Fontibacillus solani sp. nov. isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) root

Alternative nitrogenase of Paenibacillus sonchi genomovar Riograndensis: An insight in the origin of Fe-nitrogenase in the Paenibacillaceae family

Paenibacillus sonchi genomovar Riograndensis is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from wheat that displays diverse plant growth-promoting abilities. Beyond conventional Mo-nitrogenase, this organism also harbors an alternative Fe-nitrogenase, whose many aspects related to regulation, physiology, and evolution remain to be elucidated. In this work, the origins of this alternative system were investigated, exploring the distribution and diversification of nitrogenases in the Panibacillaceae family. Our analysis showed that diazotrophs represent 17% of Paenibacillaceae genomes, of these, only 14.4% (2.5% of all Paenibacillaceae genomes) also contained Fe or V- nitrogenases. Diverse nif-like sequences were also described, occurring mainly in genomes that also harbor the alternative systems. The analysis of genomes containing Fe-nitrogenase showed a conserved cluster of nifEN anfHDGK across three genera: Gorillibacterium, Fontibacillus, and Paenibacillus. A phylogeny of anfHDGK separated the Fe-nitrogenases into three main groups. Our analysis suggested that Fe-nitrogenase was acquired by the ancestral lineage of Fontibacillus, Gorillibacterium, and Paenibacillus genera via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and further events of transfer and gene loss marked the evolution of this alternative nitrogenase in these groups. The species phylogeny of N-fixing Paenibacillaceae separated the diazotrophs into five clades, one of these containing all occurrences of strains harboring alternative nitrogenases in the Paenibacillus genus. The pangenome of this clade is open and composed of more than 96% of accessory genes. Diverse functional categories were enriched in the flexible genome, including functions related to replication and repair. The latter involved diverse genes related to HGT, suggesting that such events may have an important role in the evolution of diazotrophic Paenibacillus. This study provided an insight into the organization, distribution, and evolution of alternative nitrogenase genes in Paenibacillaceae, considering different genomic aspects.

Antimicrobial Activity Against Phytopathogens and Inhibitory Activity on Solanine in Potatoes of the Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Potato Tubers

As an important global crop, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) contains the endotoxin solanine that leads to human poisoning and major economic losses. Poisoning symptoms and even acute poisoning may occur when the content of solanine in potatoes exceeds 200 mg/kg. In addition, potatoes are susceptible to some pathogenic bacteria, including Streptomyces scabies and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Van Hall) dye, which can cause potato scab and potato blackleg disease, respectively. In this study, 37 culturable endophytic bacteria strains were obtained from potato tubers based on the culture-dependent method. Results indicated that nine strains showed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen by antimicrobial activity screening and 23 strains showed inhibitory activity on solanine in potato tubers. Among them, strain P-NA2-14 (Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308T, 99.31%) showed not only better antimicrobial activity against both the two indicator pathogens, but also the best inhibitory activity on solanine, which was proved to be a potential biocontrol bacterium. Meanwhile, the relationship between the distribution of the endophytic bacterial community and the content of solanine in potato tubers was studied by Illumina-based analysis, indicating that the distribution of the endophytic bacterial community was obviously influenced by the content of solanine. The results showed a new insight into the relationship between plant secondary metabolites and endophytic bacteria in potato tubers and provided potential new technical support for the biological control of potato storage.

Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from sediment

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain J15A17T, was isolated from sediment of the South China Sea. The strain was oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 33 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed closest similarity (92.8 %) to Paenibacillus puldeungensis strain CAU 9324T. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate forms a separate branch within the family Paenibacillaceae, with the genus Cohnella as the most closely related genus. The DNA G+C content of strain J15A17T was 37.4 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the sole respiratory quinone; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids; and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid and four unidentified phospholipids. The strain displayed the peptidoglycan type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp in the cell wall. Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological differences between strain J15A17T and its closest relatives in the genera Cohnella, Fontibacillus and Paenibacillus suggest that strain J15A17T (=KCTC 33759T=MCCC 1H00137T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus within the family Paenibacillaceae, Chengkuizengella sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov.

Fontibacillus pullulanilyticus sp.nov. isolated from soil

Gram stain-negative, motile, catalase-, and oxidase- positive strain, designated DSHK107(T) was isolated from soil of Cukurova University campus in Adana, Turkey. Its taxonomy was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 0-2.0% NaCl (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Fontibacillus; strain DSHK107(T) showed highest sequence similarity to type strains Fontibacillus aquaticus GPTSA 19(T) (97.8%) and Fontibacillus panacisegetis P11-6(T) (97.0%). The major fatty acid of strain DSHK107(T) was anteiso-C15:0 (46.7). The polar lipids of strain DSHK107(T) consisted of dihosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown phospholipids, four unknown lipids, three unknown glycolipids, two unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown aminolipid, and an unknown aminophosphoglycolipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content of DSHK107(T) was 42.1 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the strain DSHK107(T) shared low DNA-DNA relatedness with F. aquaticus DSM 17643(T) , Fontibacillus solani A4STRO4(T) , and F. panacisegetis DSM 28129(T) (47, 58, and 59.3%, respectively). Thus, our results support the placement of strain DSHK107(T) within a separate and previously unrecognized species. On the basis of a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain DSHK107(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Fontibacillus, for which the name Fontibacillus pullulanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSHK107(T) (=NCCB 100560(T)  = DSM 100116(T) ).

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. Note that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.