1
|
Kargar S, Mohseny Takloo S, Jalili H, NoorMohammedi J, Babaei A, Bizukojc M. Lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus in membrane gradostat bioreactor with two-stage feeding strategy. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:247-254. [PMID: 35594264 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2076242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin is a blood cholesterol-lowering agent and is produced as a secondary metabolite by Aspergillus terreus. Microbial production of this drug is carried out in solid-state or submerged culture, and due to difficulties of controlling the procedure parameters in solid-state method, the submerged method is conventional for industrial production. Although the submerged method is widely used, but this method damages the morphology of fungus due to shear stress caused by stirring. Since the morphology of fungus is a key factor in lovastatin production, using a bioreactor that causes the least damage to it, can improve the lovastatin production. In this paper, for the first time, it has been shown that the membrane gradostat bioreactor is suitable for lovastatin production, using A. terreus, due to providing suitable environmental conditions, therefore, it can be implemented as an alternative method for lovastatin production. Furthermore, it was found that implementing two-stage feeding, using different ratios of Carbon to Nitrogen in the culture medium, makes the lovastatin production to be 5 times more than one-stage feeding. Finally, it is shown that adding Zinc and Magnesium at the second stage further increases lovastatin production by 18%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kargar
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Mohseny Takloo
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jhamak NoorMohammedi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Babaei
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcin Bizukojc
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Xiang L, Zhang C, Cao Y, Wang C. Promotion of monacolin K production in Monascus extractive fermentation: the variation in fungal morphology and in the expression levels of biosynthetic gene clusters. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5652-5659. [PMID: 33740266 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monacolin K, an important secondary metabolite of Monascus, possesses a cholesterol-lowering effect and is widely used in the manufacture of antihypertensive drugs. In the present study, we constructed an extractive fermentation system by adding non-ionic surfactant and acquired a high monacolin K yield. The mechanism was determined by examining both cell morphology and the transcription levels of the related mokA-I genes in the monacolin K biosynthetic gene cluster. RESULTS The monacolin K yield was effectively increased to 539.59 mg L-1 during extraction, which was an increase of 386.16% compared to that in the control group fermentation. The non-ionic surfactant showed good biocompatibility with Monascus. Electron scanning microscopy revealed alterations in the morphology of Monascus. The loosened mycelial structure and increased number of cell surface wrinkles were found to be related to the increased cell-membrane permeability and extracellular accumulation of monacolin K. Gene expression levels were measured via a quantitative reverse transciptase-polymerase chain reaction. By contrast, in the control group, mokA, mokB, mokC, mokD and mokF showed higher-level and longer-term expression in the extractive fermentation group, whereas mokE and mokG did not present a similar trend. The expression levels of mokH and mokI, encoding a transcription factor and efflux pump, respectively, were also higher than the control levels. CONCLUSION The addition of a non-ionic surfactant to Monascus fermentation effectively increases the yield of monacolin K by transforming the fungus morphology and promoting the expression of monacolin K biosynthesis genes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Longbei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hasan H, Abd Rahim MH, Campbell L, Carter D, Abbas A, Montoya A. Increasing Lovastatin Production by Re-routing the Precursors Flow of Aspergillus terreus via Metabolic Engineering. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:90-99. [PMID: 34546548 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin is an anti-cholesterol medicine that is commonly prescribed to manage cholesterol levels, and minimise the risk of suffering from heart-related diseases. Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 20542) supplied with carbohydrates or sugar alcohols can produce lovastatin. The present work explored the application of metabolic engineering in A. terreus to re-route the precursor flow towards the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway by simultaneously overexpressing the gene for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc) to increase the precursor flux, and eliminate ( +)-geodin biosynthesis (a competing secondary metabolite) by removing the gene for emodin anthrone polyketide synthase (gedC). Alterations to metabolic flux in the double mutant (gedCΔ*accox) strain and the effects of using two different substrate formulations were examined. The gedCΔ*accox strain, when cultivated with a mixture of glycerol and lactose, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of metabolic precursors malonyl-CoA (48%) and acetyl-CoA (420%), completely inhibited the (+)-geodin biosynthesis, and increased the level of lovastatin [152 mg/L; 143% higher than the wild-type (WT) strain]. The present work demonstrated how the manipulation of A. terreus metabolic pathways could increase the efficiency of carbon flux towards lovastatin, thus elevating its overall production and enabling the use of glycerol as a substrate source. As such, the present work also provides a framework model for other medically or industrially important fungi to synthesise valuable compounds using sustainable carbon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Hasan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leona Campbell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dee Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ali Abbas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barrios-González J, Pérez-Sánchez A, Bibián ME. New knowledge about the biosynthesis of lovastatin and its production by fermentation of Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8979-8998. [PMID: 32930839 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, and its semisynthetic derivative simvastatine, has great medical and economic importance, besides great potential for other uses. In the last years, a deeper and more complex view of secondary metabolism regulation has emerged, with the incorporation of cluster-specific and global transcription factors, and their relation to signaling cascades, as well as the new level of epigenetic regulation. Recently, a new mechanism, which regulates lovastatin biosynthesis, at transcriptional level, has been discovered: reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation; also new unexpected environmental stimuli have been identified, which induce the synthesis of lovastatin, like quorum sensing-type molecules and support stimuli. The present review describes this new panorama and uses this information, together with the knowledge on lovastatin biosynthesis and genomics, as the foundation to analyze literature on optimization of fermentation parameters and medium composition, and also to fully understand new strategies for strain genetic improvement. This new knowledge has been applied to the development of more effective culture media, with the addition of molecules like butyrolactone I, oxylipins, and spermidine, or with addition of ROS-generating molecules to increase internal ROS levels in the cell. It has also been applied to the development of new strategies to generate overproducing strains of Aspergillus terreus, including engineering of the cluster-specific transcription factor (lovE), global transcription factors like the ones implicated in ROS regulation (or even mitochondrial alternative respiration aox gen), or the global regulator LaeA. Moreover, there is potential to apply some of these findings to the development of novel unconventional production systems. KEY POINTS: • New findings in regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis, like ROS regulation. • Induction by unexpected stimuli: autoinducer molecules and support stimuli. • Recent reports on culture medium and process optimization from this stand point. • Applications to molecular genetic strain improvement methods and production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrios-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ailed Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Esmeralda Bibián
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azeem M, Saleem Y, Hussain Z, Zahoor S, Javed MM. Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Production of Lovastatin by Aspergillus Terreus in Submerged Fermentation. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Hasan H, Abd Rahim MH, Campbell L, Carter D, Abbas A, Montoya A. Overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Aspergillus terreus to increase lovastatin production. N Biotechnol 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29727712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the application of homologous recombination techniques in a wild-type Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 20542) strain to increase the flow of precursors towards the lovastatin biosynthesis pathway. A new strain was generated to overexpress acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) by replacing the native ACCase promoter with a strong constitutive PadhA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. Glycerol and a mixture of lactose and glycerol were used independently as the carbon feedstock to determine the degree of response by the A. terreus strains towards the production of acetyl-CoA, and malonyl-CoA. The new strain increased the levels of malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA by 240% and 14%, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain. As a result, lovastatin production was increased by 40% and (+)-geodin was decreased by 31% using the new strain. This study shows for the first time that the metabolism of Aspergillus terreus can be manipulated to attain higher levels of precursors and valuable secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Hasan
- University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Australia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Australia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Malaysia
| | - Leona Campbell
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - Dee Carter
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - Ali Abbas
- University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Australia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bizukojc M, Ledakowicz S. Bioprocess Engineering Aspects of the Cultivation of a Lovastatin Producer Aspergillus terreus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:133-70. [PMID: 25633258 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review bioprocess engineering aspects of lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemia drug) production by Aspergillus terreus in the submerged culture in the bioreactors of various scale presented in the scientific literature since the nineties of the twentieth century. The key factor influencing the cultivation of any filamentous species is fungal morphology and that is why this aspect was treated as the starting point for further considerations. Fungal morphology is known to have an impact on the following issues connected with the cultivation of A. terreus reviewed in this article. These are broth viscosity in conjunction with non-Newtonian behaviour of the cultivation broths, and multistage oxygen transfer processes: from gas phase (air) to liquid phase (broth) and diffusion in the fungal agglomerates. The latest achievements concerning the controlling A. terreus morphology during lovastatin biosynthesis with the use of morphological engineering techniques were also reviewed. Last but not least, some attention was paid to the type of a bioreactor, its operational mode and kinetic modelling of lovastatin production by A. terreus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bizukojc
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The present study describes the enhanced production and purification of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus in submerged batch fermentation. The enhancement of lovastatin production from A. terreus was attempted by random mutagenesis using ultraviolet radiations and nitrous acid. UV mutants exhibited increased efficiency for lovastatin production as compared with nitrous acid mutants. Among all the mutants developed, A. terreus UV-4 was found to be the hyper producer of lovastatin. This mutant gave 3.5-fold higher lovastatin production than the wild culture of A. terreus NRRL 265. Various cultural conditions were also optimized for hyper-producing mutant strain. 5 % glucose as carbon source, 1.5 % corn steep liquor as nitrogen source, initial pH value of 6, 120 h of incubation period, and 28 °C of incubation temperature were found as best parameters for higher lovastatin production in shake flasks. Production of lovastatin by wild and mutant strains of A. terreus was also scaled up to laboratory scale fermentor. The fermentation process was conducted at 28 °C, 200 rpm agitation, and 1vvm air flow rate without pH control. After the optimization of cultural conditions in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and scaling up to laboratory scale fermentor, the mutant A. terreus UV-4 gave eightfold higher lovastatin production (3249.95 μg/ml) than its production by wild strain in shake flasks. Purification of lovastatin was carried out by solvent extraction method which yielded 977.1 mg/l of lovastatin with 98.99 % chromatographic purity and 26.76 % recovery. The crystal structure of lovastatin was determined using X-ray diffraction analysis which is first ever reported.
Collapse
|
9
|
Atlı B, Yamaç M, Yıldız Z, Isikhuemhen OS. Statistical optimization of lovastatin production by Omphalotus olearius (DC.) singer in submerged fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 46:254-60. [PMID: 25807304 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1015567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, culture conditions were optimized to improve lovastatin production by Omphalotus olearius, isolate OBCC 2002, using statistical experimental designs. The Plackett-Burman design was used to select important variables affecting lovastatin production. Accordingly, glucose, peptone, and agitation speed were determined as the variables that have influence on lovastatin production. In a further experiment, these variables were optimized with a Box-Behnken design and applied in a submerged process; this resulted in 12.51 mg/L lovastatin production on a medium containing glucose (10 g/L), peptone (5 g/L), thiamine (1 mg/L), and NaCl (0.4 g/L) under static conditions. This level of lovastatin production is eight times higher than that produced under unoptimized media and growth conditions by Omphalotus olearius. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to optimize submerged fermentation process for lovastatin production by Omphalotus olearius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Atlı
- a Graduate School of Sciences , Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yamaç
- b Department of Biology , Faculty of Science and Arts, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Zeki Yıldız
- c Department of Statistics , Faculty of Science and Arts, Eskişehir Osmangazi University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Omoanghe S Isikhuemhen
- d Mushroom Biology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory , North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miyake T, Uchitomi K, Zhang MY, Kono I, Nozaki N, Sammoto H, Inagaki K. Effects of the Principal Nutrients on Lovastatin Production byMonascus pilosus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1154-9. [PMID: 16717416 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin production is dependent on the substrates provided. We investigated how several carbon and nitrogen sources in the medium affect lovastatin production by Monascus pilosus. M. pilosus required a suitable concentration of organic nitrogen peptone for high lovastatin production. As sole carbon source with peptone, although glucose strongly repressed lovastatin production, maltose was responsible for high production. Interestingly, glycerol combined with maltose enhanced lovastatin production, up to 444 mg/l in the most effective case. Moreover, an isolated mutant, in which glucose repression might be relieved, easily produced the highest level of lovastatin, 725 mg/l on glucose-glycerol-peptone medium. These observations indicate that lovastatin production by M. pilosus is regulated by strict glucose repression and that an appropriate release from this repression by optimizing medium composition and/or by a mutation(s) is required for high lovastatin production.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Wang YL, Lu LP, Zhang BB, Xu GR. Enhanced production of Monacolin K by addition of precursors and surfactants in submerged fermentation ofMonascus purpureus9901. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:202-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Long Wang
- Dairy Research Institute; Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd; State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seenivasan A, Subhagar S, Aravindan R, Viruthagiri T. Microbial production and biomedical applications of lovastatin. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:701-9. [PMID: 21369428 PMCID: PMC3040861 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.49087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lovastatin is a potent hypercholesterolemic drug used for lowering blood cholesterol. Lovastatin acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Commercially lovastatin is produced by a variety of filamentous fungi including Penicillium species, Monascus ruber and Aspergillus terreus as a secondary metabolite. Production of lovastatin by fermentation decreases the production cost compared to costs of chemical synthesis. In recent years, lovastatin has also been reported as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of tumors and also play a tremendous role in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune response, coagulation process, bone turnover, neovascularization, vascular tone, and arterial pressure. This review deals with the structure, biosynthesis, various modes of fermentation and applications of lovastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Seenivasan
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Kaur H, Kaur A, Saini HS, Chadha BS. Response surface methodology for lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus GD13 strain. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2010; 57:377-91. [PMID: 21183423 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.57.2010.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A wild type Aspergillus terreus GD13 strain, chosen after extensive screening, was optimized for lovastatin production using statistical Box-Behnken design of experiments. The interactive effect of four process parameters, i.e. lactose and soybean meal, inoculum size (spore concentration) and age of the spore culture, on the production of lovastatin was evaluated employing response surface methodology (RSM). The model highlighted the positive effect of soybean meal concentration and inoculum level for achieving maximal level of lovastatin (1342 mg/l). The optimal fermentation conditions improved the lovastatin titre by 7.0-folds when compared to the titres obtained under unoptimized conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sainz Herrán N, Casas López JL, Sánchez Pérez JA, Chisti Y. Influence of ultrasound amplitude and duty cycle on fungal morphology and broth rheology of Aspergillus terreus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Enhancement of Lovastatin Production by Supplementing Polyketide Antibiotics to the Submerged Culture of Aspergillus terreus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2014-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Jia Z, Zhang X, Cao X. Effects of carbon sources on fungal morphology and lovastatin biosynthesis by submerged cultivation of Aspergillus terreus. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Bizukojc M, Ledakowicz S. A macrokinetic modelling of the biosynthesis of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus. J Biotechnol 2007; 130:422-35. [PMID: 17602773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work a simple kinetic model to describe the biosynthesis of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 was proposed. Several series of experiments were conducted at different media compositions. The concentrations of C- and N-sources were changed over a wide range and so were the initial biomass concentrations. From these runs the relationships ruling the substrates uptake, biomass and product formation were learnt. Lovastatin biosynthesis appeared to be partly growth associated. The inhibitive effect of organic nitrogen on lovastatin biosynthesis was found and lactose appeared to be an important limiting substrate in the formation of lovastatin. The parameters of the model were evaluated on the basis of the kinetic data obtained in the separate experiments made in triplicate at two chosen media compositions. Other results obtained at different media compositions were independent of the ones mentioned above and used for the verification of the model. The validity of the model was also examined for the lactose-fed fed-batch run. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters was performed. The formulated model, although relatively simplified, described the experimental data quite well and could be regarded as the background for further attempts to mathematically describe the process of lovastatin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bizukojc
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Wolczanska 213/215, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Camacho FG, Rodríguez JG, Mirón AS, García MCC, Belarbi EH, Chisti Y, Grima EM. Biotechnological significance of toxic marine dinoflagellates. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 25:176-94. [PMID: 17208406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are microalgae that are associated with the production of many marine toxins. These toxins poison fish, other wildlife and humans. Dinoflagellate-associated human poisonings include paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera fish poisoning. Dinoflagellate toxins and bioactives are of increasing interest because of their commercial impact, influence on safety of seafood, and potential medical and other applications. This review discusses biotechnological methods of identifying toxic dinoflagellates and detecting their toxins. Potential applications of the toxins are discussed. A lack of sufficient quantities of toxins for investigational purposes remains a significant limitation. Producing quantities of dinoflagellate bioactives requires an ability to mass culture them. Considerations relating to bioreactor culture of generally fragile and slow-growing dinoflagellates are discussed. Production and processing of dinoflagellates to extract bioactives, require attention to biosafety considerations as outlined in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Garcia Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodríguez Porcel EM, Casas López JL, Sánchez Pérez JA, Fernández Sevilla JM, García Sánchez JL, Chisti Y. Aspergillus terreus Broth Rheology, Oxygen Transfer, and Lovastatin Production in a Gas-Agitated Slurry Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0600801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Rodríguez Porcel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. L. Casas López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. A. Sánchez Pérez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. M. Fernández Sevilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J. L. García Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Y. Chisti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain, and Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gavrilescu M, Chisti Y. Biotechnology-a sustainable alternative for chemical industry. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 23:471-99. [PMID: 15919172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the current and emerging applications of biotechnology, particularly in the production and processing of chemicals, for sustainable development. Biotechnology is "the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents". Some of the defining technologies of modern biotechnology include genetic engineering; culture of recombinant microorganisms, cells of animals and plants; metabolic engineering; hybridoma technology; bioelectronics; nanobiotechnology; protein engineering; transgenic animals and plants; tissue and organ engineering; immunological assays; genomics and proteomics; bioseparations and bioreactor technologies. Environmental and economic benefits that biotechnology can offer in manufacturing, monitoring and waste management are highlighted. These benefits include the following: greatly reduced dependence on nonrenewable fuels and other resources; reduced potential for pollution of industrial processes and products; ability to safely destroy accumulated pollutants for remediation of the environment; improved economics of production; and sustainable production of existing and novel products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry, Technical University Iasi, 71 Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paterson RRM. The isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of patulin biosynthesis in cultures and secondary metabolites as candidate PCR inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 108:1431-7. [PMID: 15757179 DOI: 10.1017/s095375620400142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has introduced statutory limits for patulin in fruit products. Species definitions need to be unambiguous for this capability, especially to determine 'weak spots' in food, drink and feed production. Fungi were analysed for the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (IDH) gene of the patulin metabolic pathway to indicate potential patulin production. In several cases inhibition of PCR product formation was indicated. Dilution as a means of overcoming PCR inhibition and to determine optimal concentrations was assessed and the ramifications for nucleic acid analysis in general are highlighted. The inhibitors may be secondary metabolites. However, inhibition was not involved obviously for Penicillium brevicompactum. The gene was detected frequently from Aspergillus section Clavati and Penicillium subgenus Penicillium species. Some strains within certain species were negative for the gene. Detection of the gene product in Byssochlamys is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Micoteca da Universidade do Minho (MUM), Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|