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Yang L, Kong W, Yang W, Li D, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zheng S. High D-arabitol production with osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation by Yarrowia lipolytica and proteomic analysis under nitrogen source perturbation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109936. [PMID: 34715526 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
D-arabitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, is widely used in food and pharmacy industry as a lower calorie sweetener or intermediate. Appropriate osmotic pressure was confirmed to facilitate polyol production by an osmophilic yeast strain of Yarrowia lipolytica with glycerol. In this study, an osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation strategy was used for high D-arabitol producing by Y. lipolytica ARA9 with crude glycerol. Glycerol was added to the broth quantitatively not only as a substrate but also as an osmotic agent. Meanwhile, NH3·H2O was fed as a nitrogen source and pH regulator. The maximum D-arabitol production reached 118.5 g/L at 108 h with the yield of 0.49 g/g and productivity of 1.10 g/L/h, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis was used to study the cellular responses under excess and deficient nitrogen sources. Thirty-one differentially expressed protein spots belonging to seven different biological processes were identified. Excess nitrogen source enhanced gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways, both of which were involved in arabitol synthesis. In addition, cell growth was facilitated by increased expression of nucleotide and structural proteins. Enhanced energy and NADPH biosynthesis were employed to create a reductive environment and quell reactive oxygen species, improving D-arabitol production. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in cell rescue and stress response mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species elimination and heat shock protein response. The identified differentially expressed proteins provide information to reveal the mechanisms of the cellular responses under nitrogen source perturbation, and also provide guidance to improve D-arabitol production in metabolic engineering or process optimization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiBo Yang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Wei Kong
- The First Department of General Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, 59 Congtai North Road, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Handan Blood Center, 18 Dongliu West Road, Handan, Hebei 056001, China
| | - Danpeng Li
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China.
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Yang B, Sun Y, Fu S, Xia M, Su Y, Liu C, Zhang C, Zhang D. Improving the Production of Riboflavin by Introducing a Mutant Ribulose 5-Phosphate 3-Epimerase Gene in Bacillus subtilis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:704650. [PMID: 34395408 PMCID: PMC8359813 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.704650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) and guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) are two key precursors of riboflavin, whereby Ru5P is also a precursor of GTP. Ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (Rpe) catalyzes the conversion of ribulose 5-phosphate into xylulose 5-phosphate. Inactivation of Rpe can reduce the consumption of Ru5P, enhancing the carbon flux toward riboflavin biosynthesis. Here we investigated the effect of mutation of rpe and other related genes on riboflavin production, physiological and metabolic phenotypes in Bacillus subtilis LY (BSLY). Introducing single nucleotide deletion (generated BSR) or nonsense mutation (generated BSRN) on the genomic copy of rpe, resulting in more than fivefold increase of riboflavin production over the parental strain. BSR process 62% Rpe activity, while BSRN lost the entire Rpe activity and had a growth defect compared with the parent strain. BSR and BSRN exhibited increases of the inosine and guanine titers, in addition, BSRN exhibited an increase of inosine 5′-monophosphate titer in fermentation. The transcription levels of most oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and purine synthesis genes were unchanged in BSR, except for the levels of zwf and ndk, which were higher than in BSLY. The production of riboflavin was increased to 479.90 ± 33.21 mg/L when ribA was overexpressed in BSR. The overexpression of zwf, gntZ, prs, and purF also enhanced the riboflavin production. Finally, overexpression of the rib operon by the pMX45 plasmid and mutant gnd by pHP03 plasmid in BSR led to a 3.05-fold increase of the riboflavin production (977.29 ± 63.44 mg/L), showing the potential for further engineering of this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Shouying Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Xia
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao C, Zhao X, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang L. Enhanced D-ribose production by genetic modification and medium optimization in Bacillus subtilis 168. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018; 35:1137-1143. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park HC, Kim YJ, Lee CW, Rho YT, Kang J, Lee DH, Seong YJ, Park YC, Lee D, Kim SG. Production of d -ribose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wei Z, Zhou J, Sun W, Cui F, Xu Q, Liu C. Improvement of D-Ribose Production from Corn Starch Hydrolysate by a Transketolase-Deficient Strain Bacillus subtilis UJS0717. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:535097. [PMID: 26759810 PMCID: PMC4681011 DOI: 10.1155/2015/535097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
D-Ribose is a five-carbon sugar and generally used as an energy source to improve athletic performance and the ability. The culture conditions for maximum D-ribose production performance from cheap raw material corn starch hydrolysate were improved by using one-factor-at-a-time experiments and a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design. The optimal fermentation parameters were obtained as 36°C culture temperature, 10% inoculum volume, and 7.0 initial pH. The mathematical model was then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and their interactions on the production of D-ribose and estimated that the optimized D-ribose production performance with the concentration of 62.13 g/L, yield of 0.40 g/g, and volumetric productivity of 0.86 g/L·h could be obtained when the medium compositions were set as 157 g/L glucose, 21 g/L corn steep liquor, 3.2 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 1 g/L yeast extract, 0.05 g/L MnSO4·H2O, and 20 g/L CaCO3. These findings indicated the D-ribose production performance was significantly improved compared to that under original conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Wei
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - WenJing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - FengJie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - QinHua Xu
- Shandong Depu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271200, China
| | - ChangFeng Liu
- Shandong Depu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271200, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratish Gawand
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
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Li H, Zhang G, Deng A, Chen N, Wen T. De novo engineering and metabolic flux analysis of inosine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1575-80. [PMID: 21424839 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type B. subtilis strain W168 was de novo engineered for inosine biosynthesis. Inactivation of deoD and purA led to 0.15 ± 0.04 and 6.44 ± 0.39 g inosine/l yields, respectively. The deoD purA double mutant accumulated 7.6 ± 0.34 g inosine/l, with a 4.7% (w/w) conversion ratio from glucose to inosine. Comparative metabolic flux analysis revealed that the fluxes from inosine to hypoxanthine and from inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate in the double mutant decreased to 14.0 and 0.61% of those in the wild-type strain. The major role of purA was demonstrated when inactivation of deoD and purA were found to contribute additively to inosine accumulation. This work is expected to contribute to the improvement of the fermentative production of purine nucleosides in the microbial industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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