Cell wall thickenings and tylosoid: developmental morphology reveals novelties for secretory canals in Protium ovatum (Burseraceae)

Adapted molecular methods to unravel the recalcitrant mycorrhizal associations of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre

Understanding the role of root microbiota is crucial in sustainable forest management but remains challenging, especially for tropical trees. We developed an efficient and low-toxicity method to extract and amplify the fungal DNA associated with Aucoumea klaineana Pierre fine roots. To improve DNA quality, we optimized a commercial extraction kit by incorporating activated charcoal and modifying incubation periods. This enhanced protocol, combined with bovine serum albumin during PCR, effectively mitigated inhibitors present in A. klaineana tree root samples. This approach opens new perspectives for studying the microbiota of tropical trees.

Induced defense strategies of plants against Ralstonia solanacearum

Plants respond to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation through two layers of immune system (PTI and ETI). This process involves the production of plant-induced resistance. Strategies for inducing resistance in plants include the formation of tyloses, gels, and callose and changes in the content of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and suberin in response to pathogen infestation. When R. solanacearum secrete cell wall degrading enzymes, plants also sense the status of cell wall fragments through the cell wall integrity (CWI) system, which activates deep-seated defense responses. In addition, plants also fight against R. solanacearum infestation by regulating the distribution of metabolic networks to increase the production of resistant metabolites and reduce the production of metabolites that are easily exploited by R. solanacearum. We review the strategies used by plants to induce resistance in response to R. solanacearum infestation. In particular, we highlight the importance of plant-induced physical and chemical defenses as well as cell wall defenses in the fight against R. solanacearum.