Differences between odd number and even number response formats: Evidence from mainland Chinese respondents

Indigenizing and co-producing the ACGME anesthesiology milestone in Taiwan: a Delphi study and subgroup analysis

BACKGROUND

To implement the ACGME Anesthesiology Milestone Project in a non-North American context, a process of indigenization is essential. In this study, we aim to explore the differences in perspective toward the anesthesiology competencies among residents and junior and senior visiting staff members and co-produce a preliminary framework for the following nation-wide survey in Taiwan.

METHODS

The expert committee translation and Delphi technique were adopted to co-construct an indigenized draft of milestones. Descriptive analysis, chi-square testing, Pearson correlation testing, and repeated-measures analysis of variance in the general linear model were employed to calculate the F values and mean differences (MDs).

RESULTS

The translation committee included three experts and the consensus panel recruited 37 participants from four hospitals in Taiwan: 9 residents, 13 junior visiting staff members (JVSs), and 15 senior visiting staff members (SVSs). The consensus on the content of the 285 milestones was achieved after 271 minor and 6 major modifications in 3 rounds of the Delphi survey. Moreover, JVSs were more concerned regarding patient care than were both residents (MD = - 0.095, P < 0.001) and SVSs (MD = 0.075, P < 0.001). Residents were more concerned regarding practice-based learning improvement than were JVSs (MD = 0.081; P < 0.01); they also acknowledged professionalism more than JVSs (MD = 0.072; P < 0.05) and SVSs (MD = 0.12; P < 0.01). Finally, SVSs graded interpersonal and communication skills lower than both residents (MD = 0.068; P < 0.05) and JVSs (MD = 0.065; P < 0.05) did.

CONCLUSIONS

Most ACGME anesthesiology milestones are applicable and feasible in Taiwan. Incorporating residents' perspectives may bring insight and facilitate shared understanding to a new educational implementation. This study helped Taiwan generate a well-informed and indigenized draft of a competency-based framework for the following nation-wide Delphi survey.

Enabling the Creative Performance of Indian IT Employees Through Their Voice: The Mediating Role of Psychosocial Prosperity

Organizations largely depend on their employees’ creativity to attain a competitive advantage. Drawing on Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, this study examines whether employees’ voice behavior (promotive and prohibitive) can be harnessed to improve their creative performance. By exploring the mediating role of psychosocial prosperity and moderating effects of employees’ perception of their influence at work and their feelings of alienation, this study offers a unique model that enhances the literature on voice and creativity. Data collected from 285 Information Technology professionals in India reveals that both forms of voice lead to creative performance, and psychosocial prosperity mediates this positive relationship. This finding offers different insight for scholars as much of the voice literature expects prohibitive voice to yield negative results for the employee because of its associated risks. Also, employees’ perceived influence at work strengthens the positive effect of promotive voice on psychosocial prosperity, while alienation weakens the relationship between psychosocial prosperity and creativity performance. The study concludes by discussing the implications, limitations, and directions for future researchers.

Cyber-bystanders’ reactions toward tourism companies’ prejudice practice during the COVID-19 pandemic

Prejudice against tourists from the epidemic areas or those infected during the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted much attention. While many studies examined the influence of this prejudice on tourists themselves, little research has been conducted to identify cyber-bystanders’ reactions to tourism companies' prejudice practice. This study aims to fill this gap by revealing the process of how cyber-bystanders identify, evaluate, and respond online to prejudice practice in the context of the tourism industry. The study developed a conceptual model to examine the influential factors and their internal relationship of cyber-bystanders’ reactions. A multistage model was proposed based on the social comparison theory. An online survey was conducted in mainland China, and 558 useable questionnaires were collected. The three-process model was estimated using the Bootstrap mediation test and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that cyber-bystanders’ prejudice recognizing process could impact their reactions through the influence of their evaluation behaviors. Meanwhile, the collective sentiment on social media has a moderating effect on the relationship between cyber-bystanders’ evaluating process and their reactions to prejudice practice. Both theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Characterization of the Driving Style by State–Action Semantic Plane Based on the Bayesian Nonparametric Approach

The quantification and estimation of the driving style are crucial to improve the safety on the road and the acceptance of drivers with level2–level3(L2–L3) intelligent vehicles. Previous studies have focused on identifying the difference in driving style between categories, without further consideration of the driving behavior frequency, duration proportion properties, and the transition properties between driving style and behaviors. In this paper, a novel methodology to characterize the driving style is proposed by using the State–Action semantic plane based on the Bayesian nonparametric approach, i.e., hierarchical Dirichlet process–hidden semi–Markov model (HDP–HSMM). This method segments the time series driving data into fragment clusters with similar characteristics and construct the State–Action semantic plane based on the statistical characteristics of the state and action layer to label and interpret the fragment clusters. This intuitively and simply visualizes the driving performance of individual drivers, while the risk index of the individual drivers can also be obtained through semantic plane. In addition, according to the joint mutual information maximization (JIMI) approach, seven transition probabilities of driving behaviors are extracted from the semantic plane and applied to identify driving styles of drivers. We found that the aggressive drivers prefer high–risk driving behaviors, and the total duration and frequency of high–risk behaviors are greater than those of cautious and normal drivers. The transition probabilities among high–risk driving behaviors are also greater compared with low–risk behaviors. Moreover, the transition probabilities can provide rich information about driving styles and can improve the classification accuracy of driving styles effectively. Our study has practical significance for the regulation of driving behavior and improvement of road safety and the development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).

Peng K, Wong CS. Supervisor attribution of subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior motives

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the agreement between supervisors and subordinates concerning the motives of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and how the supervisors’ attributions affect their OCB ratings.

Design/methodology/approach

– With the permission of seven large organizations in Macau, the authors conducted a survey of 500 employee-supervisor-co-worker triads. The final sample stood at 176 such triads with three hypotheses tested.

Findings

– First, supervisors are more accurate when judging altruistic motives of subordinates’ OCB than with egoistic motives. Second, supervisor attribution of subordinates’ altruistic motives positively affects the supervisors’ OCB ratings. Third, employees who are motivated by altruistic motives perform more OCB actions those egoistically motivated.

Originality/value

– The study adds to knowledge of how supervisor attribution of subordinates’ OCB motives affects their evaluation of the subordinates. It also provides evidence about the effect of OCB motives on the actual engagement in OCB. Findings of this study support the work of Organ et al. regarding the motives behind OCB and strengthen the role of attribution theory in studying OCB.