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Chuandong Z, Hu J, Li J, Wu Y, Wu C, Lai G, Shen H, Wu F, Tao C, Liu S, Zhang W, Shao H. Distribution and roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus in hosts. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127648. [PMID: 38367479 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus murinus, a member of the Ligilactobacillus genus, holds significant potential as a probiotic. While research on Ligilactobacillus murinus has been relatively limited compared to well-studied probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus gasseri, a mounting body of evidence highlights its extensive involvement in host intestinal metabolism and immune activities. Moreover, its abundance exhibits a close correlation with intestinal health. Notably, beyond the intestinal context, Ligilactobacillus murinus is gaining recognition for its contributions to metabolism and regulation in the oral cavity, lungs, and vagina. As such, Ligilactobacillus murinus emerges as a potential probiotic candidate with a pivotal role in supporting host well-being. This review delves into studies elucidating the multifaceted roles of Ligilactobacillus murinus. It also examines its medicinal potential and associated challenges, underscoring the imperative to delve deeper into unraveling the mechanisms of its actions and exploring its health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chuandong
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jicong Hu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiawen Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chan Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guanxi Lai
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Han Shen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Changli Tao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Shao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Yu JE, Nho H, Surh YJ. Changes in Microbial Community Composition Related to Sex and Colon Cancer by Nrf2 Knockout. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:636808. [PMID: 34249773 PMCID: PMC8261249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.636808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in male mice is higher than that in female mice. Previous studies have reported that 17β-estradiol inhibits tumorigenesis in males by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate the changes in mouse gut microbiome composition based on sex, AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), and Nrf2 genotype. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing fecal samples obtained at week 16 post-AOM administration. In terms of sex differences, our results showed that the wild-type (WT) male control mice had higher alpha diversity (i.e. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) than the WT female control mice. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results revealed that the abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus were higher in WT male control mice than in WT female controls. In terms of colon tumorigenesis, the alpha diversity of the male CRC group was lower than that of the male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO, but did not show such changes in females. Furthermore, the abundance of A. muciniphila was higher in male CRC groups than in male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was higher in WT CRC groups than in WT controls in both males and females. However, the abundance of L. murinus was lower in WT female CRC and Nrf2 KO male CRC groups than in its controls. The abundance of A. muciniphila was not altered by Nrf2 KO. In contrast, the abundances of L. murinus and B. vulgatus were changed differently by Nrf2 KO depending on sex and CRC. Interestingly, L. murinus showed negative correlation with tumor numbers in the whole colon. In addition, B. vulgatus showed positive correlation with inflammatory markers (i.e. myeloperoxidase and IL-1β levels), tumor numbers, and high-grade adenoma, especially, developed mucosal and submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma at the distal part of the colon. In conclusion, Nrf2 differentially alters the gut microbiota composition depending on sex and CRC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Tractenberg RE, Groah SL, Frost JK, Rounds AK, Davis E, Ljungberg IH, Schladen MM. Effects of Intravesical Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG on Urinary Symptom Burden in People with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. PM R 2020; 13:695-706. [PMID: 32798286 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of intravesical Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to reduce the burden of urinary symptoms for individuals with spinal cord injury and disease (SCI/D) with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) who manage their bladders with intermittent catheterization (IC). DESIGN A three-phase study (6 months each in baseline, intervention, and washout). Participants self-managed following the Self-Management Protocol using Probiotics (SMP-Pro), completing the online Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-IC version (USQNB-IC) weekly. SETTING Nationwide (United States). PARTICIPANTS Ninety-six adults and seven children with SCI/D. INTERVENTIONS In response to one or both of the SMP-Pro trigger urinary symptoms, "cloudier" or "foul smelling" urine, participants self-administered using a clean urinary catheter an LGG+ Normal Saline instillate once or twice in a 30-hour period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in USQNB-IC burden was adjusted individually according to the previous phase for four symptom types. Adjusted changes in burden between the intervention and washout phases were analyzed using one-sample t-tests. Holm correction was applied for the four types of symptoms: A, clinically actionable; B1, bladder function; B2, urine quality; and C, other. RESULTS During the intervention phase, participants met SMP-Pro instillation criteria 3.83 times on average (range 1-20). An average of 5.6 doses of LGG were instilled. For those who instilled at least once, burdens of type A and B2 symptoms were significantly improved at washout (both adjusted P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Self-instilled LGG seemed to improve "clinically actionable" (A) and "urine quality" (B2) symptom burden. No changes were observed for those who did not instill. This first-in-human clinical trial supports ongoing research of intravesical LGG, and the SMP-Pro for urinary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle E Tractenberg
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and -Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Suzanne L Groah
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jamie K Frost
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and -Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Amanda K Rounds
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Inger H Ljungberg
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Manon M Schladen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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Asadi Karam MR, Shirzad AM, Habibi M, Bouzari S. A heterologous prime-boost route of vaccination based on the truncated MrpH adhesin and adjuvant properties of the flagellin from Proteus mirabilis against urinary tract infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Topological distortion and reorganized modular structure of gut microbial co-occurrence networks in inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26087. [PMID: 27188829 PMCID: PMC4870640 DOI: 10.1038/srep26087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in human health, and alterations of the normal gut flora are associated with a variety of distinct disease states. Yet, the natural dependencies between microbes in healthy and diseased individuals remain far from understood. Here we use a network-based approach to characterize microbial co-occurrence in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy (non-IBD control) individuals. We find that microbial networks in patients with IBD differ in both global structure and local connectivity patterns. While a “core” microbiome is preserved, network topology of other densely interconnected microbe modules is distorted, with potent inflammation-mediating organisms assuming roles as integrative and highly connected inter-modular hubs. We show that while both networks display a rich-club organization, in which a small set of microbes commonly co-occur, the healthy network is more easily disrupted by elimination of a small number of key species. Further investigation of network alterations in disease might offer mechanistic insights into the specific pathogens responsible for microbiome-mediated inflammation in IBD.
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Busetto GM, Giovannone R, Ferro M, Tricarico S, Del Giudice F, Matei DV, De Cobelli O, Gentile V, De Berardinis E. Chronic bacterial prostatitis: efficacy of short-lasting antibiotic therapy with prulifloxacin (Unidrox®) in association with saw palmetto extract, lactobacillus sporogens and arbutin (Lactorepens®). BMC Urol 2014; 14:53. [PMID: 25038794 PMCID: PMC4108969 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial prostatitis (BP) is a common condition accounting responsible for about 5-10% of all prostatitis cases; chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) classified as type II, are less common but is a condition that significantly hampers the quality of life, (QoL) because not only is it a physical condition but also a psychological distress. Commonly patients are treated with antibiotics alone, and in particular fluoroquinolones are suggested by the European Urology guidelines. This approach, although recommended, may not be enough. Thus, a multimodal approach to the prolonged antibiotic therapy may be helpful. Methods 210 patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis were enrolled in the study. All patients were positive to Meares-Stamey test and symptoms duration was > 3 months. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a long lasting therapy with a fluoroquinolone in association with a nutraceutical supplement (prulifloxacin 600 mg for 21 days and an association of Serenoa repens 320 mg, Lactobacillus Sporogens 200 mg, Arbutin 100 mg for 30 days). Patients were randomized in two groups (A and B) receiving respectively antibiotic alone and an association of antibiotic plus supplement. Results Biological recurrence at 2 months in Group A was observed in 21 patients (27.6%) and in Group B in 6 patients (7.8%). Uropathogens found at the first follow-up were for the majority Gram – (E. coli and Enterobacter spp.). A statistically significant difference was found at the time of the follow-up between Group A and B in the NIH-CPSI questionnaire score, symptoms evidence and serum PSA. Conclusions Broad band, short-lasting antibiotic therapy in association with a nutritional supplement (serenoa repens, lactobacillus sporogens and arbutin) show better control and recurrence rate on patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitits in comparison with antibiotic treatment alone. Trial registration NCT02130713 Date of trial Registration: 30/04/2014
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Lee JW, Lee JH, Sung SH, Lee SJ. Preventive effects of Lactobacillus mixture on experimental E. coli urinary tract infection in infant rats. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:489-93. [PMID: 23364986 PMCID: PMC3575986 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an ascending infection of fecal uropathogens, urogenital lactobacilli are suggested to play a role in the prevention of UTI. This study was to investigate whether lactobacillus mixture (LM) could prevent the experimental infantile UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LM were composed of three lactobacillus strains (L. gasseri, L. rhamnosus, and L. reuteri). Mother rats were grouped as lactobacillus (LB) group I (LB I, n=22), II (LB II, n=24) and control (n=20). LB I and LB II were fed with LM (1 mL/day) and control with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from late pregnancy through lactation. All newborn rats were breast-fed and their urine and stool were collected at the end of the 3rd week to compare lactobacillus colony. Then, infant rats from LB II were treated with intravesical instillation of LM. Infant rats from LB I and control were instilled with PBS. Twenty-four hours later, experimental UTI was introduced by intravesical instillation of standard E. coli strain. After 72 hours later, the infant rats were sacrificed for histologic examination. RESULTS Lactobacilli colonies in urine and stool were not statistically different among the three groups. The incidence of pyelonephritis in the LB II was 16.7% (4/24), LB I 72.7% (16.22) and control 75.0% (15/20) (p=0.015). The incidence of cystitis was not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSION The intravesically instilled LM significantly prevented experimental pyelonephritis in infant rats, however, LM administered orally to the pregnant and lactating mother rats did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Sung
- Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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D'Alessandro B, Lery LMS, Krüger WMA, Lima A, Piccini C, Zunino P. Proteomic analysis of Proteus mirabilis outer membrane proteins reveals differential expression in vivo vs. in vitro conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:174-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Microbiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Leticia M. S. Lery
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciencias da Saúde - Bloco G Lab; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Wanda M. A. Krüger
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciencias da Saúde - Bloco G Lab; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Analía Lima
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo/Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Departamento de Microbiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Montevideo; Uruguay
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Urethral dysbacteriosis as an underlying, primary cause of chronic prostatitis: Potential implications for probiotic therapy. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:741-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lactobacillus colonization status in infants with urinary tract infection. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:135-9. [PMID: 18781336 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the potential protective role of urogenital lactobacilli against urinary tract infection (UTI), lactobacillus cultures were performed on stool and urine specimens and periurethral/vaginal swabs of febrile infants who were suspected of having UTI. Those infants diagnosed with UTI based on the results of the suprapubic urine cultures were allocated to the UTI group (n = 60), and those who had a simple viral illness with negative urine cultures were allocated to the control group (n = 31). Lactobacilli were anaerobically cultured in lactobacillus-specific DifcoTM Rogosa SL agar for 48 h at 37 degrees C and then counted. The lactobacillus colony counts for the stool and urine specimens and periurethral swabs from the UTI group were significantly lower than those for the control group (P < 0.05). The geometric means of stool, periurethra, and urine lactobacilli in the UTI group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The colony count of the vaginal lactobacillus demonstrated an equivocal difference between the UTI and control group. In conclusion, this is the first prospective case-control study to demonstrate reduced lactobacillus urogenital colonization in infants with UTI. Our results support the view that less urogenital lactobacillus colonization may be a risk factor for UTI in infants even though there is an unclear possibility that the UTI itself could be the cause of the lower lactobacillus colonies.
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Perelmuter K, Fraga M, Zunino P. In vitro activity of potential probiotic Lactobacillus murinus isolated from the dog. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1718-25. [PMID: 18194243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Lactobacillus spp. isolates from faeces of a healthy dog, and to characterize their potential as probiotics in order to evaluate their possible use as probiotics for dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS An in vitro approach was used to characterize the isolates as potential probiotics including the evaluation of pH and bile salts tolerance, production of antimicrobial substances, biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, aggregation ability and adhesion to canine intestinal mucus. The isolates survived to different pH and bile salts conditions, inhibited the in vitro growth of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and adhered to glass and intestinal mucus. CONCLUSIONS The properties shown by these isolates may indicate that they could colonize and persist in the gastrointestinal tract and induce beneficial effects to the host. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The evaluation of native canine isolates and future experimental feeding assays may be useful tools to develop probiotics to improve animal health and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Perelmuter
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Fraga M, Perelmuter K, Delucchi L, Cidade E, Zunino P. Vaginal lactic acid bacteria in the mare: evaluation of the probiotic potential of native Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. strains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 93:71-8. [PMID: 17588124 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-007-9180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important members of the human vaginal microbiota and their presence is considered beneficial. However, little is known about native vaginal bacteria in other animal species such as the horse. The aim of this work was to quantify the vaginal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli of mares and to establish if selected equine vaginal lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Enterococcus spp. strains, could exhibit potential as probiotics. The vaginal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli of 26 mares were quantified by plate counts. Five strains (three Lactobacillus spp. and two Enterococcus spp.) were characterised and adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells, antimicrobial activity and ability to form biofilms were evaluated. Lactic acid bacteria were recovered from the 26 samples and lactobacilli counts were detected in 18 out of 26 mares (69%). Probiotic properties tested in this study varied among the isolates and showed promising features for their use as equine probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Fraga
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Frye MA. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2006; 22:497-517, x. [PMID: 16882485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine urinary tract infection (UTI) most commonly occurs as a sequela to structural or functional inhibition of normal urine flow. Although it is an infrequent diagnosis in equids, the incidence of UTI in human beings is high and has inspired great investigative effort. The resultant findings with potentially broad application as well as current equine studies are reviewed here. Recent developments in the understanding of host-agent interactions and renal defense mechanisms, emerging antimicrobial resistance, and novel therapeutic alternatives to prophylactic antibiotic use are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Frye
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Medical Center, 300 West Drake, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
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Wagenlehner FME, Naber KG. Treatment of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Presence and Future. Eur Urol 2006; 49:235-44. [PMID: 16413668 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent infections in the outpatient as well as in the nosocomial setting. The stratification into uncomplicated and complicated UTIs has proven to be clinically useful. Bacterial virulence factors on the one side and the integrity of the host defense mechanisms on the other side determine the course of the infection. In uncomplicated UTIs Escherichia coli is the leading organism, whereas in complicated UTIs the bacterial spectrum is much broader including Gram-negative and Gram-positive and often multiresistant organisms. The therapy of uncomplicated UTIs is almost exclusively antibacterial, whereas in complicated UTIs the complicating factors have to be treated as well. There are two predominant aims in the antimicrobial treatment of both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs: (i) rapid and effective response to therapy and prevention of recurrence of the individual patient treated; (ii) prevention of emergence of resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy in the microbial environment. The main drawback of current antibiotic therapies is the emergence and rapid increase of antibiotic resistance. To combat this development several strategies can be followed. Decrease the amount of antibiotics administered, optimal dosing, prevention of infection and development of new antibiotic substances. The aim of this review is to highlight the current and to describe future treatment options for UTIs.
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Reid G, Bruce AW. Probiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: the rationale and evidence. World J Urol 2005; 24:28-32. [PMID: 16389539 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-005-0043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 30 years, urologists have recognized in females, that urinary pathogens almost always infect the host through ascension from the rectum, vagina to the urethra and bladder. Likewise, the Lactobacillus organisms that predominate in the vagina of healthy women, spread from the rectum and perineum and form a barrier in the vagina to bladder entry by uropathogens. The concept of artificially boosting the lactobacilli numbers through probiotic instillation has long been conceived, but only in recent years shown to be possible. Not all lactobacilli are effective, and to date clinical efficacy only exists for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri B-54 and RC-14. These strains are only commercially available in Austria, and therefore for most urologists, while some probiotic organisms may reduce the recurrences of bladder cancer or oxaluria, no probiotics can be recommended widely to prevent UTI at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, N6A 4V2, London, Ontario, Canada.
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