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Sodimu O, Almasian M, Gan P, Hassan S, Zhang X, Liu N, Ding Y. Light sheet imaging and interactive analysis of the cardiac structure in neonatal mice. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200278. [PMID: 36624523 PMCID: PMC10192002 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet microscopy (LSM) enables us to strengthen the understanding of cardiac development, injury, and regeneration in mammalian models. This emerging technique decouples laser illumination and fluorescence detection to investigate cardiac micro-structure and function with a high spatial resolution while minimizing photodamage and maximizing penetration depth. To unravel the potential of volumetric imaging in cardiac development and repair, we sought to integrate our in-house LSM, Adipo-Clear, and virtual reality (VR) with neonatal mouse hearts. We demonstrate the use of Adipo-Clear to render mouse hearts transparent, the development of our in-house LSM to capture the myocardial architecture within the intact heart, and the integration of VR to explore, measure, and assess regions of interests in an interactive manner. Collectively, we have established an innovative and holistic strategy for image acquisition and interpretation, providing an entry point to assess myocardial micro-architecture throughout the entire mammalian heart for the understanding of cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatofunmi Sodimu
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Milad Almasian
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sohail Hassan
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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Yuan J, Hassan SS, Wu J, Koger CR, Packard RRS, Shi F, Fei B, Ding Y. Extended reality for biomedicine. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37051227 PMCID: PMC10088349 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended reality (XR) refers to an umbrella of methods that allows users to be immersed in a three-dimensional (3D) or a 4D (spatial + temporal) virtual environment to different extents, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). While VR allows a user to be fully immersed in a virtual environment, AR and MR overlay virtual objects over the real physical world. The immersion and interaction of XR provide unparalleled opportunities to extend our world beyond conventional lifestyles. While XR has extensive applications in fields such as entertainment and education, its numerous applications in biomedicine create transformative opportunities in both fundamental research and healthcare. This Primer outlines XR technology from instrumentation to software computation methods, delineating the biomedical applications that have been advanced by state-of-the-art techniques. We further describe the technical advances overcoming current limitations in XR and its applications, providing an entry point for professionals and trainees to thrive in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Sohail S. Hassan
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Casey R. Koger
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA United States
- Veterans Affairs West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baowei Fei
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Computational Analysis of Cardiac Contractile Function. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:1983-1994. [PMID: 36301405 PMCID: PMC10091868 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure results in the high incidence and mortality all over the world. Mechanical properties of myocardium are critical determinants of cardiac function, with regional variations in myocardial contractility demonstrated within infarcted ventricles. Quantitative assessment of cardiac contractile function is therefore critical to identify myocardial infarction for the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. RECENT FINDINGS Current advancement of cardiac functional assessments is in pace with the development of imaging techniques. The methods tailored to advanced imaging have been widely used in cardiac magnetic resonance, echocardiography, and optical microscopy. In this review, we introduce fundamental concepts and applications of representative methods for each imaging modality used in both fundamental research and clinical investigations. All these methods have been designed or developed to quantify time-dependent 2-dimensional (2D) or 3D cardiac mechanics, holding great potential to unravel global or regional myocardial deformation and contractile function from end-systole to end-diastole. Computational methods to assess cardiac contractile function provide a quantitative insight into the analysis of myocardial mechanics during cardiac development, injury, and remodeling.
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Aslani N, Behmanesh A, Garavand A, Maleki M, Davoodi F, Shams R. The Virtual Reality Technology Effects and Features in Cardiology Interventions Training: A Scoping Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:77. [PMID: 36128285 PMCID: PMC9448494 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Virtual Reality (VR) as an emerging and developing technology has received much attention in healthcare and trained different medical groups. Implementing specialized training in cardiac surgery is one of the riskiest and most sensitive issues related to clinical training. Studies have been conducted to train cardiac residents using this technology. This study aimed to identify the effects and features of VR technology in cardiology interventions training.
Methods: This scoping review was conducted in 2021 by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences scientific databases by combining the related keywords. A data extraction form was used for data gathering. Data analyses were done through the content analysis method, and results were reported based on the study objectives. Results: 21 studies were included; from the 777 articles found in the initial searches, seven (33.33%) were RCT studies. VR-based education studies in cardiology interventions have grown significantly in recent years. The main effects of applying VR include improved user attitude and satisfaction, improved performance after VR training, and improved training and learning. Input devices include tracking devices, point input devices, and controllers. Output devices were three main categories include graphics audios and haptic. Conclusion: The use of new technologies, especially VR, can improve the efficiency of medical training in clinical settings. It recommends that this technology train the necessary skills for heart surgery in cardiac residents before performing real surgery to reduce the potential risks and medical errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Aslani
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Behmanesh
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Education Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Garavand
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Ali Garavand,
| | - Masoumeh Maleki
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Freshteh Davoodi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Shams
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sergi BS, Popkova EG. Towards a 'wide' role for venture capital in OECD countries' industry 4.0. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08700. [PMID: 35028473 PMCID: PMC8741461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the current theoretical views of venture capital that predetermines a "narrow" treatment. In the light of the existing "narrow" treatment, venture investors seek private commercial interests in financial support for Industry 4.0, ignoring other interests that fall beyond the limits of the current "narrow" treatment of venture capital. A "wide" treatment of venture capital 4.0 proposed in this paper allows for improving venture investors' market strategies. Implementing this treatment, they will strive for providing a whole range of advantages for society. Due to this novel approach, venture capital 4.0 might become a tool of corporate social responsibility. To substantiate this novel approach, this paper considers data for 2020 that reflect the influence of venture capital 4.0 on the economy in the period of its stability for 33 countries of the OECD, including developed and developing countries. Econometric modelling based on the official statistics data proves that Industry 4.0 venture capital will help achieve such growth goals as innovative development, global competitiveness, and increasing digital competitiveness. The limitations of this research are due to the impossibility of achieving such goals as sustainable development, economic growth, and implementation of human potential; what's more, the specifics of developing countries have not been studied sufficiently. The conclusions are oriented mainly at developed countries and could merely partially be applied to developing countries. During further research, it is expedient to explore - more thoroughly - the experience of the influence of Industry 4.0 venture capital on emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S Sergi
- Harvard University, USA.,University of Messina, Italy
| | - Elena G Popkova
- Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ding Y, Gudapati V, Lin R, Fei Y, Sevag Packard RR, Song S, Chang CC, Baek KI, Wang Z, Roustaei M, Kuang D, Jay Kuo CC, Hsiai TK. Saak Transform-Based Machine Learning for Light-Sheet Imaging of Cardiac Trabeculation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:225-235. [PMID: 32365015 PMCID: PMC7606319 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2991754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent advances in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enable 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging of cardiac architecture and mechanics in toto. However, segmentation of the cardiac trabecular network to quantify cardiac injury remains a challenge. METHODS We hereby employed "subspace approximation with augmented kernels (Saak) transform" for accurate and efficient quantification of the light-sheet image stacks following chemotherapy-treatment. We established a machine learning framework with augmented kernels based on the Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT) to preserve linearity and reversibility of rectification. RESULTS The Saak transform-based machine learning enhances computational efficiency and obviates iterative optimization of cost function needed for neural networks, minimizing the number of training datasets for segmentation in our scenario. The integration of forward and inverse Saak transforms can also serve as a light-weight module to filter adversarial perturbations and reconstruct estimated images, salvaging robustness of existing classification methods. The accuracy and robustness of the Saak transform are evident following the tests of dice similarity coefficients and various adversary perturbation algorithms, respectively. The addition of edge detection further allows for quantifying the surface area to volume ratio (SVR) of the myocardium in response to chemotherapy-induced cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSION The combination of Saak transform, random forest, and edge detection augments segmentation efficiency by 20-fold as compared to manual processing. SIGNIFICANCE This new methodology establishes a robust framework for post light-sheet imaging processing, and creating a data-driven machine learning for automated quantification of cardiac ultra-structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ding
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Varun Gudapati
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ruiyuan Lin
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Yanan Fei
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Sibo Song
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhaoqiang Wang
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dengfeng Kuang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, and Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - C.-C. Jay Kuo
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Abiri P, Yousefi A, Abiri A, Gudapati V, Ding Y, Nguyen KL, Abiri A, Markovic D, Tai YC, Hsiai TK. A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of a Novel Approach for Wireless Stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3307-3316. [PMID: 32248088 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2983443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of integrated batteries in biomedical implants holds great promise for improving health outcomes in patients with implantable devices. However, despite extensive research in wireless power transfer, achieving efficient power transfer and effective operational range have remained a hindering challenge within anatomical constraints. OBJECTIVE We hereby demonstrate an intravascular wireless and batteryless microscale stimulator, designed for (1) low power dissipation via intermittent transmission and (2) reduced fixation mechanical burden via deployment to the anterior cardiac vein (ACV, ∼3.8 mm in diameter). METHODS We introduced a unique coil design circumferentially confined to a 3 mm diameter hollow-cylinder that was driven by a novel transmitter-based control architecture with improved power efficiency. RESULTS We examined wireless capacity using heterogenous bovine tissue, demonstrating >5 V stimulation threshold with up to 20 mm transmitter-receiver displacement and 20° of misalignment. Feasibility for human use was validated using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the cardiac cycle, guided by pacer phantom-integrated Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). CONCLUSION This system design thus enabled sufficient wireless power transfer in the face of extensive stimulator miniaturization. SIGNIFICANCE Our successful feasibility studies demonstrated the capacity for minimally invasive deployment and low-risk fixation.
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