation remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the influence of 13 inflammation-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) TNF rs1800629 and rs3093661, IL1A rs1800587, IL1RN rs4251961, IL6 rs1800795 and rs1800796, IFNG rs2430561, IL10 rs1800896, TGFB1 rs1800469, HIF1A rs11549465, NFKB1 rs28362491, and rs4648068 on the risk of primary varicose veins (PVVs) in ethnic Russians. We genotyped 709 patients with PVVs and 278 individuals without a history of chronic venous disease and performed a single SNP and a haplotype analysis. Several associations with P < 0.05 were revealed in our study. Variant allele HIF1A rs11549465 T, TNF rs3093661 A, and NFKB1 rs28362491 ATTG deletion showed the reverse association with PVV risk, and allele IL6 rs1800795 C was associated with the increased risk of the studied pathology. Haplotype analysis revealed associations of TNF haplotypes rs3093661 A-rs1800629 G and IL6 rs1800795 C-rs1800796 G with the decreased and the increased risk of PVVs, correspondingly. However, all the observed associations failed to reach statistical significance after the correction for multiple testing, which was set at a level of 10-3 due to many tests performed. Our study therefore provides evidence that investigated polymorphisms do not play a major role in susceptibility to PVVs.
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Shadrina AS, Smetanina MA, Sokolova EA, Shamovskaya DV, Sevost'ianova KS, Shevela AI, Soldatsky EY, Seliverstov EI, Demekhova MY, Shonov OA, Ilyukhin EA, Voronina EN, Pikalov IV, Zolotukhin IA, Kirienko AI, Filipenko ML. Allele rs2010963 C of the VEGFA gene is associated with the decreased risk of primary varicose veins in ethnic Russians. Phlebology 2016; 33:27-35. [PMID: 27932624 DOI: 10.1177/0268355516683611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the association of polymorphisms rs699947, rs2010963, rs3025039 in the VEGFA gene region and rs1870377, rs2305949, rs2071559 in the VEGFR2 gene region with the risk of primary varicose veins in ethnic Russians. Methods Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. The case group consisted of 448 patients with primary varicose veins and the control group comprised 609 individuals without a history of chronic venous disease. Association was studied by logistic regression analysis. Results Allele rs2010963 C was associated with the decreased risk of varicose veins (additive model of inheritance: odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.59-0.91, P = 0.004). Conclusions Our results provide evidence that polymorphism rs2010963 located in the 5' untranslated region of the VEGFA gene can influence genetic susceptibility to primary varicose veins in Russians. Otherwise, it can be in linkage disequilibrium with another functional single nucleotide polymorphism that can alter the level of vascular endothelial growth factor A protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Shadrina
- 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia
- 2 Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina A Sokolova
- 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia
- 2 Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey I Shevela
- 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena N Voronina
- 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia
- 2 Novosibirsk State University, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Maxim L Filipenko
- 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russia
- 2 Novosibirsk State University, Russia
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Ye Q, Qian BX, Yin WL, Wang FM, Han T. Association between the HFE C282Y, H63D Polymorphisms and the Risks of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 5,758 Cases and 14,741 Controls. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163423. [PMID: 27657935 PMCID: PMC5033482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results have been obtained for the association between two common polymorphisms (C282Y, H63D) of human HFE (hereditary hemochromatosis) gene and the risks of the liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS An updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential role of HFE polymorphisms in the susceptibility to NAFLD, liver cirrhosis and HCC. After retrieving articles from online databases, eligible studies were enrolled according to the selection criteria. Stata/SE 12.0 software was utilized to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 43 articles with 5,758 cases and 14,741 controls were selected. Compared with the control group, a significantly increased risk of NAFLD was observed for the C282Y polymorphism in the Caucasian population under all genetic models and for the H63D polymorphism under the allele, heterozygote and dominant models (all OR>1, Passociation<0.05). However, no significant difference between liver cirrhosis cases and the control group was observed for HFE C282Y and H63D (all Passociation>0.05). In addition, we found that HFE C282Y was statistically associated with increased HCC susceptibility in the overall population, while H63D increased the odds of developing non-cirrhotic HCC in the African population (all OR>1, Passociation<0.05). Moreover, a positive association between compound heterozygosity for C282Y/H63D and the risk of NAFLD and HCC, but not liver cirrhosis, was observed. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis provides evidence that the HFE C282Y and H63D polymorphisms confer increased genetic susceptibility to NAFLD and HCC but not liver cirrhosis. Additional well-powered studies are required to confirm our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- The Third Central clinical college of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bao-Xin Qian
- The Third Central clinical college of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wei-Li Yin
- The Third Central clinical college of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- The Third Central clinical college of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- The Third Central clinical college of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Tianjin, PR China
- * E-mail:
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