Three-dimensional HDlive rendering images of the TRAP sequence in the first trimester: reverse end-diastolic umbilical artery velocity in a pump twin with an adverse pregnancy outcome

Three-dimensional ultrasonography by means of HDlive rendering in the first trimester of pregnancy: A pictorial review

Our objective was to describe early embryo/fetus anatomy and abnormalities provided by three and four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound using HDlive rendering technology in the first trimester of pregnancy. Normal and pathologic embryonic and fetal volume data set with postprocessing using HDlive rendering mode. Virtual fetoscopic imaging of the normal and pathologic fetus even at early stage of development with increasing maternal-fetal bonding process. HDlive represents a novel and valuable lightening system for 3D/4D ultrasound application that may aid the prenatal interpretation of early congenital malformations although limitations and cautions are still needed for inclusion in obstetric clinical practice.

HDlive rendering images of the fetal stomach: a preliminary report

PURPOSE

This study aimed to show reconstruction of the fetal stomach using the HDlive rendering mode in ultrasound.

METHODS

Seventeen healthy singleton fetuses at 18-34 weeks' gestational age were observed using the HDlive rendering mode of ultrasound in utero.

RESULTS

In all of the fetuses, we identified specific spatial structures, including macroscopic anatomical features (e.g., the pyrous, cardia, fundus, and great curvature) of the fetal stomach, using the HDlive rendering mode. In particular, HDlive rendering images showed remarkably fine details that appeared as if they were being viewed under an endoscope, with visible rugal folds after 27 weeks' gestational age.

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that the HDlive rendering mode can be used as an additional method for evaluating the fetal stomach. The HDlive rendering mode shows detailed 3D structural images and anatomically realistic images of the fetal stomach. This technique may be effective in prenatal diagnosis for examining detailed information of fetal organs.

Assessment of embryo/fetus during pregnancy by threedimensional ultrasonography using the HD live software: iconographic essay

Fetal development is studied since the advent of two-dimensional ultrasonography. However, a detailed assessment of structures and surfaces improved with three-dimensional ultrasonography. Currently, it is possible to identify embryonic components and fetal parts with greater detail, at all pregnancy trimesters, using the HD live software, where the images gain realistic features by means of appropriate control of lighting and shadowing effects. In the present study, the authors utilized this resource to follow-up, by means of images, the development of a normal pregnancy along all trimesters.

HDlive 3D ultrasound and follicular development

Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography is the fundamental technology on which diagnosis, management, and control in reproductive medicine depends. Over the years there have been efforts to improve 2D ultrasound image quality. In recent years, a series of software has appeared that has generated enormous interest. The goal of these modes has been to improve image quality and diagnostic accuracy. HDlive incorporates a movable virtual adjustable light source which, as it penetrates, produces selective illumination with respective shadows that result from the structures where light is reflected. This combination of light and shadow results in spectacular images which appear much more real than those obtained with conventional 3D ultrasonography.

Four-dimensional HDlive rendering image of fetal facial expression: a pictorial essay

BACKGROUND

Our objective was to present our experience of fetal facial expressions reconstructed employing the four-dimensional (4D) HDlive rendering mode.

METHODS

A total of 23 normal fetuses at 18-36 weeks' gestation were studied using the 4D HDlive rendering mode.

RESULTS

The 4D HDlive rendering mode provided extraordinarily realistic features of the fetal face. In particular, blinking, mouthing, swallowing, yawning, tongue expulsion, and sucking were clearly noted. Moreover, various realistic fetal emotional expressions such as smiling-like and crying-like movements were recognized. The 4D HDlive rendered images of fetal facial expressions seem to be more readily discernible than those obtained by conventional 4D ultrasonography.

CONCLUSION

Observation of facial expressions using the 4D HDlive rendering mode is considered to reflect the normal and abnormal neurological development of the fetus. Therefore, the 4D HDlive rendering mode may assist in evaluation of fetal brain function, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional 4D ultrasonography.

Antenatal three-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of persistent cloaca

We present a case of fetal persistent cloaca diagnosed by two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) sonography and the HDlive rendering mode. 2D sonography revealed a bicornate uterus with hydrometra, bilateral hydrosalpinx, a single umbilical artery, and ascites. 3D sonography and the HDlive rendering mode clearly showed these intra-abdominal structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of persistent cloaca employing antenatal 3D sonography and the HDlive rendering mode.