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Bianchi E, Bañobre-Lopez M, Ruggeri M, Del Favero E, Vigani B, Ricci C, Boselli C, Icaro Cornaglia A, Albino M, Sangregorio C, Lascialfari A, Zanovello J, Jannelli E, Pavesi FC, Rossi S, Casettari L, Sandri G. Magnetic scaffolds for the mechanotransduction stimulation in tendon tissue regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2025; 32:101699. [PMID: 40236815 PMCID: PMC11999374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, tendon injuries represent a global health issue that annually affects millions of individuals. An innovative approach for their treatment is represented by the development of tissue engineered scaffolds able to support the host cells adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation. However, the scaffold alone could be insufficient to guarantee an improvement of healing control. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are gaining interest due to their unique properties. In particular, when combined with bio-mimetic scaffolds, they should lead to the cells mechano-stimulation, improving the tenogenic differentiation and allowing a deeper tissue reparation. The aim of this work is the study and the development of scaffolds based on polyhydroxybutyrate and gelatin and doped with Fe3O4 NPs. The scaffolds are characterized by an aligned fibrous shape able to mimic the tendon fascicles. Moreover, they possess a superparamagnetic behavior and a slow degradation rate that should guarantee structural support during the tissue regeneration. The magnetic scaffolds promote cell proliferation and alignment onto the matrix, in particular when combined with the application of an external magnetic field. Also, the cells are able to differentiate and produce collagen I extracellular matrix. Finally, the magnetic scaffold in vivo promotes complete tissue healing after 1 week of treatment when combined with the external magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bianchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA Viale Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA Viale Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martin Albino
- CNR-ICCOM, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence and INSTM, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- CNR-ICCOM, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence and INSTM, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lascialfari
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia and INFN section, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Zanovello
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Jannelli
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Claudio Pavesi
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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2
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Hu J, Liu S, Fan C. Applications of functionally-adapted hydrogels in tendon repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1135090. [PMID: 36815891 PMCID: PMC9934866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the efforts made in tissue engineering for tendon repair, the management of tendon injuries still poses a challenge, as current treatments are unable to restore the function of tendons following injuries. Hydrogels, due to their exceptional biocompatibility and plasticity, have been extensively applied and regarded as promising candidate biomaterials in tissue regeneration. Varieties of approaches have designed functionally-adapted hydrogels and combined hydrogels with other factors (e.g., bioactive molecules or drugs) or materials for the enhancement of tendon repair. This review first summarized the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the process of tendon healing. Afterward, we discussed novel strategies in fabricating hydrogels to overcome the issues frequently encountered during the applications in tendon repair, including poor mechanical properties and undesirable degradation. In addition, we comprehensively summarized the rational design of hydrogels for promoting stem-cell-based tendon tissue engineering via altering biophysical and biochemical factors. Finally, the role of macrophages in tendon repair and how they respond to immunomodulatory hydrogels were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Civera M, Devietti Goggia E, De Ros M, Burgio V, Bergamin F, Rodriguez Reinoso M, Surace C. Implantable medical devices for tendon and ligament repair: a review of patents and commercial products. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:825-845. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2142557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Civera
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ester Devietti Goggia
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo De Ros
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vito Burgio
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Bergamin
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ivrea Hospital, Ivrea, Italy
| | - Mariana Rodriguez Reinoso
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Surace
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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4
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Bianchi E, Faccendini A, Del Favero E, Ricci C, Caliogna L, Vigani B, Pavesi FC, Perotti C, Domingues RMA, Gomes ME, Rossi S, Sandri G. Topographical and Compositional Gradient Tubular Scaffold for Bone to Tendon Interface Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102153. [PMID: 36297586 PMCID: PMC9607365 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enthesis is an extremely specific region, localized at the tendon–bone interface (TBI) and made of a hybrid connection of fibrocartilage with minerals. The direct type of enthesis tissue is commonly subjected to full laceration, due to the stiffness gradient between the soft tissues and hard bone, and this often reoccurs after surgical reconstruction. For this purpose, the present work aimed to design and develop a tubular scaffold based on pullulan (PU) and chitosan (CH) and intended to enhance enthesis repair. The scaffold was designed with a topographical gradient of nanofibers, from random to aligned, and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles along the tubular length. In particular, one part of the tubular scaffold was characterized by a structure similar to bone hard tissue, with a random mineralized fiber arrangement; while the other part was characterized by aligned fibers, without HAP doping. The tubular shape of the scaffold was also designed to be extemporarily loaded with chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan effective in wound healing, before the surgery. Micro CT analysis revealed that the scaffold was characterized by a continuous gradient, without interruptions from one end to the other. The gradient of the fiber arrangement was observed using SEM analysis, and it was still possible to observe the gradient when the scaffold had been hydrated for 6 days. In vitro studies demonstrated that human adipose stem cells (hASC) were able to grow and differentiate onto the scaffold, expressing the typical ECM production for tendon in the aligned zone, or bone tissue in the random mineralized part. CS resulted in a synergistic effect, favoring cell adhesion/proliferation on the scaffold surface. These results suggest that this tubular scaffold loaded with CS could be a powerful tool to support enthesis repair upon surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bianchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Faccendini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, LITA, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Laura Caliogna
- Orthopedy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, i3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, i3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Peixoto T, Carneiro S, Fangueiro R, Guedes RM, Paiva MC, Lopes MA. Engineering hybrid textile braids for tendon and ligament repair application. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Peixoto
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Departamento de Engenharia de Polímeros Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sofia Carneiro
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Raúl Fangueiro
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui M. Guedes
- INEGI, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Maria C. Paiva
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Departamento de Engenharia de Polímeros Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Maria A. Lopes
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
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6
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Peixoto T, Carneiro S, Pereira F, Santos C, Fangueiro R, Duarte I, Paiva MC, Lopes MA, Guedes RM. Hybrid structures for Achilles' tendon repair. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Peixoto
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Departamento de Engenharia de Polímeros Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sofia Carneiro
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fábio Pereira
- CITAB, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia Universidade de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal
| | - Cristóvão Santos
- LAETA – Laboratório Associado em Energia Transportes e Aeronáutica – INEGI Porto Portugal
| | - Raúl Fangueiro
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- Centro de Tecnologia Mecânica e Automação (TEMA), Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria C. Paiva
- Instituto de Polímeros e Compósitos, Departamento de Engenharia de Polímeros Universidade do Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Maria A. Lopes
- REQUIMTE‐LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rui M. Guedes
- INEGI, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
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7
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Sarıkaya B, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Aligned silk fibroin/poly-3-hydroxybutyrate nanofibrous scaffolds seeded with adipose-derived stem cells for tendon tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:276-286. [PMID: 34687764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs), which were seeded onto silk fibroin/poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (SF/P3HB) scaffolds with aligned topography, and high mechanical strength. The electrospinning process was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM) and SF/P3HB nanofibrous matrices with a total polymer concentration of 5% (SF: PHB = 3: 1), flow rate 1 mL/h, collector rotation speed 2000 rpm, applied voltage 14 kV, and collector distance 25 cm were obtained. The average fiber diameter was 699 ± 203 nm and 80% of the nanofibers were aligned within the ±15o range. SF reinforcement reduced the crystallinity of P3HB, and the elastic modulus was found to be 197.0 ± 7.7 MPa. The scaffolds showed bacteriostatic effect. A 21-day of cell culture study was performed with rat rAdMSCs in the absence and presence of tenogenic differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5). The results demonstrated that SF/P3HB scaffolds allow the cells to proliferate and differentiate to the tenocytes. However, no significant effect of GDF-5 on the differentiation of cells was observed. These findings indicated that our aligned SF/P3HB scaffolds have a significant potential to be used for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Sarıkaya
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Bioengineering Division, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu
- Hacettepe University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Bioengineering Division, Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Mienaltowski MJ, Gonzales NL, Beall JM, Pechanec MY. Basic Structure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix Collagens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:5-43. [PMID: 34807414 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments is highly dependent upon the collagens and other such extracellular matrix molecules hierarchically organized within the tissues. By dry weight, connective tissues are mostly composed of fibrillar collagens. However, several other forms of collagens play essential roles in the regulation of fibrillar collagen organization and assembly, in the establishment of basement membrane networks that provide support for vasculature for connective tissues, and in the formation of extensive filamentous networks that allow for cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as maintain connective tissue integrity. The structures and functions of these collagens are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, collagen synthesis is a multi-step process that includes gene transcription, translation, post-translational modifications within the cell, triple helix formation, extracellular secretion, extracellular modifications, and then fibril assembly, fibril modifications, and fiber formation. Each step of collagen synthesis and fibril assembly is highly dependent upon the biochemical structure of the collagen molecules created and how they are modified in the cases of development and maturation. Likewise, when the biochemical structures of collagens or are compromised or these molecules are deficient in the tissues - in developmental diseases, degenerative conditions, or injuries - then the ultimate form and function of the connective tissues are impaired. In this chapter, we also review how biochemistry plays a role in each of the processes involved in collagen synthesis and assembly, and we describe differences seen by anatomical location and region within tendons. Moreover, we discuss how the structures of the molecules, fibrils, and fibers contribute to connective tissue physiology in health, and in pathology with injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Gonzales
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Beall
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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9
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Santos Morais D, Azenha Rodrigues M, Lopes C, Vaz F, Grenho L, Helena Fernandes M, Miranda Guedes R, Ascensão Lopes M. Bioactive and biopassive treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) multifilament textile yarns to improve/prevent fibroblast viability. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2213-2226. [PMID: 34037321 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To modulate the physicochemical features of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) multifilaments surface composing a complex textile structure (core and shell system), intended to improve upon current implants for high extension injuries of the Achilles tendon or even for its total replacement, two surface treatments with different purposes (bioactive and biopassive) were studied. The first treatment is based on amino groups grafting using ethylenediamine molecules to be applied in the structure core to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. The other treatment relates to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating to be applied in the structure shell to decrease its coefficient of friction and avoid adhesions. Both treatments were optimized to reach their purposed goals without harming the tensile properties of PET yarns, which were evaluated by static tensile tests. The resazurin assay and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the purposed goals related to fibroblast adhesion were achieved for both treatments and in the case of PTFE coating, the abrasion resistance was also improved according to the yarn-on-yarn abrasion tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos Morais
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEGI-Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Departmento de Engenharia Mecânica DEMec-FEUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Azenha Rodrigues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lopes
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (FMDUP), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto (FMDUP), Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Miranda Guedes
- INEGI-Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, Departmento de Engenharia Mecânica DEMec-FEUP, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr.Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Ascensão Lopes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mitochondrial Transplantation Modulates Inflammation and Apoptosis, Alleviating Tendinopathy Both In Vivo and In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050696. [PMID: 33925007 PMCID: PMC8146308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition causing pain and dysfunction. Conventional treatment and surgical procedures for tendinopathy are insufficient; accordingly, recent research has focused on tendon-healing regenerative approaches. Tendon injuries usually occur in the hypoxic critical zone, characterized by increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; thus, exogenous intact mitochondria may be therapeutic. We aimed to assess whether mitochondrial transplantation could induce anti-inflammatory activity and modulate the metabolic state of a tendinopathy model. Exogenous mitochondria were successfully delivered into damaged tenocytes by centrifugation. Levels of Tenomodulin and Collagen I in damaged tenocytes were restored with reductions in nuclear factor-κB and matrix metalloproteinase 1. The dysregulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential was attenuated by mitochondrial transplantation. Activated mitochondrial fission markers, such as fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1, were dose-dependently downregulated. Apoptosis signaling pathway proteins were restored to the pre-damage levels. Similar changes were observed in a collagenase injection-induced rat model of tendinopathy. Exogenous mitochondria incorporated into the Achilles tendon reduced inflammatory and fission marker levels. Notably, collagen production was restored. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic effects of direct mitochondrial transplantation in tendinopathy. These effects may be explained by alterations in anti-inflammatory and apoptotic processes via changes in mitochondrial dynamics.
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11
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Experiment and modelling of the strain-rate-dependent response during in vitro degradation of PLA fibres. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-1964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Costa J, Peixoto T, Ferreira A, Vaz F, Lopes MA. Development and characterization of ZnO piezoelectric thin films on polymeric substrates for tissue repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2150-2159. [PMID: 31094062 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently available scaffolds for tissue repair have shown very limited success, so many efforts have being put in the development of novel functional materials capable of regulating cell behavior and enhance the tissue healing rate. Piezoelectric materials, as zinc oxide (ZnO), can be a very interesting solution for scaffold development, as they can deliver electrical signals to cells upon mechanical solicitation, allowing the development of suitable microenvironments for tissue repair. This way, it is reported the deposition of ZnO thin films on a polymer by direct current magnetron sputtering, under different conditions, in order to obtain a piezoelectric ZnO thin film with potential for tissue repair applications. The obtained ZnO thin films were characterized in terms of morphology, crystallography, electrical conductivity, transmittance, piezoelectricity, and adhesion quality. The deposition process resulted in uniform films, with a very good adhesion to the substrate. The different deposition conditions influenced the evolution of the crystalline domains and preferential growths and consequently, the electrical properties of the films. One of the conditions resulted in a thin film with a high piezoelectric coefficient and a conductor behavior, being considered the most promising to act as a bioactive coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Vaz
- Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria A Lopes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Peixoto T, Pereira FAM, Silva PL, Guedes RM, Torres J, Lopes MA. Fibrous structures in augmentation for rotator cuff repair: an experimental comparison. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aac63e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Herbst E, Imhoff FB, Foehr P, Milz S, Plank C, Rudolph C, Hasenpusch G, Geiger JP, Aneja MK, Groth K, Vogt S, Imhoff AB, Schmitt A. Chemically Modified Messenger RNA: Modified RNA Application for Treatment of Achilles Tendon Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:113-120. [PMID: 29676227 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different regenerative medicine approaches for tendon healing exist. Recently, especially gene therapy gained popularity. However, potential mutagenic and immunologic effects might prevent its translation to clinical research. Chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) might bypass these limitations of gene therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the early healing properties of Achilles tendon defects in rats treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) cmRNA. Forty male Lewis rats were used for the study and randomly assigned to two study groups: (1) treatment with cmRNA coding for bFGF and (2) noncoding cmRNA control. Protein expression was measured using in vivo bioluminescence imaging at 24, 48, and 72 h, as well as 14 days. Animals were euthanized 2 weeks following surgery. Biomechanical, histological, and immunohistological analyses were performed with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Protein expression was evident for 3 days. At 14 days, bioluminescence imaging revealed only little protein expression. Biomechanically, tendons treated with bFGF cmRNA showed a construct stiffness closer to the healthy contralateral side when compared with the control group (p = 0.034), without any significant differences in terms of load to failure. Hematoxylin and eosin staining detected no side effects of the treatment, as signs of inflammation, or necrosis. Furthermore, it revealed the shape of the nuclei to be more oval in the bFGF group in the tendon midsubstance (p = 0.043) with a reduced cell count (p = 0.035). Immunohistological staining for type I, II, III, and IV collagen did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, this pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy for Achilles tendon defects using chemically modified mRNA coding for bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Herbst
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,2 Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian B Imhoff
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Foehr
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Orthopaedics, Biomechanical Laboratory, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Milz
- 4 Department of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Vogt
- 6 Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Hessing Stiftung Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas B Imhoff
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitt
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Picaut L, Trichet L, Ronsin O, Haye B, Génois I, Baumberger T, Mosser G. Pure dense collagen threads from extrusion to fibrillogenesis stability. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaab78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Snedeker JG, Foolen J. Tendon injury and repair - A perspective on the basic mechanisms of tendon disease and future clinical therapy. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:18-36. [PMID: 28867648 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is an intricately organized connective tissue that efficiently transfers muscle force to the bony skeleton. Its structure, function, and physiology reflect the extreme, repetitive mechanical stresses that tendon tissues bear. These mechanical demands also lie beneath high clinical rates of tendon disorders, and present daunting challenges for clinical treatment of these ailments. This article aims to provide perspective on the most urgent frontiers of tendon research and therapeutic development. We start by broadly introducing essential elements of current understanding about tendon structure, function, physiology, damage, and repair. We then introduce and describe a novel paradigm explaining tendon disease progression from initial accumulation of damage in the tendon core to eventual vascular recruitment from the surrounding synovial tissues. We conclude with a perspective on the important role that biomaterials will play in translating research discoveries to the patient. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon and ligament problems represent the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints for which patients seek medical attention. Current therapeutic options for addressing tendon disorders are often ineffective, and the need for improved understanding of tendon physiology is urgent. This perspective article summarizes essential elements of our current knowledge on tendon structure, function, physiology, damage, and repair. It also describes a novel framework to understand tendon physiology and pathophysiology that may be useful in pushing the field forward.
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17
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Yang JL, Yao X, Qing Q, Zhang Y, Jiang YL, Ning LJ, Luo JC, Qin TW. An engineered tendon/ligament bioscaffold derived from decellularized and demineralized cortical bone matrix. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:468-478. [PMID: 28984044 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Liang Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Qing
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ju Ning
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Wu Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China
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18
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Oryan A, Sharifi P, Moshiri A, Silver IA. The role of three-dimensional pure bovine gelatin scaffolds in tendon healing, modeling, and remodeling: an in vivo investigation with potential clinical value. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:424-437. [PMID: 27662266 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1238468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Large tendon defects involving extensive tissue loss present complex clinical problems. Surgical reconstruction of such injuries is normally performed by transplanting autogenous and allogenous soft tissues that are expected to remodel to mimic a normal tendon. However, the use of grafts has always been associated with significant limitations. Tissue engineering employing artificial scaffolds may provide acceptable alternatives. Gelatin is a hydrolyzed form of collagen that is bioactive, biodegradable, and biocompatible. The present study has investigated the suitability of gelatin scaffold for promoting healing of a large tendon-defect model in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental model of a large tendon defect was produced by partial excision of the Achilles tendon of the left hind leg in adult rabbits. To standardize and stabilize the length of the tendon defect a modified Kessler core suture was anchored in the sectioned tendon ends. The defects were either left untreated or filled with three-dimensional gelatin scaffold. Before euthanasia 60 days after injury, the progress of healing was evaluated clinically. Samples of healing tendon were harvested at autopsy and evaluated by gross, histopathologic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, and by biomechanical testing. RESULTS The treated animals showed superior weight-bearing and physical activity compared with those untreated, while frequency of peritendinous adhesions around the healing site was reduced. The gelatin scaffold itself was totally degraded and replaced by neo-tendon that morphologically had significantly greater numbers, diameters, density, and maturation of collagen fibrils, fibers, and fiber bundles than untreated tendon scar tissue. It also had mechanically higher ultimate load, yield load, stiffness, maximum stress and elastic modulus, when compared to the untreated tendons. CONCLUSION Gelatin scaffold may be a valuable option in surgical reconstruction of large tendon defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Pardis Sharifi
- a Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ali Moshiri
- b RAZI Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ian A Silver
- c Department of Anatomy, Center for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy , School of Veterinary Science , Bristol , UK
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Wang JHC, Nirmala X. Application of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma to Treat Tendon Injuries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 26:68-72. [PMID: 27574378 DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries like tendinopathy are a serious healthcare problem in the United States. However, current treatments for tendon injuries are largely palliative. Biologics treatments, including tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) hold great potential to effectively treat tendon injuries. TSCs are tendon specific stem cells and have the ability to differentiate into tenocytes, the resident tendon cells responsible for tendon homeostasis and tendon repair in case of an injury. TSCs can also self-renew and thus can replenish the tendon with tendon cells (TSCs and tenocytes) to maintain a healthy tendon. The action of PRP can be complementary; PRP can augment and accelerate tendon healing by supplying abundant growth factors contained in platelets, and fibrin matrix, which functions as a natural conducive scaffold to facilitate tissue healing. This article provides a summary of the findings in recent basic and clinical studies on the applications of TSCs and PRP to the treatment of tendon injuries. It also outlines the challenges facing their applications in clinical settings. In particular, the controversy surrounding the efficacy of PRP treatment for tendon injuries are analyzed and solutions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xavier Nirmala
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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20
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Banik BL, Lewis GS, Brown JL. Multiscale Poly-(ϵ-caprolactone) Scaffold Mimicking Nonlinearity in Tendon Tissue Mechanics. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 2:1-9. [PMID: 27141530 PMCID: PMC4851111 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine plays a critical role in the future of medicine. However, challenges remain to balance stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and biochemical factors to create successful and effective scaffold designs. This project analyzes scaffold architecture with respect to mechanical capability and preliminary mesenchymal stem cell response for tendon regeneration. An electrospun fiber scaffold with tailorable properties based on a "Chinese-fingertrap" design is presented. The unique criss-crossed fiber structures demonstrate non-linear mechanical response similar to that observed in native tendon. Mechanical testing revealed that optimizing the fiber orientation resulted in the characteristic "S"-shaped curve, demonstrating a toe region and linear elastic region. This project has promising research potential across various disciplines: vascular engineering, nerve regeneration, and ligament and tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Banik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gregory S. Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Justin L. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA 16802
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