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Liu H, Wang J, Gao Q, Lu Y, Wang C, Zheng L, Li L, Guo X. The effects of forewarning and divided attention on context retrieval in false recognition. Memory 2024; 32:111-128. [PMID: 38346234 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2314979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
After studying a list of words that are semantically associated to a critical lure, participants are more likely to attribute a falsely recognised critical lure to the context of its strong than weak semantic associates. This is known as the source-strength effect. The current study investigated the roles of automatic and controlled processing in context retrieval in false recognition that is demonstrated by the source-strength effect. The results revealed that the source-strength effect was impervious to forewarning (Experiment 1) and remained intact when attentional resources at encoding were reduced (Experiment 2), suggesting that context retrieval in false recognition is based on automatic processes that are not amenable to conscious control and do not require many attentional resources. This interpretation is consistent with the associative activation theory, which proposes that context retrieval in false recognition is based on memory associations between contexts and critical lures that are automatically created when critical lures become automatically activated via spreading activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Liu
- School of Health Management, XiHua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Gao
- School of Health Management, XiHua University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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